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Chapter 9: DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

DNA and RNA are organic molecules. To which group of biomolecules do they belong?

1. Proteins

2. Carbohydrates

3. Lipids

4. Nucleic acids

DNA and RNA are organic molecules. To which group of biomolecules do they belong?

1. Proteins

2. Carbohydrates

3. Lipids

4. Nucleic acids

Which list is ordered from largest to smallest in size?

1. DNA, nucleotide, chromosome, gene

2. Nucleotide, DNA, gene, chromosome

3. Chromosome, gene, DNA, nucleotide

4. Gene, nucleotide, DNA, chromosome

Which list is ordered from largest to smallest in size?

1. DNA, nucleotide, chromosome, gene

2. Nucleotide, DNA, gene, chromosome

3. Chromosome, gene, DNA, nucleotide

4. Gene, nucleotide, DNA, chromosome

A scientist must test the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax, for resistance to the antibiotic Cipro. She has no Cipro with which to determine directly whether this Bacillus strain grows in its presence. How could she test the strain for resistance to Cipro?1. Infect a person with the bacterium, and see if the person

develops symptoms of anthrax.

2. Infect a person with the bacterium, and see if the person becomes resistant to Cipro.

3. Compare the genome (DNA) of a Cipro-resistant strain of Bacillus anthracis and that of a nonresistant strain.

4. Compare the proteome (proteins) of a Cipro-resistant strain of Bacillus anthracis and that of a nonresistant strain.

A scientist must test the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax, for resistance to the antibiotic Cipro. She has no Cipro with which to determine directly whether this Bacillus strain grows in its presence. How could she test the strain for resistance to Cipro?

1. Infect a person with the bacterium, and see if the person develops symptoms of anthrax.

2. Infect a person with the bacterium, and see if the person becomes resistant to Cipro.

3. Compare the genome (DNA) of a Cipro-resistant strain of Bacillus anthracis and that of a nonresistant strain.

4. Compare the proteome (proteins) of a Cipro-resistant strain of Bacillus anthracis and that of a nonresistant strain.

If a bacterium causes pneumonia, what would you expect of its offspring?

1. They would die of pneumonia.

2. They would lose the ability to cause pneumonia.

3. They would also cause pneumonia.

4. They would infect other bacteria with pneumonia.

If a bacterium causes pneumonia, what would you expect of its offspring?

1. They would die of pneumonia.

2. They would lose the ability to cause pneumonia.

3. They would also cause pneumonia.

4. They would infect other bacteria with pneumonia.

Question 9-4

You know the nucleotide sequence of only one strand of DNA: ATGCCGAATCGATCCA. How many total thymine nucleotides were in the original double strand of DNA?

1. 6

2. 7

3. 8

4. 9

5. 10

6. 11

7. 12

8. 13

9. 14

10.15

You know the nucleotide sequence of only one strand of DNA: ATGCCGAATCGATCCA. How many total thymine nucleotides were in the original double strand of DNA?

1. 6

2. 7

3. 8

4. 9

5. 10

6. 11

7. 12

8. 13

9. 14

10.15

Compare DNA structure with a ladder: The uprights are ________, and the rungs are ________.

1. the sugar-nucleotide backbone; the phosphate bases

2. the sugar-phosphate backbone; the nucleotide bases

3. the nucleotide bases; the sugar-phosphate backbone

4. the nucleotide-phosphate backbone; the sugar bases

Compare DNA structure with a ladder: The uprights are ________, and the rungs are ________.

1. the sugar-nucleotide backbone; the phosphate bases

2. the sugar-phosphate backbone; the nucleotide bases

3. the nucleotide bases; the sugar-phosphate backbone

4. the nucleotide-phosphate backbone; the sugar bases

Question 9-6

Why do A-T and G-C form complementary base pairs according to Chargaff’s rule?

The DNA ladder’s rungs are the same width, so:

1. The larger A pairs with the smaller T, and the larger G pairs with the smaller C.

2. The larger T pairs with the smaller A, and the larger C pairs with the smaller G.

3. The larger A pairs with the smaller G, and the larger T pairs with the smaller C.

4. The larger C pairs with the smaller A, and the larger G pairs with the smaller T.

Why do A-T and G-C form complementary base pairs according to Chargaff’s rule?The DNA ladder’s rungs are the same width, so:

1. The larger A pairs with the smaller T, and the larger G pairs with the smaller C.

2. The larger T pairs with the smaller A, and the larger C pairs with the smaller G.

3. The larger A pairs with the smaller G, and the larger T pairs with the smaller C.

4. The larger C pairs with the smaller A, and the larger G pairs with the smaller T.

Question 9-7

How can only four nucleotide bases code for the vast number of proteins in living organisms?

1. The four bases are translated differently in different organisms.

2. There are billions of possible combinations of sequences of the four nucleotides.

3. All organisms have the same proteins.4. Mutations make the meaning of the

nucleotides different from their normal meaning.

Question 9-8

How can only four nucleotide bases code for the vast number of proteins in living organisms?

1. The four bases are translated differently in different organisms.

2. There are billions of possible combinations of sequences of the four nucleotides.

3. All organisms have the same genes.4. Mutations make the meaning of the

nucleotides different from their normal meaning.

What can you conclude about red blood cells, given that they do not have a nucleus?

1. They divide rapidly.

2. They undergo cell division only in the blood.

3. They cannot undergo cell division.

4. They cannot undergo cell division, but they can produce proteins.

Question 9-9

What can you conclude about red blood cells, given that they do not have a nucleus?

1. They divide rapidly.

2. They undergo cell division only in the blood.

3. They cannot undergo cell division.

4. They cannot undergo cell division, but they can produce proteins.

DNA replication is referred to as semiconservative replication, because the chromosomes of each daughter cell are composed of:

1. Two of the original parental strands of DNA.

2. Only the purines from the parental DNA.

3. All new DNA sequences.

4. One parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 9-10

DNA replication is referred to as semiconservative replication, because the chromosomes of each daughter cell are composed of:

1. Two of the original parental strands of DNA.

2. Only the purines from the parental DNA.

3. All new DNA sequences.

4. One parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 9-10

Environmental conditions can cause mutations. N-nitrosoamines, aniline, and benzo[a]pyrene have been found to mutate DNA. These substances are in:

1. Alcohol.

2. Cigarettes.

3. Tanning-booth rays.

4. Hair dye.

5. Cosmetics.

Environmental conditions can cause mutations. N-nitrosoamines, aniline, and benzo[a]pyrene have been found to mutate DNA. These substances are in:

1. Alcohol.

2. Cigarettes.

3. Tanning-booth rays.

4. Hair dye.

5. Cosmetics.

Do you smoke?

1. Yes, regularly.

2. Yes, once in a while.

3. No.

Which sequence shows a point mutation from the original DNA sequence AACGCAGTG?

1. AACCCAGTG

2. AACGCAGTG

3. TTGCGTCAC

4. UUGCGUCAC

Which sequence shows a point mutation from the original DNA sequence AACGCAGTG?

1. AACCCAGTG

2. AACGCAGTG

3. TTGCGTCAC

4. UUGCGUCAC

Which sequence shows an insertion mutation from the original DNA sequence AACGCAGTG?

1. AACGCAGTG

2. TTGCGTCAC

3. AATAGCGCAGTG

4. UUGCGUCUC

Which sequence shows an insertion mutation from the original DNA sequence AACGCAGTG?

1. AACGCAGTG

2. TTGCGTCAC

3. AATAGCGCAGTG

4. UUGCGUCUC