ACTIVITIES REPORT OF BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ... · For research and development related...

ACTIVITIES REPORT OF BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT AND

TRAINING CENTER (BDTC), KIIT UNIVERSITY,

BHUBANESWAR FOR 2012-13

Year: 2012-2013

BDTC, KIIT University, BHUBANESWAR

Annual activity report of BDTC, KIIT, Bhubaneswar of 19

OVERVIEW

The KIIT University Biogas Development and Training Center (BDTC), Bhubaneswar was

sanctioned by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy vide letter No. F.No. 10-18/2009-

R&D/BE, with the broad objectives set for overall development of Biogas and Manure

Management Programme (NBMMP) through research as well as extension activities. The center

is operational since the fiscal year 2010-11 with a team of professionals like Mr P.K. Mohanty

(Project Officer), Mr Sanjay K. Ojha (Sr. Research Fellow), Mr Vijay K. Malesu (Jr. Research

Fellow), and Mr Biswajit Paikray (MTA) at Bhubaneswar, guided and supervised by Dr. Snehasish

Mishra, Associate Professor, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University as Investigator, and Dr.

Mrutyunjay Suar, Director, KIIT School of Biotechnology as Programme Coordinator. The detail

activity report for the financial year 2012-13 is stated below:

REPORT ON THE FIELD ACTIVITIES

1. DETAILS OF TRAININGS CONDUCTED PHYSICAL PROGRESS UNDER TRAINING

Name of the Training Achievement Remarks Users Training Programme 03 In all, 30 participants successfully

completed the course

Construction-cum-Maintenance Training Programme

01 In all, 10 participants successfully completed the course

A) CMC/Refresher Training Courses: An NGO Ambikeswari Youbak Sangha of Cuttack district of

Odisha was associated as event partner to execute the programmes. Ten local masons of Mahanga block,

Cuttack were trained. During the trainings, 10 Deenbandhu Model biogas plants were taken up. The

details of the trainings and the photocopies of the relevant documents are attached. List of participants,

list of plants constructed and photographs taken in the programme are annexed (Annexure A).

B) User’s courses: Only three numbers of User’s training programmes could be conducted in

different villages in Cuttack district of Odisha. The trainings were conducted by associating BDTC

professionals, OREDA Technicians, representatives of different NGOs, Sarpanchs etc, the details

with regard to which are at Annexure B.

The major constraint to successfully execute the programmes was the timely non-availability of

funds. It is further intimated that, funds up to the fiscal year 2011-12 has been sanctioned in

March 2013. Hence, practically there is no balance fund/advance available to execute the

future programmes for the current financial year.


i) REPORT ON PUBLICITY AND COMMUNICATION MATERIAL PRODUCED AND THEIR CIRCULATION:

Nothing specific has been done. A novel scheme has been prepared and is under review. On

successful completion it will be submitted to MNRE for necessary sanction and approval.

ii) REPORT ON PERFORMANCE EVALUTION OF NEW MODEL OF BIOGAS PLANTS :-

One Syntex Model Floating Dome biogas plant has been set up for evaluation of performance.

iii) REPORT ON FIELD TRIALS/DEMONSTRATATION OF VARIOUS MODELS INCLUDING NEW MODELS AS

APPROVED BY MNRE:

Under review; Only Deenbandhu Model executed by OREDA has been evaluated at field level.

iv) REPORT ON FIELD PERFORMANCE OF BIOGAS PLANTS INSTALLED UNDER NBMMP IN THE

RESPECTIVE STATE JURIDISCTION INDICATING FUNCTIONALITYAND ALSO TO SUGGEST VARIOUS

MEASURES FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT:-

KIIT University, Bhubaneswar has been allotted with Odisha and Andhra Pradesh states under NBMMP

implementation and performance evaluation of biogas plants installed through different implementing

agencies. Although it is a commendable effort of MNRE for successful implementation of the programme

practically it is not at par of the essence of the programme due to existing bottlenecks such as:

Non provision of mobility for evaluation at field level.

Since the biogas plants are constructed at remote parts and various sites without mobility facility

verification in its true sense is next to impossible.

Suggestions:-

It should be mandatory to provide list of beneficiaries by implementing agency within 3-6 months of

reported completed biogas plants to concerned BDTCs.

Coordination has to be maintained through talks and meetings. Representative of BDTC should be

called to the review meetings of the implementing agencies to participate and finalize programme

of evaluation at least quarterly.

At least one officer of the nodal agency be present during evaluation so that proper evaluation can

be made and the vehicle of the nodal agency can best be utilized while performing other allied work

of the nodal agency.

v) SUGGESTION, TECHNICAL SUPPORT, TRAINING etc. PROVIDED TO NBMMP IMPLEMENTING

AGENCIES/DEPARTMENTS AND KVIC FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS FACED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION

The programme is being implemented through different agencies under state nodal agencies since

inception. It is a stabilised programme. The BDTCs are ready to extend necessary cooperation as and


when required. The new innovations and skills are at laboratory stage. Those will definitely be

transformed to field level on its successful evaluation and testing.

vi) REPORT ON RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT RELATING TO SCIENTIFICALLY

IMPROVED DESIGNS OF BIOGAS PLANTS, UTILISATION OF BIOGAS PLANT WASTE SLURRY AS

STANDALONE ORGANIC MANURES / BIO ORGANIC MIXED MANURE , IMPROVED SANITATION etc.

WITHIN AFFORDABLE COST AND APPROPRIATE TO USER REQUIREMENTS :-

Research infrastructure developed:

For research and development related activities the Biogas development training centre lab

was set-up. The instruments which were proposed have been purchased and their details

have already been mention in utilization certificate. Lab has fascinated with digester of

different sizes for lab scale study i.e 2, 5 and 20 lit. We also have set up instrumentation

facility involved in measuring quality and quantity of substrate and biogas.

Physicochemical study:

The pH is measured using a digital pH meter (SD Fine). Gas chromatography (Nucon, 5700) is

employed to measure the quality of methane, CO2 and H2S. The VFA protocol has been

standardized according to Hemakrishna et al. (2010) with some modifications. Various other

physiochemical parameters have been standardized which are critical factor for biogas

generation like Organic Carbon, DO, Nitrogen, phosphate, TS, TDS, Carbonate etc.

REPORT ON RESEARCH (Lab) ACTIVITIES

Scientifically improved designs of biogas plants, utilisation of biogas plant waste slurry as standalone organic manures/bioorganic mixed manure, improved sanitation etc. within

affordable cost and appropriate to user requirements

Anaerobic degradation is the way that microorganisms degrade organic material in order to get

energy but most of the energy convert to methane and thus not become available to the

microbes. About 90% of the energy converted to methane, 5% is lost as heat and 5% is available

for cell maintenance and growth. The low biomass yield from anaerobic treatment and the

retention of the energy in the methane are advantages of the anaerobic digestion. But low

biomass also is a problem during anaerobic treatment because microorganisms have a low

growth rate that makes them vulnerable and sensitive to changes. Anaerobic degradation occurs


by several kinds of microbes and is complex process. In this process specialized microorganisms

consume wastes as the result degradation of waste material will be faster. By creating good

operation conditions and removing the limiting factors in order to optimizing microorganisms

growth also by improving process monitoring the result would be more efficient operation and is

allowed waste treatment at higher rate

The lab set-up under BDTC programme in the School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, with all

basic instrument facilities and required equipments for biogas production and testing, is a fully

functional lab now. After working on different lab scale (2, 5, 20 lit) digesters work was also

carried out on 0.2 M3 and 1.0 M3 biogas plants. These biogas plants were installed in-campus for

regular monitoring. On the next stage, different waste products were tested for their methane

production potentials. Some parameters which solely or partially control the biogas production

have been standarised in lab to facilitate obtaining clear information on the process.

As is known, specialised microorganisms consume wastes in this process thereby facilitating and

expediting the biodegradation process. By creating good operation conditions and optimising the

microbial growth conditions, results would be more reproducible on the field, and hence we are

focused on the same. The list of parameters and their analysis results (for digested and raw

substrate) are mentioned below in Table 1.

Table 1. Physicochemical status of raw (0th day) and digested (30th day) kitchen refuse

Sl. No. Parameters Units Raw substrate Digestate

1. Moisture % 81 98 2. Dry matter % 19 1.2 3. TDS ppm 2370 1890 4. Conductivity mmhos/cm 3.40 3.30 5. Salinity ppt 7.3 6.9 6. Alkalinity ppm 350 500 7. Carbonate ppm 300 369 8. Phosphate ppm 163 129 9. Nitrogen % 1.83 -

10. Nitrite ppm 84 45 11. Organic carbon % 28 3.6 12. COD ppm 12 09 13. C/N ratio - 15.3 -

Selection and isolation of bacterial strain B. aryabhatti KIIT BE-1: Microbes from the digestate

and the digestor samples were isolated and screened for enzymatic activities at regualr time

intervals. Around 125 strains were screened and some hitherto unreported promising strains


appreciably exhibiting both the celluase and amylase activities were discovered. The rationale for

screening against cellulase and amylase was that, the kitchen waste substrate as an alternate

input for the biogasifier mainly constitutes cellullosic and starchy materials.

The samples were serially diluted and streaked on the nutrient agar medium (2.0% peptone,

1.0% yeast extract, 1.0% NaCl, and 1.5% agar; pH 7.0). For screening, the isolated bacterial

colonies appearing on the plate were transferred to medium II that contained 1.0% soluble

starch, 0.2% yeast extract, 0.5% peptone, 0.1% MgSO4, 0.1% NaCl, 0.02% CaCl2, and 2% agar, and

a pH of 7.0. These cultures were incubated at 37C for 48h. Amylase producing colonies were

selected by flooding the media plates with iodine solution. CMC was used instead of starch for

cellulase assay, and Congo Red was used to visualise the clear zone. The microbes were screened

for various enzymatic activities and were characterised on the basis of their colony

characteristics and biochemical reactions. Third party molecular study was carried-out to

decipher its sequence. Based on the sequence the isolate has been identified as a novel strain of

the genus Bacillus aryabhattai, as strain KIIT BE1, which has been reported and submitted to the

NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnology Information). The strain reporting has been assigned an

Accession Number- KC610087.1.

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree analysis of Bacillus aryabhattai strain KIIT BE1

Maintaining similar physicochemical conditions, a biomethanation potential (BMP) experiment

was performed wherein the above isolated microbe was used as an innoculum. The experiment

would need repetition as some valuable results were missed due to the digester failure owing to

undiscovered technical reasons. This experiment was performed as a part of the dissertation

work of one M.Phil. (Zool.) student from the Ravenshaw University, Cuttack.


Fig. 2. Bacillus aryabhattai strain KIIT BE1 exhibiting Gram’s staining and cellulase activity

Further, Bacillus tequilensis, another digester isolate promising good amylase as well as cellulase

activities together is under final investigation, and gene sequencing. Although it has been

primarily sequenced and its 16sRNA sequence has been generated, but still has to elucidated,

clarified, and validated. The sequencing is being done through a third party, and the dry lab

crosschecking with regard to the authenticity of the same is being done in the lab here with the

help of various bioinformatics tools.

Fig. 3. Lab scale digester and collection unit for BMP measurement of P. hysterophorus

Some weed plants other than regular household wastes also fall in ‘waste’ category. The

biomethane potential of Parthenium hysterophorus, an abundantly growing invasive local weed

and a toxic plant was investigated. BMP, the methane producing capacity of a substrate, helps in

determining the methane present from the total amount of biogas produced as percentage.

Reactions were carried out in lab-scale bioreactors for a time period of about 30 days

maintaining a temperature of 37°C. It was noticed that, P. hysterophorus as substrate yields up to

62% methane from leaves and 58% methane from the stem during the peak production days.


It was maintained an optimal pH (7.5-6.0) range for methanation as per standard protocols. The

inorganic phosphorus and the total organic carbon decreased as more methane was produced.

This plant has a high nitrate content which might be the reason for its being poisonous.

Biogasification of the leaves were noticed highest between 3rd through the 6th day, and then 15th

through the 18th day, whereas in stem it peaked between 3rd through the 5th day, and then 19th

through the 22nd day. Total cumulative gas collected in leaves was 2853.5 ml/kg (wet biomass),

and with the stem it was 3330.5 ml/kg (wet biomass). A standard accepted BMP of a substrate is

50-70%; thus, P. hysterophorus is concluded as good candidate substrate for biogas production.

Fig. 4. Total Biogas, CH4 (%) and Total CH4 from P. hysterophorus leaves during BMP analysis

Fig. 5. Total Biogas, CH4 (%) and total CH4 from P. hysterophorus stem during BMP analysis

A Comparative biogasification study of conventional and a nonconventional substrate, i.e., one

containing household kitchen waste (KW) only, the other cow dung (CD) only, and the third one

with a mixture of kitchen waste and cow dung (KC) in equal proportions has also been carried

out. Three mini (1.25 L capacity) indigenously designed anaerobic digesters were employed for

the purpose. A constant temperature (37°C) and pH (7.0) were maintained throughout the study,

and the gas thus produced was collected through downward displacement of water. On-line gas


chromatography of the constituents and percent methane exhibited a maximal (63% in CD and

68% in KC) percent methane yield on the 21st day, whereas it was only 23% by 28th day in KW.

Thus, cow dung played a decisive role in biogasification. Such study provides leads to develop

prototype that consumes less cow-dung, and works as much efficiently with alternate substrates.

Fig. 6. GC graphs showing methane, CO2, H2S in kitchen-waste-produced biogas on 7th (A), 14th (B), 21st (C), 28th (D) day during a 30-days trial. As per the graphs there was CO2 production only, on 7th and 14th day

without methane, and there was methane along with CO2, and traces of H2S on the 21st and 28th day

Fig. 7. GC graphs of CH4, CO2, H2S conc. on 7th (A), 14th (B), 21st (C), 28th (D) day during 30-days study. CH4 peak was seen on the 14th day, traces being recorded from the 7th day onwards

Fig. 8. GC graphs of CH4, CO2, H2S conc. on 7th (A), 14th (B), 21st (C), 28th (D) day in KC in 30-day study. A small CH4 peak was seen on 14th day whereas appreciable levels of CH4 with H2S traces

were noticed on 21st and 28th day. CO2 was readily produced throughout the study

A

C

B

D

A

C

B

D

A

C

B

D


RESEARCH RELATED PHOTOS

Fig. 9. On-campus installation of 1.0 cm3 floating dome plant and gas accumulation (right)

Fig. 10. Dual-burner gas stove burning on gas from the plant, and the Biogas Analyser (right) N.B.: The heat of the flame was not so strong compared to the 1.0 cm

3

plant, attributable to the low methane content, and low pressure build-up - could be an occasional phenomenon

Fig. 11. 0.2 cm3 plant installed on-campus; the gas volume was measured by gas flow meter (right-top)


ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONS:- a. Manpower engaged vis-à-vis sanctioned strength during 2012-13

Sl. No. Type of Manpower Sanctioned strength (Nos.)

Actually engaged

Remarks

1 Project Officer 1 1

2 Senior Research Fellow 1 1

3 Junior Research Fellow 1 1

4 MTA/Mason 2 2

b. Expenditure incurred during the year 2012-13 against the approved item of sanction.

Sl. No. Sanctioned Budget Head Expenditure During 2012-13

Remark

1 Equipment

2 Consumables

3 Manpower

4 Travel

5 Training/Field dem. Rs.41,000.00 payment is due towards trainings conducted in 2012-13

6 Overhead Expenses

TOTAL

c. Projected expenditure on manpower for the approved staff strength for year 2013-14.

Rs. 13,00,000.00 is the expected expenditure on manpower for the year 2013-14.

d. Any other information related to NBMMP and activities performed and its desired impact in field.

A range of works planned to be carried out during the current financial year could not be

accomplished to its fullest owing to non-availability of funds in time to implement them. Thus,

gaps may be visible here-and-there. It is earnestly appealed to the MNRE to kindly arrange in

future to release the funds in time for the smooth and timely completion of the planned work as

per the set mandate. Discrepancies, if any, in the UC or related documents (a major attributed

reason for the delay) may be brought to the notice of the investigator/responsible officials

immediately at the earliest to initiate and expedite action at their end.


ANNEXURE A

Name of Training: Construction cum Maintenance Training (Masons training Programme) Period (1) : 15.03.2013 to 24.03.2013 Venue : At /Po – GOPALPUR Block – MAHANGA District- CUTTACK LIST OF MASONS TRAINED

Sl. No. Name of Mason Father’s Name Address Remarks

1. Umesh Chandra Bala Kulamani Bala At: Artamula, PO: Chandol, Dist: Kendrapada

2. Gauranga Charan Das Alekha Charan Das At/Po-Ostapur Dist-Cuttack

3. Pradipta Kumar Das Bishnu Charan Das At-Bhanuria Po-pallisahi Dist-Cuttack

4. Ganga Dhara Baral Nrusingha Charan Baral At/Po- Kurujanga Dist-Cuttack

5. Gauranga Charan Sahoo

Niranjan Sahu At/Po- Kurujanga Dist-Cuttack

6. Satrughana Nath Jagabandhu Nath At/Po- Kurujanga Dist-Cuttack

7. Kailash Chandra Raut Dijabara Raut At/Po- Kurujanga Dist-Cuttack

8. Rabindra Swain Sudam Ch. Swain At/Po- Kurujanga Dist-Cuttack

9. Prasanta Kumar Sahu Kangali Charan Sahu At/Balia Pada, Po: Khanda Sahi Dist-Cuttack

10. Ananta Charan Raut Sukadeb Rout AtOukhanda Po-Kurujanga District-Cuttack


ANNEXURE B: DETAILS OF BIOGAS PLANTS TAKEN UP DURING THE TRAINING

Sl. No. Name Address Remarks

1. Sri Bijan Kumar Sethy S/o Niranjan Sethy

At/Po-GOPALPUR, Dist-Cuttack

2. Sri Shyam Sundar Sethy S/O Krushna Chandra Sethy


3. Sri Subash Chandra Sethy S/O Bishnu Ch. Sethy


4. Sri Ramesh Chandra Sethy S/O Bishnu Ch. Sethy


5. Sri Ananta Charan Sethy S/o Harekrishna Sethy


6. Sri Dasarathi Das W/o Haladhara Das


7. Sri Ranjan Kumar Das S/o Bharamara Bara Das


8. Sri Bholi Sethy S/O Nabaghana Sethy


9. Sri Kuna Kandi S/O Dologobinda Kandi

At-Sabal Kana, Po- Kurujanga, District-Cuttack

10. Sri Tuna Kandi S/O Dhula Kandi

At-Sabal Kana, Po- Kurujanga, District-Cuttack


ANNEXURE C: DETAILS OF USER’s TRAINING CONDUCTED

Sl. No. VILLAGE DATE Block District Remark

1. Tental Pur 15.03.2013 Nischinta Koili Cuttack

2. Balia Pada 16.03.2013 Nischinta Koili Cuttack

3. Gopalpur 17.03.2013 Mahanga Cuttack


ANNEXURE D: SOME TRAINING PHOTOGRAPHS

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