Active network

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Service-enabled Service-enabled NetworksNetworks

From The Network to My Network

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Four wheels tractionFour wheels tractionCAGR to 2001

Internet TelephonyInternet Telephony Bring more quality

Optical InternetOptical InternetBring more capacity

eBusinesseBusinessBring faster cycle times

Wireless InternetWireless InternetExtend reach

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What’s the scoopWhat’s the scoop—the techies’ —the techies’ viewview

TTM and product cycles make software reuse a must—enough stovepipes, layers are back with a vengeance!

Very high-value traffic coexists with low value, low pay off traffic, all within the same commodity infrastructure

Increasingly, “impedance mismatches” in the network generate opportunities for intelligent edge adaptation

Standardization lags behind the mighty innovation curve— the IETF process hardly matches a trillion dollar business

Network wires are now much faster than I/O busses—it’s time to bring the optical revolution into servers/storage

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What’s the scoopWhat’s the scoop—the biz view—the biz view

ASPs and eBiz test the market for new services, non stop— many fail, but they’ve thrown a monkey-wrench into the net

Customers demand new soft features in network gear—manufacturers cannot keep up with fast (contrasting) reqs

Personalized customer care stipulations are strategic for customer expansion and customer loyalty

Hardware innovations are fueling a steep innovation curve— what a great time for disruptive technologies to snowball!

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Inflection points we left behind Inflection points we left behind (1)(1)

Voice & Data Capacity in MbpsVoice & Data Capacity in MbpsSource: Mutooni & Tennenhouse, MIT, Jan 1998Source: Mutooni & Tennenhouse, MIT, Jan 1998

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Inflection points we left behind Inflection points we left behind (2)(2)

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Agg

rega

te B

andw

idth

(MB

/s)

Ethernet

Internet Backbone

1 Gbit/s

OC 192

T3

I/O Buses

10 Gbit/s

7

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006

hosts mobiles

Glo

bal I

nter

net H

osts

(000

s) 1

989-

2006

360 Million users

Source: Vint Cerf, MCI Worldcom, Jan 2000Source: Vint Cerf, MCI Worldcom, Jan 2000

Inflection points ahead of us (1)Inflection points ahead of us (1)

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Incomplete transformation; the inflection point is quickly approaching …

Cisco Nortel Juniper 3Com

Network &Mgmt services

EmbeddedOS

System

ASICs

‘00 Vertical Network Industry Horizontal Network Industry

Inflection points ahead of us (2) Inflection points ahead of us (2)

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2000’sThin Client Thick Server

2001’sThin Client Thick Server

1996-2000Thick Client Thick Server

1970-1985Dumb Terminal

Mainframe

1986-1995Thick Client Thin Server

2001’sThin Client

Smart Network

Server FarmsData Farms

Inflection points ahead of us (3) Inflection points ahead of us (3)

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Kiss “The Network” Goodbye!!!Kiss “The Network” Goodbye!!!

How about a “white-sheet” network with nodes exposing programmable control to 3rd party code?

How about passing on to entrepreneurs and service providers the freedom to formulate the high pay-off services for which they have found a market

For this, we will need new levels of abstraction

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Fred Smith invented the FedEx business in 1973, after recognizing the significance of predictable movement of packages. Smith has always used the same roads, airports, cars, and types of planes as the U.S. Postal Service … but he has programmed his own resources to work in a novel way

Much like …Much like …

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terminals in airports, railways, roads

fleet, personnel

parcels

AnalogyAnalogy

APIs and resources in telephones, routers, switches

Ubiquitous, shrink-wrapped software

PDUs (meeting the various SLAs)

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Service samplerService samplerEntrepreneurs will run code inside the network for:

—Ad-hoc routing or policy definition for VPNs

—New protocol versions or features deployment

—Multicast protocols and support tools instantiation

—Stateful packet capturing; “intrusion detectors with legs”

—Intentional directory services

—Content-sensitive load balancing and caching

—Diagnostic agents (e.g., for loops, SLAs infringements, etc.)

—Customizable IP Accounting (e.g., to support “pay-for-what-u-use”)

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1) Brake! 2) ABS

detect lockups and will pump

brakes

ABS brakes are a Turing machine exploiting locality

Why inside the network and not Why inside the network and not e2e?e2e?

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Why inside the network and not Why inside the network and not e2e? (2)e2e? (2)

Fan-in/fan-out

Centralization/De-centralization

Visibility

Affinity with data that only lives in the network

Localization

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Location, location, locationLocation, location, locationService-enablement will prove most effective

where “impedance mismatches” occur in the network

— Wireline vs. wire-less

— Secure vs. non-secure

— Customer-premises vs. Content-provider-land

— SLA (x) vs. SLA (y)

— Low TCO vs. High TCO

— Resource-constrained vs. unwashed unlimited computing

A service-enabled box can wear multiple hats

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Where have you gone, network Where have you gone, network layer?layer?

Physical

Link

NetworkTransport

Session

Presentation

Application

1

23

4

567

Physical

Link

NetworkTransport

Session

Presentation

Application

1

23

4

567

1

23

old

wor

ld

routers

Physical

Link

NetworkTransport

Session

Presentation

Application

1

23

4

567

Physical

Link

NetworkTransport

Session

Presentation

Application

1

23

4

567

new

wor

ld

edgerouter(few)

1

22.5

routingswitch(many)

12

2.5

routingswitch(many)

12

3.54567

prox

ies

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Emancipation of aEmancipation of arouterrouter

It all started from old-world, vertically-integrated code

ASICs/Processors

ProprietaryApps

ProprietaryNOS

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11stst Degree of emancipation Degree of emancipation

Introverted APIs emergeModular code is native, local, and trusted. WAT port required

ASICs/Processors

Forwarding Engine

Sys t

em S

erv i

ces

F ram

ewo r

k

RoutingProtocol

1N

RoutingTableManager

Forwarding EngineInterface

SystemManager

ManagementInterfaceAgents

1N

M

MM

N

O1

ON

C

C

FC

1N

FM

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2nd Degree of emancipation2nd Degree of emancipation

Extroverted APIs expose object capabilities to ISV codeISV code is a local, native, and trusted .DLL; loaded WAT

Intr

over

ted

API

s

APIs

ASICs/Processors

Forwarding Engine

Syste

m S

ervic

es F

ramew

ork Routing

Protocol

1N

RoutingTableManager


SystemManager


1N

M

MM

N

O1

ON

C

C

FC

1N

FM

Ext

rove

rted

A

PIs

ISV’s SoftwareISV’s Software

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3th Degree of emancipation3th Degree of emancipation

Extroverted APIs extend a commodity Java runtime ISV code is local/non-local, non native, non trusted, and is

loaded on demand

Ext

rove

rted

A

PIs

Intr

over

ted

API

s

APIs

ASICs/Processors

Forwarding Engine

Syste

m Se

rv ice

s Fram

ewo rk

RoutingProtocol

1N

RoutingTableManager


SystemManager


1N

M

MM

NO1

ON

C

C

FC

1N

FM

JVM

JAPIs


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4th Degree of emancipation4th Degree of emancipation

ISV code is local/non-local, non native, non trusted, loaded on demand, and can teleport itself

Ext

rove

rted

A

PIs

Intr

over

ted

API

s

APIs

ASICs/Processors

Forwarding Engine

Syste

m Se

rv ice

s Fram

ewo rk

RoutingProtocol

1N

RoutingTableManager


SystemManager


1N

M

MM

NO1

ON

C

C

FC

1N

FM

JVM

JAPIs




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Top 5 Challenges to Service-Top 5 Challenges to Service-enablementenablement

What do the APIs look like

Scalability

Service guarantees

Security

“I’ve got a hammer and everything looks like a nail”

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Who’s looking into this?Who’s looking into this?Programmable Nodes community

Active Networks community

Akamai-like infrastructures

Jain

Intel’s Phoenix platform

Lucent’s softswitch

Nortel’ s openet.lab platform

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Programmable NodesProgrammable NodesCurrent Nodes

—Vertically integrated—Primitive scripting

Programmable Nodes—Manufacturers publish extroverted APIs—I can port code and extend such network nodes—Alternately, I can operate the APIs remotely—APIs’ target audience: Manufacturers, ISPs

References—IEEE P1520—Industry alliances

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Active NetworksActive NetworksCurrent Networks

—Data in the packet, program in the network nodes—Effective, but inflexible

Active Networks—The program travels with the packet, end-to-end—Flexible, but ... how about security, interoperability?—Most ambitious thus far—Target audience: ISPs, end-users

References—DARPA Active Networks

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Partial overlapPartial overlap

ActiveNetworks

ProgrammableNodes

Users extend routers

Manufacturers extend routers ISP extend

routers

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Nortel’s Openet.labNortel’s Openet.labIt’s an incubator for service-enabled network

nodes and sample services

It provides:— JVM-emancipated prototypes of Nortel routers— Java APIs to MIBs— Java APIs to Forwarding Planes, packet capturing— A runtime environment for downloaded code

It’s popular among researchers (DARPA, CSIRO, …)Free downloads from http://www.openetlab.com

http://www.openetlab.com/

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Service-enabled Network Flashcards (1)

Stockwatch ClientPresentation Objects

Stockwatch ServerBiz logic Objects

Intranet

Stock-history DBData Objects

Real-timeDatabase

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

Internet

ObjectDirectory

• Object Ref. Caching• Obj. Load-balancing

• Connection Pooling• Preferential QoS• Access Policy

• Push for DB Sync.

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Internet

Service Provider:- Directory- Bank- Etailer- ASP

P S T N

Internet


Content Provider

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Billing

Auditing

Planning

Surveillance

Census

Accounting Applications

higher goodput

higher goodput

Accounting ServerNetwork Nodes

Activated edge nodes are taught to prep accounting data and peer ad-hoc accounting

protocols


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ConclusionConclusion

Fast-paced innovations paint an optimal scenario for service-enablement in the network

Service-enablement is an effective way to overcome network “impedance mismatches”

It brings friend-services and friend-content closer; it pushes foes further away

Kiss The Network good bye. It’s My Network now!

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Closing remark

Back then, thrust wasn’t a problem; control wasLikewise, network bandwidth growth is just fine;

control does demand our collective efforts

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Q&AQ&A

Active network

Technology

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