Circulatory System Blood Lymphatic System. The Heart & Blood flow.
Activity 5 - Blood and Lymphatic Tissues
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Transcript of Activity 5 - Blood and Lymphatic Tissues
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Activity 5
BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC
TISSUESHISTOLOGY LAB.
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ERYTHROCYTE LINEAGE
Before release:
All cytoplasmic organelles
degenerate and extrudes
their nucleus
Fully mature:
Consist of outer plasma
membrane enclosing Hb
and limited enzymes to
maintain the cell. (deformreadily and pass through
capillaries)
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The relative proportion of leucocytes in
normal adult human blood (per mm3) is as
follows:
Basophils- 0.5-1 per cent, 35 to 70/mm3
Eosinophils- 1-3 per cent, or 70 to 21O/mm3
Monocytes- 2-10 per cent, or 140 to 700/mm3
Lymphocytes- 20-45 per cent, or 1400 to
3150/mm3
Neutrophils- 60-75 per cent, or 4200 to
5200/mm3
B E M L N
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Leucocytes / White Blood Cells
Basophil Lymphocyte
B cell / T cell
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Leucocytes Main Products Main Functions
Neutrophil Specific granules and
modified lysosomes
(azurophilic granules)
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Eosinophil Specific granules,
pharmacologically active
substances
Defense against parasitic helminths;
modulation of inflammatory processes
Basophil Specific granules
containing histamine andheparin
Release of histamine and other
inflammation mediators
Monocyte Granules with lysosomal
enzymes
Generation of mononuclear-phagocyte
system cells in tissues; phagocytosis and
digestion of protozoa and virus and
senescent cells
B lymphocyte Immunoglobulins Generation of antibody-producing
terminal cells (plasma cells)
T lymphocyte Substances that kill cells.
Substances that control
the activity of otherleukocytes (interleukins)
Killing of virus-infected cells
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LEUCOCYTIC SERIES
1.Myeloblast
2.Progranulocyte orpromyelocyte
Neutrophil lineage4.Neutrophil myelocyte
5.Young neutrophil
metamyelocyte
6.band neutrophil
metamyelocyte
7.Segmented neutrophil
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LEUCOCYTIC SERIES
1.Myeloblast
2.Progranulocyte orpromyelocyte
Eosinophil lineage8.Eosinophil myelocyte
9.Eosinophil
metamyelocyte
10.Segmented
eosinophil
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LEUCOCYTIC SERIES
1.Myeloblast
2.Progranulocyte orpromyelocyte
Basophil lineage11. Basophil myelocyte
12. Segmented basophil
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LEUCOCYTIC SERIES
1.Myeloblast
Monocyte lineage
13. Monoblast
16. Monocyte
3. Megakaryocyte
PLATELETS FORMATION- Megakaryocyte cytoplasm
fragment to form platelets.
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Lymphoblast
Prolymphocyte
B cell
Pre-T cell
THYMUS
Natural
killer
cell
BONE
MARROW
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Platelets / thrombocytes
nonnucleated, disklike
cell fragments
2 to 4 m in diameter
promote blood clottingand help repair gaps in
the walls of blood
vessels, preventing
loss of blood
Normal platelet count
200,000 to 400,000 per
l of blood.
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LYMPHATIC / LYMPHOID
TISSUES
Primary Lymphoid tissues:
Bone marrow - B cell and Pre-T cell devt.
Thymus - T-cell maturation
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues - Exposure toantigens initiates immune responses in thesecondary lymphoid tissues.
Lymph node SpleenPeyers Patches Tonsils
GALT MALT
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Characteristics of Lymphoid
Organs
Concentration of small lymphocytes, asfound in densely packed lymphoid areas.
The smaller, darker nuclei are seen in the
tissue and are pushed to the rim of thenodule.
The germinal centeris pale because of
the presence of large lymphocytes withlarger, paler nuclei.
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Thymus
Flat, bilobed organsituated above the heartand below the thyroidgland.
It increases in size untilit reaches its peakdevelopment duringadolescence.
Becomes smaller withage.
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Thymus (Infant)T cell Maturation
Notice that the medulla (M) tends to stain lighter than
the cortex (C).
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Thymus (Adult)
The post-pubescent thymus involutes and is characterized by areas
of adipose tissue (A).
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The thymus has no germinal centers like many other
lymphoid tissues
but it does have distinguishing Hassall's corpuscles (arrows)
comprised of multiple layers of epitheloid cells.
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Lymph Node - filters both lymph and blood.
Lymph enters the subcapsular sinuses (SS) and exits the
hilar region whereas blood both enters and exits.
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Subcapsular sinus
Subcapsular sinus lined with macrophages where
antigen processing takes place.
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Lymph first enters the sub-capsular sinus (SS)
and then percolates through various
trabeculae (T) to the medulla.
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Follicles in the darkly stained cortex.
Germinal Center - A mass of activated B cells; site where B cells
proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells.
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Germinal Center
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Once in the medulla, lymph is channeled
through medullary cords (MC) to the hilum.
Medulla less densely populated area; contains some T cells, B
cells and macrophages.
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Medullary sinus with medullary cord.
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Spleen - filters out old and damaged cells
and antigens from the blood.
Spleen - The distinctive red pulp (RP) and white pulp (WP) identify
the spleen.
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Parts of the spleen
Red pulpmakes up more than one-half of the totalvolume;
its function is the destruction of old red blood cells
blood flows from the arterioles into the red pulp and exits
through the splenic veinWhite pulp contains the lymphoid tissue
arrangedaround arterioles in a periarterial lymphaticsheath(PALS)
with lymphoid follicles attached; PALS and lymphoidfollicles are surrounded by a marginal zone
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Spleen white pulp
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References
Junquiera LC, Carneiro J. 2005. BASIC HISTOLOGY :
TEXT AND ATLAS 11th Edition. McGraw-Hills ACCESS
MEDICINE.
The JayDoc HistoWeb
http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/
BLUE HISTOLOGY
http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/