Active Learning Lecture Slides For use with Classroom Response Systems Chapter 4: Gathering Data...

Active Learning Lecture Slides For use with Classroom Response Systems

Chapter 4: Gathering Data

Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from

Second Edition

by Agresti/Franklin

4.1.1) A scientist was interested in determining if Prilosec or Nexium helped relieve acid reflux symptoms faster. He assigned 30 patients to take Prilosec and 30 patients to take Nexium. Each patient had to keep a diary and record the symptoms they experienced. Is this an observational study or an experiment?

a) Observational study

b) Experiment

4.1.1) A scientist was interested in determining if Prilosec or Nexium helped relieve acid reflux symptoms faster. He assigned 30 patients to take Prilosec and 30 patients to take Nexium. Each patient had to keep a diary and record the symptoms they experienced. Is this an observational study or an experiment?

b) Experiment

4.1.2) A scientist was interested in determining if Prilosec or Nexium helped relieve acid reflux symptoms faster. He assigned 30 patients to take Prilosec and 30 patients to take Nexium. Each patient had to keep a diary and record the symptoms they experienced. What is the explanatory variable?

a) 60 patientsb) Prilosec and Nexiumc) Diary of symptomsd) Diet

4.1.2) A scientist was interested in determining if Prilosec or Nexium helped relieve acid reflux symptoms faster. He assigned 30 patients to take Prilosec and 30 patients to take Nexium. Each patient had to keep a diary and record the symptoms they experienced. What is the explanatory variable?

a) 60 patientsb) Prilosec and Nexiumc) Diary of symptomsd) Diet

4.1.3) A nutrition student was interested in determining if eating fish twice a week or more helped reduce someone’s risk of cancer. He randomly selected 2,000 Americans and called them on the phone. He asked about their eating habits and their health history. What is the explanatory variable?

a) 2,000 Americans

b) Occurrence of cancer

c) Heredity

d) Amount of fish consumed

4.1.3) A nutrition student was interested in determining if eating fish twice a week or more helped reduce someone’s risk of cancer. He randomly selected 2,000 Americans and called them on the phone. He asked about their eating habits and their health history. What is the explanatory variable?

a) 2,000 Americans

b) Occurrence of cancer

c) Heredity

d) Amount of fish consumed

4.1.4) A breast cancer treatment researcher believes his new chemotherapy drug will kill a higher percentage of cancer cells than the current standard drug treatment. He takes 60 rats with breast cancer and randomly gives 30 of the rats the new drug treatment and gives the other 30 rats the current standard drug treatment. Is this an observational study or an experiment?

b) Experiment

4.1.4) A breast cancer treatment researcher believes his new chemotherapy drug will kill a higher percentage of cancer cells than the current standard drug treatment. He takes 60 rats with breast cancer and randomly gives 30 of the rats the new drug treatment and gives the other 30 rats the current standard drug treatment. Is this an observational study or an experiment?

b) Experiment

4.1.5) A school psychologist hypothesized that students who lived in urban areas rather than rural or suburban areas were more likely to abuse alcohol. High school seniors were surveyed from urban, suburban and rural areas of New York State and asked if they had ever had more than 4 alcoholic drinks in one evening. Is this an observational study or an experiment?

b) Experiment

4.1.5) A school psychologist hypothesized that students who lived in urban areas rather than rural or suburban areas were more likely to abuse alcohol. High school seniors were surveyed from urban, suburban and rural areas of New York State and asked if they had ever had more than 4 alcoholic drinks in one evening. Is this an observational study or an experiment?

b) Experiment

4.2.1) A person looks at an unfamiliar crowd of people and visually selects a sample of 30 individuals for a survey. This sample is an example of a…

a) Simple Random Sample

b) Stratified Sample

c) Unbiased Sample

d) Biased Sample

4.2.1) A person looks at an unfamiliar crowd of people and visually selects a sample of 30 individuals for a survey. This sample is an example of a…

a) Simple Random Sample

b) Stratified Sample

c) Unbiased Sample

d) Biased Sample

4.2.2) Suppose that the Gallup poll wanted to survey Americans to see what proportion felt that the President was doing a good job. Find the approximate margin of error for a sample of 3,000 people.

b) 2.5%

c) 1.83%

d) 1.24%

e) 0.03%

4.2.2) Suppose that the Gallup poll wanted to survey Americans to see what proportion felt that the President was doing a good job. Find the approximate margin of error for a sample of 3,000 people.

b) 2.5%

c) 1.83%

d) 1.24%

e) 0.03%

4.2.3) Many college students have cell phones rather than standard “land line” phones. This means that many of them are not contacted for telephone interviews. What type of bias is this?

a) Sampling bias due to undercoverage

b) Response bias

c) Nonresponse bias

d) Extrapolation

e) None of the above

4.2.3) Many college students have cell phones rather than standard “land line” phones. This means that many of them are not contacted for telephone interviews. What type of bias is this?

b) Response bias

c) Nonresponse bias

d) Extrapolation

e) None of the above

4.2.4) A criminal justice survey asked 100 people, “Do you feel the United States should have tighter gun control laws because the United States has a lot more violent crime than Europe and Canada?”. What type of bias is being described here?

b) Sampling bias due to sampling design

c) Response bias

d) Nonresponse bias

4.2.4) A criminal justice survey asked 100 people, “Do you feel the United States should have tighter gun control laws because the United States has a lot more violent crime than Europe and Canada?”. What type of bias is being described here?

b) Sampling bias due to sampling design

c) Response bias

d) Nonresponse bias

4.2.5) An internet survey on a well respected American news website asked, “Do you think that gay marriage should be legal?” and 100,000 people responded. Can this survey result be extended to the entire population of Americans?

a) Yes, it is a popular news site.

b) Yes, it is a very large sample.

c) Yes, everyone can access the Internet.

d) No, it is a convenience sample.

e) A and B

4.2.5) An internet survey on a well respected American news website asked, “Do you think that gay marriage should be legal?” and 100,000 people responded. Can this survey result be extended to the entire population of Americans?

a) Yes, it is a popular news site.

b) Yes, it is a very large sample.

c) Yes, everyone can access the Internet.

d) No, it is a convenience sample.

e) A and B

4.3.1) A researcher wanted to know if vitamin C had a protective effect against illness. Three hundred people were randomly divided into two groups: one group got a placebo and the other group got vitamin C. The number of sick days was recorded for each person. What is the explanatory variable?

a) Number of sick days

b) Placebo and vitamin C

c) Three hundred people

d) General health

4.3.1) A researcher wanted to know if vitamin C had a protective effect against illness. Three hundred people were randomly divided into two groups: one group got a placebo and the other group got vitamin C. The number of sick days was recorded for each person. What is the explanatory variable?

d) General health

4.3.2) A researcher wanted to know if vitamin C had a protective effect against illness. Three hundred people were randomly divided into two groups: one group got a placebo and the other group got vitamin C. The number of sick days was recorded for each person. What are the experimental units?

d) General health

4.3.2) A researcher wanted to know if vitamin C had a protective effect against illness. Three hundred people were randomly divided into two groups: one group got a placebo and the other group got vitamin C. The number of sick days was recorded for each person. What are the experimental units?

d) General health

4.3.3) Four hundred students are randomly selected to participate in a research project investigating study techniques. The students are divided evenly into four groups: one group is taught a method using outlining, another a method using flashcards, another a method using tutoring and the last group is encouraged to study how they normally would. What is the replication in this study?

a) 400

b) 100

4.3.3) Four hundred students are randomly selected to participate in a research project investigating study techniques. The students are divided evenly into four groups: one group is taught a method using outlining, another a method using flashcards, another a method using tutoring and the last group is encouraged to study how they normally would. What is the replication in this study?

a) 400

b) 100

4.3.4) An optical fiber manufacturer was testing a new design of fiber. The manufacturer placed 20 one yard segments in a freezer that went to -30o

C. After twenty four hours, each of the fibers was tested for strength. What are the experimental units?

a) -30o C

b) Twenty four hours

c) 20 one yard segments of optical fiber

d) Strength of the fiber

4.3.4) An optical fiber manufacturer was testing a new design of fiber. The manufacturer placed 20 one yard segments in a freezer that went to -30o

C. After twenty four hours, each of the fibers was tested for strength. What are the experimental units?

a) -30o C

b) Twenty four hours

c) 20 one yard segments of optical fiber

d) Strength of the fiber

4.3.5) What is a benefit of conducting a “double blind” experiment?

a) It eliminates the need to use random samples. b) It eliminates the need to randomly assign

treatments to participants in the study.c) It helps to reduce bias. d) It allows you to use smaller samples. e) It eliminates all possible lurking variables.

4.3.5) What is a benefit of conducting a “double blind” experiment?

a) It eliminates the need to use random samples. b) It eliminates the need to randomly assign

treatments to participants in the study.c) It helps to reduce bias. d) It allows you to use smaller samples. e) It eliminates all possible lurking variables.

4.4.1) An alternative medicine doctor wanted to determine if exercise and meditation could lower someone’s blood pressure level. Forty participants were randomly told to exercise 0 or 30 minutes a day and they were also randomly told to meditate for 0 or 15 minutes a day. What are the factors?

a) 40 participants

b) Blood pressure levels

c) Meditation and exercise

d) 0 or 30 minutes of exercise & 0 or 15 minutes of meditation

4.4.1) An alternative medicine doctor wanted to determine if exercise and meditation could lower someone’s blood pressure level. Forty participants were randomly told to exercise 0 or 30 minutes a day and they were also randomly told to meditate for 0 or 15 minutes a day. What are the factors?

a) 40 participants

b) Blood pressure levels

c) Meditation and exercise

d) 0 or 30 minutes of exercise & 0 or 15 minutes of meditation

4.4.2) An alternative medicine doctor wanted to determine if exercise and meditation could lower someone’s blood pressure level. Forty participants were randomly told to exercise 0 or 30 minutes a day and they were also randomly told to meditate for 0 or 15 minutes a day. How many treatments are there?

4.4.3) An alternative medicine doctor wanted to determine if exercise and meditation could lower someone’s blood pressure level. Forty participants were randomly told to exercise 0 or 30 minutes a day and they were also randomly told to meditate for 0 or 15 minutes a day. This experiment is a…

a) completely randomized design.

b) crossover design.

4.4.3) An alternative medicine doctor wanted to determine if exercise and meditation could lower someone’s blood pressure level. Forty participants were randomly told to exercise 0 or 30 minutes a day and they were also randomly told to meditate for 0 or 15 minutes a day. This experiment is a…

a) completely randomized design.

b) crossover design.

4.4.4) A university administrator wants to conduct a survey to examine textbook costs. The university has eight colleges (business, liberal arts, engineering, etc.) so the administrator samples 100 students from each college. This is an example of what type of sampling method?

a) Simple Random Sampling

b) Cluster Sampling

c) Stratified Random Sampling

4.4.4) A university administrator wants to conduct a survey to examine textbook costs. The university has eight colleges (business, liberal arts, engineering, etc.) so the administrator samples 100 students from each college. This is an example of what type of sampling method?

a) Simple Random Sampling

b) Cluster Sampling

c) Stratified Random Sampling

4.4.5) Is there a link between prostate cancer and heating meals in plastic containers in the microwave? Suppose 300 people with prostate cancer and 300 people of a similar age but without prostate cancer were asked if they heated food in the microwave in a plastic container. What type of observational study is this?

a) Cross Sectional

b) Case-Control

c) Prospective

4.4.5) Is there a link between prostate cancer and heating meals in plastic containers in the microwave? Suppose 300 people with prostate cancer and 300 people of a similar age but without prostate cancer were asked if they heated food in the microwave in a plastic container. What type of observational study is this?

a) Cross Sectional

b) Case-Control

c) Prospective

Active Learning Lecture Slides For use with Classroom Response Systems Chapter 4: Gathering Data...

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