Activity 1 ( Writing skills) 10T… · Web viewThe accents and dialect (use of words) of people...

*The following figure represents types of communication(Fig 1)

Communication skillsWhat is communication?

The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking,writing or using some other medium and means of sending or receiving information.

Learning objectives of Effective communication

1. Development of Interpersonal Skills2. To express effectively & with maximum

efficiency What is Writing?Writing is a form of communication that allows students to put their feelings and ideas on paper, to organize their knowledge and beliefs into

convincing arguments, and to convey meaning through well-constructed text. In its most advanced form, written expression can be as vivid as a work of art.

Grade 10

1.Phrases- Phrases are a group of words that work together to communicate an element of speech.

The following figure represents the differet types of phrases

Fig 2

The following link further explains use of phrases in communicating better and with much ease.

https://youtu.be/YbLUN_1YX2k

Activity 1 ( Writing skills)

The following activity may help the students to strengthen the concept further:

Description

Write phrases on both sides of the card or the paper. Show them only one side and ask them to guess the back side.

*To further build up the concept, few worksheets will be given to check how much they have learnt . One of the example is listed below

2.Kinds of sentences

Identify the phrase type:

1..Houses are [unbelievably expensive] just now.

Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Noun Phrase Prepositonal PhraseVerb Phrase

2. We [met Paul] last week Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Noun Phrase Prepositonal PhraseVerb Phrase

3. 3. [A car that won't go] is not particularly useful

Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Noun Phrase Prepositonal PhraseVerb Phrase

4.. I enjoy eating [in Indian restaurants] Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Noun Phrase Prepositonal PhraseVerb Phrase

5. . Don't you have to leave [early]? Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Noun Phrase Prepositonal PhraseVerb Phrase

6. Tell [him] not to worry. Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Noun Phrase Prepositonal PhraseVerb Phrase

What is a sentence?

A set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.

The above figure represents 4 types of sentencesThe following link will further help to build up the concept) () Activity 2Whole-Group Game: Four Corners InstructionsHang the sentence banners in each corner of the classroom.Students choose a corner in which to stand.Teacher reads a sentence.If students think it is the sentence type designated by their corner, they sit down.If students are wrong (they stand up in the wrong corner/don’t stand up in the correct corner), they are out of the game!

6. Students who are correct get a punctuation badge (sticker).

7. Teacher reads 10 sentences. The student with the most stickers is the Sentence Champ!

There are four kinds of sentences in the English language.1. Imperative- gives a command (.)2. Declarative- makes a statement (.)3. Interrogative- asks a question (?)4. Exclamatory- expresses strong feeling (!)

Name: Date: Identifying Four Kinds of Sentences WorksheetDirections: Read each sentence and add the correct punctuation mark. Then, label it; imperative, declarative, interrogative or exclamatory.

How well she sings!

2. What is your name?

3. Did I say anything to make you angry?

4. What is your name?

5. Who told you this?

6. She is a successful writer.

7. It is raining cats and dogs.

8. I want to become a writer.

9. She does not eat meat or fish.

10.Go at once.

11.Bring me that file.

12.My mother makes delicious cookies. 3. Get lost.

14.Fetch me a glass of water.

15.Please be seated.

16.Sit down.

3. Parts of speech- A category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions. In English the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective, determiner, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

The following figure represents eight parts of speech

The following link will help to reinforce the

concept (https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=v9fCKTwytJA) Activity 4

Class projects can be an excellent way to focus the whole class and get them working together towards a common goal. Taking some ‘time out' from regular

17.She writes with her left hand.

18.What a tragedy!

19.How beautiful she is!

20. I have two sisters.

21.How ridiculous this is!

22. I have lost my way.

classes and doing something completely different can really help group dynamics and you may also give quieter or less able students a chance to shine. Making a class magazine is a project that will appeal to most groups as it allows individuals to work on what interests them. Starting a project from scratch can seem a little daunting to begin with so here's a simple step-by-step guide on how to make a class magazine.

Planning

*Bring in some magazines. Let the students have a look through them. The teacher will a class survey on magazines at this stage or simply converse with the class about the type of magazines they like.

*On the board. brainstorm the different sections that magazines have. Try to include as much variety as possible so there's something for everyone. (Horoscopes, sports pages, film reviews, cinema news, fashion, photo stories, comic strips, puzzles, technology pages, music, interviews with famous people, recipes, jokes, problem pages etc. etc.)

Making a class magazine should be an enjoyable experience for the students.This will improve their writing skills and simultaneously help them to express and know each other better.

Article writing

Article writing is the process of creating a non-fiction text about current or recent news, items of general interest or specific topics.

The following figure represents the format of Article writing

* Figure 5

The following link will help to build up the concept

https://youtu.be/q2197KT1iNE?list=RDQMaJwsUDCsYv4

Activity 5

Doing surveys can be a useful way of getting your students to interact, produce question forms and collect and analyse real information.

This survey has been designed for younger learners and is based on the theme of school subjects.

Preparation

One class is going to survey a different class that they don't know. It’s a good idea to choose a group who have a higher level than your own group as this avoids misunderstandings in the survey. Examples of few questions which can be asked are listed below

1) What’s your favourite subject?

2) What’s your worst subject?

3) What’s the most important school subject?

5. Construction of the ParagraphWhat is a paragraph?A paragraph is a series of sentences that are organized and coherent, and are all related to a single topic.

After a brief discussion,students will write an article highlighting the problems students are facing in different subjects and remedial measures on the same. This activity gives them the chance to practise target language in context and it also prepares them for the survey with students they may not know.

Activity – A perfect story

This activity leads students into writing a short story using the past simple, present perfect simple and continuous, but in a more creative way.This activity aims to help students to recognise their own problems with paragraph construction and to identify errors, which improves their own re-drafting skills.

1. The students they are going to write a short story.

2. The students will read the following questions and decide, with a partner, what the missing words are, but not answer the questions . What is his / her name?

a) What is about them? (e.g. strange / unusual / nice...)

b) What was their --problem last

year? c)What happened?

d) Why have they become so ?

e)How many have they - ?

f) Who have they been recently?

g)What have they been for the last five years?

The students, working in pairs still, have to answer the questions. The answers should link the questions together to form the basis of a story. Students can draw their characters. This is fun and brings the character to life. Students can laugh at each other's drawings. Using the notes above, students put the story together. This activity aims to help students to recognise their own problems with paragraph( story) construction and to identify errors, which improves their own re-drafting skills

Summary:

A classroom environment relies heavily on the quality of communication taking place within it. As an instructor, taking steps towards improving the communication skills of your students will contribute positively towards your classroom climate. Students with effective communication skills will be more likely to contribute to class discussions, will be more productive members in group projects, and will ultimately gain more from their experience in the class. Learning and practicing writing skills help students to handle professional and social tensions.

References

: Google

: You tube

: British council Library

Negative Body Language

Communication Skills - Activity

Unit -1Demonstrative knowledge of Various methods of Communication

CS 10 Worksheet 1 : Actions Speak larger than words! Role Plays :ANote to teacher.Before Class:Allot the 4 role plays to students in advance to prepare i.e before the class period. Ask them to exaggerate the body language.Guide and help the pairs.In class:Ask pairs to role play the situations .In plenary or after each role play elicitwhat is being expressed so eloquently by the body language.Post Each Role PlayAsk class to describe what Student B was thinking and feeling; what message was he/she sending. Ask for specific “clues” based on what Student B did with body ,face, hands etc.

Role Play 1[A1]:

Student A:Tell your partner aaallll about your family.

Student B You are getting bored. Tap your foot. Look around, fidget, look from side to side, avoid eye contact.

Role Play 2

Student A: Tell your partner what happens in your favorite movie

Student B Lean forward, keep still ,be comfortable ,have eye contact, and nod.

Role Play 3

Student A: Make a long list of excuses as to why you didn’t do your homework.

Student B You are the teacher. Put your hands on your hips, roll your eyes, shake your head, keep muscles tense, look angry.

Role Play 4

Student A: Ask student if he knows who has physically assaulted a class mate/or damaged the class furniture during interval.

Student B Sit hunched over, lookdown, avoid eye contact, and fiddle with something-belt etc

1

Positive Body Language



Examine the table given below. Add to the list of body language behaviors!

2

fake yawn stare moves awayfrom speaker shakes head negatively negative facial expression

smiling eye contact, wide open forward lean nodding positive

facial

Demonstrative knowledge of Various methods of

34. Pain

CS 10Worksheet 2 What’s Your Emotional Intelligence: How well do you read other people?

AdapC

tedo

frm

omm

Gru

ean

teirc

Ga

ootdio

Mn

agaS

zik

neil

Bl

es

rke-

leyActivity

A TUakneitth-e1Quiz

1

This face is expressing...1. Embarrassment

2. Fear

3. Sadness

4. Surprise

2

2. This face is expressing...1. Shame

2. Anger

3. Sadness



3 This face is expressing...1. Pride

2. Contempt

3. Excitement

4. Anger

4

4 This face is expressing...1. Guilt

2. Sadness

4



3. Pain

4. Disgust

5

it

arious methods of

Communic

Unit -1

ation Skills - Activ

tive knowledge of V

5 This face is expressing...1. Fear

2. Interest

3. Surprise

4. Compassion

6 This face is expressing...1. Sadness

2. Shame

3. Disgust

4. Contempt

7This face is expressing...1. Embarrassment

2. Sadness

3. Amusement

4. Shame

6

Demonstrative knowledge of Various methods of

C

8This face Uis enxiptre-s1sing...

1. Happiness

2. Desire

mmunication Skills - Activity

3. Politeness

4. Compassion

9 This face is expressing...1. Anger

2. Pain

3. Disgust

4. Sadness

10

10 This face is expressing...

1. Compassion

2. Sadness

3. Anger

4. Interest

7



11This face is expressing...1. Amusement

2. Desire

3. Surprise

4. Excitement

12This face is expressing...1. Surprise

2. Interest

3. Desire

4. Happiness

13

8



13This face is expressing...

1. Sadness

2. Shame

3. Disgust

4. Compassion


2. Pride

3. Embarrassment

4. Shame

9



15This face is expressing...1. Flirtatiousness

2. Interest

3. Happiness

4. Politeness


2. Pain

3. Anger

4. Disgust

10



17This face is expressing...1. Satisfaction

2. Flirtatiousness

3. Love

4. Compassion

B Check your answers at the end of the unit. Discuss your rating with your group. Who has got the highest score? Do you think one can become better at reading faces

and expressions?How? Choose a facial expression from the ones you examined in the quiz. Mime it . Ask your group to guess what you are

feeling. Answers Quiz :Emotional Intelligence

1 fear2 pain3 pride4 pain 5surprise 6contempt ? 7embarrasment 8 politeness

11



9 disgust10 compassion 11amusement 12interest

13 sadness14 shame 15happiness 16anger17 love

C Look at the visuals of facial expressions below. Learn more about how we form these expressions! Discuss which expressions are desirable when you are with people. Which expressions are undesirable when you are with people? Choose a facial expression from the ones you examined in the quiz. Mime it . Ask your group to guess what you are feeling.

12



1 Fear

Answer: FearWe express fear when we feel threatened.

our eyes open wide open our jaw drops and the mouth hangs open.

2 Happiness

13

Submit Answ Submit Answ



3 Embarrassment

gaze is averted head moved down to the side, neck exposed.

4 Pride

5 surprise

14



6 Contempt

7 Disgust

15



8 Pain

9 Compassion

16

Submit Answ



10 Amusement

11 Interest

17



12 Sadness

18



13 Shame

14 Politeness

19



15 Pain

20

Submit Answ



16 Love

LoveWhen we feel love, our facial expression often resembles happiness:.

.

21



CS 10 Worksheet 3

1.Examine the information given in Figure 1.It shows the percentages allotted for the 3 elements of personal communication. The 3 elements are :a)spoken words b)body language c)voice and tone

2Try and guess what percentages each would have in order of importance? Give reasons for your answers.a)spoken words ----------%--b)body language ----------%--c)voice and tone ----------%--3 Check the answer from the answers to Figure 1a and Figure 1b given at the end of the unit.4

Figure 1a

[A4]Next check whether you were correct in your estimate of allotting percentages!

22

[



Figure 1b

3 Notice how important voice and tone are in personal communication.

a)Let us find out how to use our voice modulation ,tone and word stress by doing the following activity.b)In pairs take turns and speak aloud the following sentences.c)The word that is in bold must be spoken with emphasis.d) After each sentence discuss what you are trying to communicate by using that particular tone and word stress.The first one has been done for you.e)Attempt all the sentence sin turns and write down what each one means.f) Finally check your answers given at the end of the unit.

23



Placement of the emphasis What it means

I did not tell John you were late. Someone else told John you were

late.

I did not tell John you were late. This did not happen.

I did not tell John you were late. I may have implied it.

I did not tell John you were late.

But maybe I told Sharon and José.

I did not tell I was talking about someone




John you were late. else.

I did not tell John you were late. I told him you still are late.


I told him you were attending another meeting.

Changing your tone can dramatically change your meaning. Source: Based on ideas in Kiely, M. (1993, October). When “no” means “yes.”

Do you agree with the statement given in 3a and 3b.Discuss with your partner.

25



Figure 3a

Figure 3b

26



4 Your friend has been selected for an interview. Examine the visuals given below. What does each visual they tell you about the person?Write a few wods and phrases beow each visual. Your friend is not very good with his body language.He is soon going for an interview. Think of suitable advice to give to your friend . Based on the visuals below write a set of 6 sentences advising your friend what not to do .

Figure 4

a)

b) [A5]

c) [A6]

27



d)

e)

[A7]\

f)

28



CS10Worksheet 41 Examine the following visual. What are the Do’s and Don’ts of body language when you are appearing for an interview?Complete the sentences given below the visual.

Figure 5

. [A8]

29



Body Language :Don’t do the following: (i)You mustn’t (ii)You shouldn’t (iii)Don’t (iv)Be careful about (v)Don’t (vi)

2Look at Figure 6aa) Read the cues of the Do’s and Don’ts of body Language given in Figure 6a .b) Discuss what are the five main elements of Body Language.c) Using the clues given in Figure6b and the Do’s and Don’ts column,fill in the blanks using

appropriate words.d) Check your answers given at the end of the unit.

Figure 6 a

s.n Element/Features of Body L Do’s Don’ts1 a) contact make appropriate eye contact - j) away-shifty

prolonged eye contact2 _b) Expression f) facial expression _ poker/k) face

3 c) keep g) uncrossed,usingmeaningful and appropriate gesture

cross arms,l) or exaggerate

4 _d) head up and alert,h) leaning forward

turn your m) on someone,arm crossing,legcrossing

5 e) distance not too i) and not too close make listener uncomfortablewith your n)

Figure 6b

30 Far



31



Worksheet 5CS 10 Worksheet 51In Column A, fill in the 3 blanks by listing the 3 main kinds of communication. 2In column B list examples of each of the 3 kinds of communication.3 In pairs discuss

How and when you use a particular kind of communication. Whether these different kinds of communication occur separately or whether you use more than one type of

communication simultaneously!4 In column C list the advantages of each of the 3 types of communication.5 In Column D list the disadvantages of each of the 3 kinds of communication..

s A.n

types of

communication

definition

B

examples

D

Disadvantages

1 conversationsone on one

2 letter to principal

3 Shakinghands,smiling

Road signs

32

C

Advantages



ANSWERS

CS10 Worksheet 3 Figure 1a

Figure 1b

Figure 2

33




I did not tell John you were late. Someone else told John you were

late.

I did not tell John you were late. This did not happen.

I did not tell John you were late. I may have implied it.


But maybe I told Sharon and José.

I did not tell I was talking about someone




else.John you were late.

I told him you still are late.I did not tell John you were late.

I told him you were attending another meeting.


Worksheet 4 Figure 6

Figure 6 a

s.n Element/Features of Body L Do’s Don’ts1 a) contact make appropriate eye contact - j) away-shifty

prolonged eye contact2 _b) Expression f) facial expression _ poker/k) face

3 c) keep g) uncrossed,usingmeaningful and appropriate

cross arms,l) orexaggerate

35



gesture4 _d) head up and alert,h) leaning

forwardturn your m) onsomeone,arm crossing,leg crossing

5 e) distance not too i) and not too close make listener uncomfortablewith your n)

Figure 6b

36



37



38

Barriers to Effective Communication

Apply Measures to Overcome Barriers to Communication

Skills Objectives:Learn about

1 Various barriers to effective communication: their types and factors

2 Different measures that need to be adopted to overcome barriers in effective communication3 Gain practical experience of--

1. Role playing barriers to effective communication and identifying them

2. Practicing ways to overcome barriers in communication in a)social situations and b)at the workplace

3. Counselling someone whose communication skills are hampered due to barriers ( enacting some situations)

Lesson 3.1 Types of Barriers to Effective Communication

Communication means sharing meaning. With no sharing, there is no communication.

Effective communication requires an understanding that - A message is conveyed clearly between communicators in order that

it is effective and serves the desired purpose. Whether in a team or with others, at work or in the community,

the communication environment is conducive and there are no barriers which prevent messages being sent and received successfully.

Communication barriers create misunderstandings and misinterpretations of messages.

To communicate successfully you must know what barriers to communication exist and ensure that they do

communication. You must make efforts to navigate around these roadblocks.

A communication barrier is thus anything that prevents us from receiving and understanding the messages others use to convey their information, ideas and thoughts.Communication between two individuals should be simple. Remember that there are differences between talking and communicating. When we communicate, we are successful in getting our point across to the person we’re talking to. When we talk, we tend to erect barriers that hinder our ability to communicate.

Some barriers to effective communication you should be aware of are:

Physical Barriers – Physical barriers separate people from each other and mark territories. These barriers can often be seen in the workplace where offices and closed doors stop communication.Physical barriers can stop you from being comfortable communicating with a person whom you do not come face to face with often.As long as people still have a personal space that they can call their own, nearness to others aids communication because it helps us get to know one another.

Language Barriers – Not using words another can understand will certainly stop your message from being conveyed. This not only applies to actual languages but also expressions, format used, buzz words and other jargon.

If one is not familiar with your language, misinterpretation will occur. The accents and dialect (use of words) of people belonging to different places differ even if their language is same and may become barriers to communication.

For example, the abbreviation “LOL” used in chat language used to mean Lots of Love before, which changed to Laugh Out Loud. If a person says LOL, the second person can interpret the meaning in any way they want or from their understanding. People use both the abbreviations according to the context and need.

Gender Barriers – Variation exists among masculine and feminine styles of communication. There are distinct differences between the speech patterns in a man and those in a woman. A woman speaks between 22,000 and 25,000 words a day whereas a man speaks between 7,000 and 10,000.

While women often emphasize politeness, empathy, and rapport building, male communication is often more direct. This means that a man talks in a linear, logical and compartmentalised way, features of left-brain thinking; whereas a woman talks more freely mixing logic and emotion, features of both sides of the brain. Meshing these two styles without awareness could become a barrier.

Attitudinal Barriers - as those behaviors or perceptions that are divisive in nature – the ones that can lead to nagging doubt, sullen disagreement or even overt conflict. They all interfere with and undermine communication. These are barriers that distance one from others. These are visible through withdrawal, meaningless rituals which keep one devoid of real contact, superficial activities and more.

Perceptual Barriers – Different world views can create misunderstanding. People tend to interpret messages from their own point of view or ideologies. Without thinking, one might only view a message from his or her own mindset rather than looking at it from another viewpoint.The problem with communicating with others is that we all see the world differently.You might ask someone an innocent question based on a previous experience but it is quite likely for them to perceive it with suspicion.

Cultural Barriers – Ethnic, religious, and social differences can often create misunderstandings when trying to communicate. These differences can also affect one’s perception and create confusion in getting a message.

Emotional Barriers –If one is consumed with emotion he will have difficulty in understanding what is communicated. Hostility, anger, fear, and otheremotions make it hard to hear outside one’s own self.The roots of our emotional mistrust of others lie in our childhood and infancy when we were taught to be careful about what we said to others. We must have been often warned- "Mind your P's and Q's". "Don't speak until you're spoken to".As a result, many people hold back from communicating their thoughts and feelings to others. While some caution may be wise in certain relationships, excessive fear of what others might think of us can stunt our development as effective communicators.

Overcoming these barriers to communication is no easy task. You need

Class X : Lesson 3- Communication Skills Worksheet 3.1 : Barriers to Communication

Blindfold Game In this game break off everyone into teams of two. One member is blindfolded and navigates an obstacle course. The other member shouts directions to the other member.

Blindfold Game works because it builds trust, listening, and instructional skills. Trust among team-members is crucial for effective communication. It encourages cooperation and successful teamwork. Lack of trust, though, builds suspicion and prevents buy-in.After playing the game discuss what went well and what did not. Identify the barriers that came in the way of effective communication.List what could have been done to improve communication. (E.g. - did you feel that personal or attitudinal barriers affected communication? Think of other barriers… gender/cultural)

Class X : Lesson 3- Communication Skills Worksheet 3.2 : Barriers to Communication

Answer the following quiz questions-1. Not stating instructions clearly is an example of……….. ( language

awareness and a willingness to adapt and try to form meaningful relationships. But, if you begin to focus on how these communication barriers are affecting your everyday conversation, you will be well on your way to becoming an effective communicator.

Further reading : Read Dr K Usha Rani’s research paper on communication barriers at https.www.researchgate.net/publication/304038097_COMMUNICATION_BAR RIERS

Handling Barriers to Communication

Following are some practical ideas for dealing with attitudinal barriers to communication so that all of your exchanges as a small business owner or part of a team in an office are as productive as they can be:Engage in face-to-face interactions whenever possible. As you've probably learned from experience, text messages and even emails can bemisinterpreted without the nonverbal “assist” of facial expressions, tone and inflection. When timely communication is of great importance, you may have no choice but to send a quick text or email. In this case, be sure to follow up later to seek questions and to ensure that your message was understood as you had intended it to be.Reduce or eliminate distractions around you. Noise from other people and office machines can sink even the most pleasant interactions, dooming them to a rough start. They interfere with the focus you need to have so that you can counteract any attitudinal barriers. Then again, sometimes a lack of noise from other people, such as if the environment is too quiet, can be distracting; this could mean that people are eavesdropping on your conversation – something you want to avoid. If “the walls have ears,” then move your conversation to another part of the building or go outdoors.Try to assess the needs of the receiver. This is not an easy objective. But as an employer, look at the bright side: you're privy to some attitudinal variables:

there is a ………………. ( cultural barrier)3. When you are overcome by your own feelings and unable to

communicate well it means there is an ………………..( emotional barrier)

4. Using slang or words that are used within your own social group is an example of a ………………. ( cultural barrier)

5. You may like to have your own private cabin to work in but if you are not willing to meet your team face to face it is an indication of a………. (physical barrier)

6. You have an…………………. ( attitudinal barrier) if you think you are more qualified than others and are superior in knowledge.

7. If you have a totally different viewpoint from your team mates on the way a training programme is to be planned you have a…………..(conceptual barrier)

age, culture, education, experience, gender and race. Others, such as lifestyle and upbringing, may elude you. Use what you know to develop an empathetic stance and, if possible, tailor your message accordingly. This is another way of saying “know thy audience.” No doubt, you will get better with experience and practice.Hone your active listening skills. The University of Maine suggests a five-step approach to this alert and engaged listening style:

a) Acknowledge the other person's ideas, thoughts or feelings. Paraphrase the other person's words to ensure understanding.

b) Ask questions without judging. Summarize and clarify what you hear. Offer your opinion if it's requested.

c) Organize your thoughts. You don't have to write notes, but if doing so helps you organize what you want to say and how you want to say it, then by all means, start writing. Many communications go haywire because the purpose is hazy in the mind of the sender. And if it's hazy in the mind of the sender, it might be a complete blur to the recipient.

Soften your tone and language. As the boss, you know people watch your every move, so you also know that being courteous and professional is a must in every interaction. To defeat any attitudinal barriers, it can help immensely to maintain a gentle, reassuring tone and use simple, non-confrontational language. Keeping sentences short and direct can also help to prevent any misunderstandings.Encourage feedback. Even this seemingly benign step can be fraught with peril, if “the other guy” clams up and disses you behind your back. Now might be a good time to remember the advice about how the receiver also bears responsibility for whether a two-way exchange is a success or a failure. All you can do is ask that he understood what you had to say and if he has any questions you can clarify. At least, you will be doing your part as a conscientious communicator.

Described below are some common barriers to effective communication which we must avoid:1 Second guessing the sender : We do this when we are impatient with the speaker and are in a hurry to finish the sentence for the speaker. It takes away from the speaker the opportunity to compete what was being said. At times, we could be completely off the mark while finishing off the unspoken part and create antagonism in the speaker. We have thus defeated out first principle of

seeking first to understand.2 Stereotyping : We often form stereotypes about those whom we know the least! Once our mental sets are created, all our transactions are affected by these sets, preventing us from effective listening.

3 Halo effect : This is another form of stereotyping. Based on a single characteristic we make up our mind usually positively about the other person. We may like someone's mannerisms or passion while speaking and get so impressed that are unable to see any negatives in this person.

4 Not listening as a status or gender issue : Studies have shown that men listen much less than women do. Similarly those in positions listen less to those who are lower in hierarchy. How well do we listen to our children, or our subordinates? If a woman employee is speaking, are men colleagues as attentive as they would be when a male colleague speaks up?

In addition there are others which we are familiar with such as-daydreaming, private planning or detouring, fatigue and exhaustion. Typical mannerisms like saying 'you know', 'well', or making gesticulations while talking also act as barriers. These can be observed in both the sender and the receiver. One can overcome these through seeking feedback on one's style of communication.

Worksheet 3 : Barriers to Communication

Read the following situations and discuss in your groups what steps can be taken to overcome the barriers you notice. Enact the same in front of the class.

1 You are a manager in a bank. Lately, you have observed that the employees are not comfortable talking to you. It seems that they do not understand instructions given via email.An email sent to all the employees regarding customer dealing was misunderstood and they were offended. What will you do?

Step taken as a positive measure:

You (as manager) decide to step out of your cabin and have a quick discussion with your colleagues to give them some important instructions instead of depending upon emails. Clarify what you wanted to convey through the email.

Worksheet 4 :Handling Misunderstanding

Play this game in pairs:

This game entails two persons who must sit back to back. The first person has an object and must describe it (without explicitly saying what the object is) to person B. Person B must then draw it based on the person A’s descriptions.

Causes of Miscommunication and Misunderstanding

After you play the game try to fix things.The first step in fixing miscommunication is understanding where things go wrong.

Understand misunderstanding

The game Misunderstanding helps drive creative communication. Finding creative ways to communicate despite barriers builds problem-solving skills. No communication works exactly the same and creativity is required to make sure effective communication happens each time.

Their boss who is a male does not listen to them and does not give importance to their suggestions. Without meaning to hurt them he is quite pompous and wants to do things his way.

What would you like to suggest to him?

3 You work in a multinational company. Some of your colleagues from Sweden and China are coming for a conference to Delhi. You are in charge of receiving them.What steps would you take to -

receive them make their stay in India comfortable ensure they do not have problems with food ensure they have no language problems

This game can be adapted for larger groups by working in teams of two. It can then become a competition based on who has the most accurate drawing.

Apply principles of communication

Objectives

In this lesson you will -----

1. Know about the principles of effective communication2. Identify the 7 Cs of effective communication3. Apply knowledge of effective communication skills in real life situations

Lesson 4.1: Principles of Communication

We all wish to communicate our ideas and thoughts effectively. There are some principles that must be followed for communication to be successful.

A Seek first to understand, then diagnose and prescribe :

The most important principle of communication is that we should understand the other person with our mind, heart and soul, deeply, without judging, without censoring.Stephen Covey in his book titled '7 Habits of Highly Effective People' gives an example of a father who complains that he is unable to understand his son as the son doesn't listen to him. After repeating, "I don't understand my son, he just doesn't listen to me", several times, the man realizes that in order to understand another person, one must deeply listen and only with the intention of truly wanting to understand.Very often we struggle to make ourselves understood. But if the person does not open up to the experience of wanting to understand the struggle continues and communication fails.

Covey says seeking first to understand is like opening an emotional bank account. If you invest yourself emotionally and fully, you will get high returns in the form of a rewarding communication experience. When you truly understand the other person you can begin to explore for causes of problems and solutions.

B Face to Face Communication is most effective:

One of the requirements within any organization is to put everything down on paper, in writing. While all of us follow this dictum, how many of us have chosen to precede or follow up our written communication with a personal discussion or meeting? A face to face discussion can give us much better results. In a face to face interaction, we are able to observe and respond to verbal and non-verbal cues, the inconsistence between the two, offer feedback and seek clarifications. Some of this is not possible for example, when we are engaged in a telephonic conversation.

C Communication becomes complex as the number of people we are communicating with increases : In an interaction involving only two people, the number of communicative stimuli, both verbal and non-verbal, is limited. One is left to deal with and manage the partner's interactions and structure one's response based on the cues received from the partner.But as the number of people increases, stimuli, feedback, channels also increase and communication becomes complex. Suppose you are talking to a group of 5 persons. Four of them are listening intently to you while the fifth one seems bored and uninterested. If you continue, you have lost the opportunity to understand the reason for his or her disinterest and modify your delivery. However, if you single this person out, she might feel cornered while others may become impatient.Thus in a group context, one has to manage several different aspects of communication in order to be effective.

D Communication across cultures differs : Culture can be defined as shared knowledge, symbols, conventions, folklore, language, habits, rituals, rules and lifestyles that link and give a common identity to a particular group of people at a given point in time. Cultural differences must be respected and kept in mind while communicating. It is a good idea to find out about the culture, traditions and customs of another country or state you are visiting for the first time. Also remember, in a large country like India people belonging to different states, tribes or communities have certain mannerisms and behavioural characteristics that need to be understood. Not giving eye-contact to a member of the opposite sex or a person who belongs to a higher caste class is common among Indians. To a Westerner, the same gesture may mean lack of earnestness of the people we are interacting with.

E Feedback is the key to effective communication: Communication transactions continue to evolve effectively in the presence of feedback. Try

Worksheet 1: Principles of effective communication

1. Name the 5 principles of effective communication. Which do you find most important? Number them in order of importance you would like to give them. Say why.

2. Do role plays in groups of 4 to show the importance of each principle. Enact each in 2 ways- one showing effective communication because the principle is followed and the other showing poor communication. Let other judge and say how you could have done better.

3. You are Nazia, Group Leader, Marketing, ABC Consultants. You are very upset. Shaheen, your junior has made a mess of the assigned task of inviting the chief guest for the inaugural ceremony of the new office block.Analyze where you may have gone wrong in communicating the assigned task. Find out from your junior, Shaheen what went wrong and why it went wrong. Sit together and seek to clarify expectations. Remember that you should have followed the principles of - understanding, then prescribing; face to face contact, and understanding cultural differences.

Lesson 4.2: The 7 Cs of Communication

talking to a person with a deadpan face. Chances are, very soon the enthusiasm with which you started will wane. Conversely if the audience responds with nods, smiles, anything that conveys attention and interest, the speaker is encouraged to continue. Feedback also gives you an indication if there is any change needed in the communication stimuli. Adapted from IGNOU

Warm up-Try to guess what the 7 Cs of communication must be. C for clarity… C for courtesy… As you may have guessed, to be effective communication must be clear and courteous. It must also have other qualities. Can you name some other qualities?Watch this video (in the link given below) before you read about the

7 Cs. https://youtu.be/sYBw9-8eCuMCs

The 7 Cs of Communication

In your daily life and at work you write emails, facilitate meetings, participate in conference calls, create reports, devise presentations, debate with your colleagues… the list goes on.

We all spend almost our entire day communicating. So, it stands to reason that communicating clearly and effectively is very important and can boost our productivity.

This is why the 7 Cs of Communication are stressed in our discussions on good communication. The 7 Cs provide a checklist for making sure that your meetings, emails, conference calls , reports , and presentations are well constructed and clear – so your audience gets your message.

Following are the 7 Cs of effective

communication: Watch this video that makes it easy to

understand the 7 Cs:

https//youtu.be/sYBw9-8eCuMs://youtu.be/sYBw9-8eCuM

1. Be Clear

Begin every message by asking the question, “What is the purpose of this communication?” This will enable you to make the objective of your communication clear to the recipient.Clarity is also about avoiding the use of complex words, sentences, and fuzzy language.It is important that you clearly communicate the intended information to the recipient. You must be able to explain a concept several ways and answer clarifying questions about the topic.If you are not clear about the purpose of your communication, then your

objectives will not be met.

Writing points on note cards or a notepad can help you methodically work through what you want to communicate. Most people will tend to drift or forget items if they don’t have a clear framework to operate within. Presentation slides can be helpful though very often a simple outline will be enough.

1. Be conciseMake your message brief and to the point. Why use 10 sentences to explain something when a single sentence will suffice? Being concise will save time for both you and the receiver of your message.To help make your communications more concise, avoid going over the same point several times, and avoid the use of filler words, sentences, and over wordy expressions. Although we are trying to be concise, it is important to remember that we are not trying to lose completeness.3. Be ConcreteConcrete communication is about being specific and clear rather than vague, obscure, and general. To be more concrete use sentences that cannot be misinterpreted. Include supporting facts and figures to underscore your message, but don’t allow anything that detracts from the focus of your message.4. Be CorrectIncorrect information doesn’t help anyone and it does your credibility no good. Ensure that: Your message is typo-free; your facts and figures are correct and you are using the right level of language. Being correct first time will both save you time and boost your credibility. A correct message will also have a greater impact on the recipient than an incorrect one.5. Be CoherentDoes your message make sense? Does it flow logically from one sentence to the next? To ensure that your communication is coherent: Check that each sentence flows logically from one to the next and check that you haven’t tried to cover too many points or been distracted by side issues.6. Be CompleteYour message must contain all the necessary information to achieve the desired response. To ensure that your message is complete think about questions the receiver might think of as they receive your message. Address these questions. Ensure you have included a call to action so that your audience knows exactly what you expect them to do next.7. Be Courteous

Sources: ;

The following table makes the 7Cs clear to you-

Be polite. You’re more likely to get what you want from your communication if you are courteous, as courtesy builds goodwill. Check that your message is polite, shows respect for the feelings of the receiver, and is tactful. Make your message brief and to the point.

Class X - Communication Skills

Lesson 4 : Worksheet 1-Principles of

Communication Complete the following table with the

appropriate adjectives to be kept in mind while

communicating with people.

Clear• message easily understood

concise

correct

courteous

considerate

Complete

coherent

Answers

Clear- no confusion, statement of requirement is direct, not ambiguous or vague

Concise- brief, to the point, gives only relevant information, no extra info

Correct- facts only are stated , no confusion or incorrect statement, very precise

Courteous- Considerate- Complete- Coherent-

Lesson 4- Worksheet 2 : Practice the 7 Cs

Watch the following video and then do the activity in pairs. This activity will help you to practice the 7 Cs. You will also understand the need for applying the 7 Cs to your communication in daily life.

Prahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yGhNwDMT-gctising the 7 Cs

Practice communicating the following instructions or requests by writing sentences keeping in mind the 7 Cs.

1. You have to give instructions to your assistant about the task of completing a project report by tomorrow. Write the instructions in language that is clear, courteous and complete.

2. Make a written request to your colleagues who are not reaching office in time to sign in by 9.30 am daily. You are Kritika, Head, Department of IT, NIOS. ( clarity, conciseness, courtesy, correctness coherence and completeness)

3. Share a plan for an important office meeting with heads of differentdepartments and your colleagues. Remember to share details of the meeting such as: purpose, people who have been invited, venue and timings, agenda, sequence in which they will be discussed and other arrangements such as seating, tea and refreshments. You are Rashi Singh, Head, Human Resource, Alexis Ltd. ( clarity, conciseness, concreteness, courtesy, correctness coherence and completeness)

4. Have a telephone conversation with a client. The topic is a business visit the client wishes to make to your company to know about the goods you manufacture for gifting during Diwali. ( correct, clear. coherent, concise,

Lesson 4 : Worksheet 3 Principles of Communication

Do the following role plays in pairs. (The first is done for you as a sample)-

Anita: Ma’am, could you please tell me what is to be written in the emails to be sent for the meeting?

Suvarna: Yes. Please note all that I am saying. Remember to -

Address each participant by name … write ‘Dear Lalita’Your invitation should be courteous and formal… write … ‘It would give me great pleasure…….’etc.Do not forget to write the date, timings and venue of the meeting ( mention the conference room and floor too)State the agendaInform participants about arrangements for parking, who will receive them at the reception counter and details of the contact person for any queries.Lastly, do share the draft with me. Anita: Thanks a lot ma’am.Suvarna: You’re welcome, Anita. I’m sure you’ll do a great job.

1 As product manager you have you the job of explaining to your team how to

courteous and complete)5. Imagine you are the receiver for each of the above messages.

Do you think the messages were complete? What changes could be made in them?

6. Share the above tasks and observations orally with the whole class and critique for improvement where required.

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=rm#search/HEEMAL+HANDOO?projector=1

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=rm#search/HEEMAL+HANDOO?projector=1

pack the mobile phones that are to be sent via Amazon to customers. Give clear, concise and complete instructions. Do not forget to be courteous.

2 You are a receptionist in a reputed school of Kanpur. You receive a phone call. The caller is making a query about admission dates, sale of forms, fee structure, seats for economically weak students etc.

Write the dialogue between the caller and yourself.

Write the dialogue. Remember to express yourself in a manner that shows respect to the person who you are talking to.

After writing the dialogue check it for 7 Cs. Have you taken care of them? Now enact the telephone conversation.

Self-Management Skills

Theory and 4 Let’s Do It

“Harmonise the head, the heart and the hands to be happy.

Be an integrated personality. Disintegration causes stress.

Integration gives tremendous satisfaction.”

Nastibuddhirayuktasya..Ch.2

Meaning and Importance of Stress Management

Stress Management refers to focusing human efforts for maintaining a healthy body and mind capable of better withstanding stressful situations. Occasional stress is an unavoidable part of one’s life. Stress refers to a “physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension”. Small amounts of stress have a positive effect and they help us stretch ourselves to new level. High levels of stress over prolonged periods need to be managed. A Stress well managed can help one view events and situations as challenges and contributes in the growth of individual. Unmanaged stress leads to anxiety and sorrow resulting in ill status of mental and physical health. Stress causal agents can have following origins.

Mental

PhysicalSTRESS CAUSAL AGENTS

Social

FINANCIAL

Fig. 1 Stress Causal Agents’ Categories

Mental: Students can be left overwhelmed, if they are unable to handle their assignment submission deadlines and examinations grades. Overly high expectations from self can leave one with chronic anxiety and stress.

Physical: As children grow up they may seek more independence, may become critically conscious of their looks and have to cope up with hormonal changes. Issues related to general well-being and health of an individual can lead to low self-esteem and cause stress.

Social : Discord amongst family members, peer pressure for doing things which kids will generally avoid , maintaining balance in relationships amongst friends, status show off may lead to stress at times.

Financial: Youngsters may have aspirational financial stress. This may of becoming findependent or Finances aspirational stress may

Importance of Stress Management

Being well versed with stress coping mechanisms helps people lead and healthy and happier life. Adequately managed stress prevents medical and physical illnesses. Stress management is vital because it leads to following benefits.

Improves mood Boosts immune system Promotes longevity Leads to burst of physical strength, which is vital for goal achievement Complete mental and physical engagement for task accomplishment Increases efficiency and effectiveness Prevents psychological disorders and behavioral problems

Stress Management Techniques

Stress is a mental state where one size doesn’t fit all, what stresses one person may not stress others at all. It is highly individualistic phenomenon and the solution has to be customized to individual’s mental state. Physical signs which may suggest stress are: breathlessness, dry mouth, butterflies in stomach, indigestion, nausea, acidity, fatigue, sweaty palms, cold hands and feet, irritation and hyperactivity etc. At the mental level following symptoms may reflect stress irritation, impatience, loneliness, upset, anxious, depressed, frustration, bored, guilty, insecure and forgetfulness.

Self-awareness amongst individuals for symptoms of stress will help them manage it better. They should try understanding the cause, understanding self and taking remedial measures. Avoiding the issues or procrastination is not the solution. Speaking out to the well-wishers like family and friends is of help in stress management as they provide a social support system. Apart from positive thinking, managing one’s time across any or a combination of the following activities aids in stress management.

Physical Exercise

When stress affects the brain, rest of the body also feels the impact. Physical exercise in the form of walking, skipping or for that matter indulging in any sports has been found to relieve stress as they stabilize mood, improve self-esteem and induce sleep.

Yoga Yoga is a school of Hindu philosophy reduces stress, which includes a series of postures and breathing exercises practiced to achieve control of body and mind.

Meditation It is a practice where an individual is supposed to focus his/her mind on a particular object, thought or activity to achieve a calm mental state reducing stress.

Enjoying Recreational activities like watching movies, attending concerts, playing games, involving in adventure sports, singing, dancing or even sketching can help individuals transcend to a happier mental state and help manage stress.

Going On Vacations with Family and Friends Vacations provide an opportunity of taking a holiday from our routine and appreciate different facets of life. Vacations can be taken up to friends and relatives place as well as to far flung attractive locations. Vacationing helps in de-stressing individuals.

Taking Nature Walks Taking nature walks in a pristine environment of a national park or a sanctuary or a trail in country side / village, brings us a calmness by allowing our over stimulated minds a chance to relax and helps us relax.

Ability to Work Independently

Everyone who has been sent on this earth has been blessed in their own way. They together make this earth a beautiful place. Some can sing well, others are good at sports, some are intellectuals and some are good comedians. Everyone is special. But it is important that everyone learns the art of working independently. This typically means that one must learn to take ownership of the task assigned and leave no stone unturned in accomplishing the task. The individual who has the ability to work independently need not be supervised for the task completion.

Importance of The Ability to Work Independently

Following benefits of working independently advocate its importance.

Ensures greater learning. Individuals feel more empowered and responsible. It provides flexibility to choose and define working hours and working mechanisms. Failure and success of the task assigned are accounted by individuals. Individuals become assets to organizations, groups and nations It ensures creativity and satisfaction amongst individuals.

Enhancing Ability to Work Independently

Ability to work independently can be enhanced by being self-aware, self-motivated and self-regulated. Let’s now learn what are these:

Self-Awareness Having conscious knowledge of your own self, capabilities, feelings and one’s own character is called as self-awareness. It helps individuals to chart their ways for working independently.

Self-Motivation Self-motivated individuals have an inner urge to do something, achieve their goals without any external pressure. It is a life skill and must be necessarily developed.

Self-Regulation Self-regulation guides independent individuals as it helps them consider long term consequences rather than just transient feelings. It leads to a responsible and a value driven behavior.

Lets’ Do It

Hands On Exercises to Understand the Concept Better

4 Sessions

Session A. Doing a yoga session/ meditation and discussing students’ about their experiences.

Session B. Asking students to prepare a write-up/essay on experiences during a holiday trip.

Session C. Asking students to present a talk on “what I Wish to become and what I do about it”.

Session D. Planning of an activity in groups for creating a plan for school fest/ any event in school/ class party and demonstrating how individual members contributed the qualities required for working independently.

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENT

It is the natural surroundings of a living thing. It includes everything found in the

surroundings of living things such as air, water, plants, animals etc. Environment is essential

for continuation of life earth. It gives us everything needed to lead our life on Earth. It aids in

the growth & development of all livings things such as plants and animals. Our environment

plays a pivotal role in enabling the existence of healthy life on this planet.

Environment includes both the living things as well as non living things. The living things

broadly include plants and animals. The non-living things is constituted of three main parts –

1. Lithosphere – it refers to the outer layer of the earth. It includes rocks and soils found on

the surface of earth.

2. Hydrosphere – it refers to water bodies found on the surface of earth. E.g., seas, rivers,

oceans, streams etc.

3. Biosphere – it refers to that part of environment where life exists.

All living things such as Plants and animals require a healthy environment for their survival.

A healthy environment enables a diverse ecosystem with abundant diversity of species of

living things. Whenever ecosystems are harmed by man, it causes the threat to the survival of

a living thing. In the long run, it can even lead to the extinction of some species.

SOURCE - https://www.zmescience.com/ecology/ecosystems-what-they-are-and-why-they-are-important/

Human activities often wreak havoc on our environment leading to pollution of land, water,

and air pollution. However, our environment is degrading every single day. This is because of

the technological innovations in the modern age. The challenges posed by the continuous

technological advancements have lead to a decrease in the quality of environment. As a

result, environmental pollution has emerged as quite a hazard.

Forests are being cut with scant regard to the habitat of the wild animals. Destruction of

forests has lead to change in the climate as well. This can have disastrous impact in the long

run. Our water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds etc. have become dirty. This is caused due

to various activities of man such as washing of clothes in water bodies, flow of household

wastes and flow of industrial sewage into them. The air we breathe is becoming polluted too

because of the harmful gases emitted out by factories and industries. Same is the case of the

land we live on. We have infested our environment with harmful substances such as plastic.

If we fail to protect and conserve our environment, then it would become difficult to continue

life on earth.Another reason for deterioration of our environment is the non-stop exploitation

of our natural resources. In our continuous struggle for more and more industrial production,

we require more raw materials such as coal and petroleum. However, rampant use of these

natural resources, mainly fossil fuels, has lead to their continuous depletion. It is important to

realize that these resources are non-renewable which means that they cannot be replaced

naturally; if used indiscriminately, they can even get exhausted.

Environmental pollution affects millions worldwide In some of the world’s worst polluted

places, babies are born with birth defects, children have lost 30 to 40 IQ points, and life

expectancy may be as low as 45 years because of cancers and other diseases. So it becomes

important to save our environment so that our natural resources stay safe from pollution and

its toxic effects.

Source -

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEM AND FACTORS CAUSING IMBALANCEInteractions between human society and the environment are dynamic in nature. Man’s relationship with environment has, over the course of earth’s history, followed a pattern of its own. Every step in the history of man has seen a change in the nature of relationship with the environment. Early humans, were, more or less in harmony with the environment. Beinghunter-gatherers, they took only so much from their environment as they required to fulfill

their basic needs. Their impact on environment was minimal owing to the nature of their

needs and the size of their population. However the situation changed with the increase in

population.

As the population increased, the lifestyle of the people also changed. This was accompanied

with the increase in demands of the people. It started an ever increasing dependence on

natural resources. This also saw a shift in living quarters of man; from living in small

settlements to residing in big towns and cities. This shift to city life inadvertently led to a

distancing from nature. While many people were still in-tune with nature on a subsistent

level, the need for more and more resources began to change our regard for nature. Thus

began a journey of imbalance and overuse of environment.

Although our distancing from nature began several thousand years ago with advancements in

agriculture and social order, it is the age of industry to which we owe our modern regard for

nature. The growth of cities allowed for a separation between people and nature and our

obsession with convenience and efficiency beckoned a new perspective on the

environment. With technological advancements, nature became something we were no

longer apart of and entirely subject to, but something that we could control and profit off

of. The growth of industry enabled humans to truly dominate the landscape and disrupt the

natural systems that have been in place for billions of years.

The story of human progress is also the story of increase in human greed and exploitation of

environment. The early societies were technologically backward and lead a simple lifestyle.

As such their needs were basic. They could not control the forces of nature and were in awe

of Nature. But modern societies are technologically advanced and sciectifically evolved.

Modern man has learnt to control nature. Man, no longer, holds Nature in venration; instead

man has learnt to yield Nature to his whims and desires. This has lead to a lopsided equation

between man and environment; with the balance now being tilted more towards man.

The sheer disregard of man towards environment has lead to the disruption of many

ecosystems. An ecosystem includes all of the living things (plants, animals and organisms) in

a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments

(weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).

Example – A pond is an excellent example of an ecosystem. The living things in the pond

include microorganisms, plants and animals. The non-living things in the pond include

pebbles, water, sunlight etc. There is continuous interaction between the living and the non –

living things in the pond which makes life possible.

Source -

The stability of ecosystem refers to balance between production and consumption of each element in the ecosystem. In other words, ecosystem stability means balance between input and output of energy and normal functioning of different bio-geo-chemical cycles and stable conditions of concentration of all elements. However sometimes ecosystem faces imbalance. This is most likely to happen when an ecosystem is unable to adjust with environmental changes. For example continuous destruction of trees in a forest ecosystem rarely permits regeneration of forest community because exposed surface due to deforestation is subjected to intense weathering and erosion and nutrients are washed out by surface run-off.

The various factors causing ecological imbalance are as follows:

1. destruction of forests

2. industrialization

3. urbanization

Resources that nature has provided such as soil, air, water, minerals, coal, sunshine (sunlight), animals and plants, etc., are known as natural resources. These are utilized for byhuman beings for the purposes of survival and welfare.

There are two main types of natural resources. These are :

1. Renewable natural resources

2. Non-renewable natural resources

Renewable natural resources- Resources that can be renewed naturally are known asrenewable resources. E.g., water, soil, wind etc.

Non-renewable natural resources - Resources that cannot be renewed naturally are known asnon-renewable resources. E.g., coal, petrol etc.

4. large scale use of pesticides

5. overgrazing

NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION

Source - http://www.eschooltoday.com/natural-resources/types-of-natural- resources.html

The survival of mankind is linked to the conservation of the natural environment and the

natural resources. If the natural resources are not utilized properly then there would emerge a

situation where they would start disappearing altogether from the face of earth. There is

already a growing concern that resources such as oil wells may run dry in the next couple of

decades owing to their exploitation and overuse.

Conservation is the term used to denote proper management of a natural resource to prevent

its exploitation, destruction or degradation. Conservation means sustainable use of natural resources,

like soils, plants,water, animals, and minerals and other useful resources provided by nature. The objective

of resource conservation is that resources should not be used at a rate greater than the rate of their

replacement. Natural resources are of great utility - biological, economic, and recreational. Hence, there is

a need to conserve them for the future generations.

There is a growing concern worldwide regarding natural resources. The rapid speed at which they are

being used stems the fear that they would soon become scarce and beyond the reach of a common man. As

such, there is an ever increasing emphasis on conservation of natural resources so that even our future

generations can benefit from them.

Historically, India has always respected Nature. This is evident in the form of worship of various life forms

such as trees tulsi, peepal etc and animals such as cows and snakes. Even non-living forms such as

mountains (like Kailash Parbat) and rivers ( such as Ganga, Yamuna) too have been worshipped. In recent

times, mass movements have been launched for the conservation of our natural resources. Chipko

movement is one such movement where women of Gopaleshwar village in Garhwal would hug the trees to

prevent them from being cut down. This lead to conservation of 12000 square area of water catchment

area.

GREEN ECONOMY

An economy is called Green economy when it is based on the principles of sustainable

development. Reduction of environmental risks is the primary goal of Green economy. The

main focus is to ensure economic growth without harming the environment.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) defines a green economy as one that

results in “improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing

environmental risks and ecological scarcities”. The challenge is to find approaches to

environmental management that give people the quality of life they seek while protecting the

environmental systems that are also the foundations of our well being. A Green Economy is

based on three parameters : sustaining and advancing economic, environmental and social

well-being.

The transition from traditional market economy to green economy is driven by the fact that

the Earth is reaching its limits of natural resources such as forests and fossil fuels. The

environmental and social costs of our current economic model are becoming more and more

apparent. If we continue to exploit it any further without showing any appreciation for our

environment, then we might soon have to face catastrophic environmental impacts which

would make human survival impossible.

Many countries are now drawing up plans and strategies to protect environment. Following

are some examples of such countries.

1. China too has been plagued by many environmental issues owing to its large population

and less policy controls for conserving environment. However in recent years the awareness

regarding environmental issues has increased and the government has started many initiatives

for environment copnsservation. For example, in 2010, China increased its total installed

wind capacity by 64% in 2010. The move was aimed at reducing dependence on traditional

non-renewable energy sources.

2. Korea started a five year programme for green growth in 2013. Under this program, 2% of

GDP was allocated for investment in several green sectors such as renewable energy, energy

efficiency, clean technology and water. The government has also launched the Global Green

Growth Institute which aims to help countries (especially developing countries) develop green

growth strategies.

IMPORTANCE OF GREEN ECONOMY

1. Green economy promotes sustainable development

2. Green economy promotes effective resource utilization

References:

1. https://www.indiacelebrating.com/essay/environment-essay/

2. https://you.stonybrook.edu/environment/sample-page/

3.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323943659_Ecological_Imbalances_Causes_ and_Consequences

4. https://www.wri.org/blog/2011/04/qa-what-green-economy-0

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