ACTIVE AGEING INDEX, NEW EMPHASIS WITHIN THE SAME … · Employment rate 55-59 (25%) Voluntary...

ACTIVE AGEING INDEX, NEW

EMPHASIS WITHIN THE SAME

METHODOLOGY

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017

Sustainable, intelligent and inclusive

regional and city models

Éva Berde – Izabella Kuncz

SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON THE

ACTIVE AGEING INDEX

Bilbao, 27–28 September 2018

• Introduction

• Role of the ICT

• Weights of the ICT

• Outlook (Quality of the ICT)

• Results

OUTLINE EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –

Sustainable, intelligent and

inclusive regional and city

models

AGEING IN EUROPE AND IN OTHER

COUNTRIES – WELFARE QUESTIONS

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

• Questions regarding life quality of the elderly → surveys

are generally focusing on older people’s financial state,

health and satisfaction level. Active Ageing Index (AAI)

• AAI was published first in 2012, since then it has been

constructed in every 2 years. We have figures on AAI

2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, respectively

• AAI is a composite index, based on expert weights.

• Most of the composite indices are created with expert

weights, having been severely criticized → In our opinion

it represents immanent potential of ageing basically well,

giving sound direction to the politicians.

3

ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN AAI

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

Altogether

1.4%

4

Employment

(35%)

Participation in

society

(35%)

Independent,

healthy and secure

living

(10%)

Capacity and enabling

environment for

active and healthy

ageing

(20%)

Employment rate 55-59

(25%)

Voluntary activities

(25%)

Physical exercise

(10%)

Remaining life

expectancy at age 55

(33%)


(25%)

Care to children,

grandchildren

(25%)

Access to health and

dental care

(20%)

Share of healthy life

expectancy at age 55

(23%)


(25%)

Care to older adults

(30%)

Independent living

(20%)

Mental well-being

(17%)


(25%)

Political participation

(20%)

Financial security

(30%)

Use of ICT

(7%)

Physical safety

(10%)

Social connectedness

(13%)

Lifelong learning

(10%)

Educational

attainment

(7%) Source: Zaidi et al. (2013)

THE INTERNET HAS BEEN GAINING

IMPORTANCE IN EVERY ASPECT OF LIFE

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

• Large number of services have become available

online

• Sources of supplementary income can be reached

• Financial transactions and buying goods can be

managed from home

• Making appointment at doctor is pretty simple

• Finding virtual company became easy (then

finding real company)

• Etc.

5

THE USE OF THE INTERNET IS

INCREASING QUICKLY

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

6

The rate of EU 28 internet users from the 25-54 and 55-74 age groups who use the

internet at least once a week. Source: Eurostat (2018).

57 63

68 73

76 78 80 83 85

88 89

24 28

32 36

39 43

46 50

53 57

60

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

%

25-54 years 55-74 years

• Djurovic et al. (2017): statistical estimation method (Composite

I-distance Indicator, CIDI)

• Our five-domain case: Use of ICT is in a separate 5th domain

with higher weights, relative weights of the rest of the variables

and domains were unchanged

WEIGHTS OF THE INTERNET

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

7

Original

weights

Djurovic et al.

(2017)

Five-domain

case

Weights of ICT 20%∙7%= 1.4% 33%∙22%=7.26% 20%

COUNTRY RANKINGS IN 2018 EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

Original

weights

Djurovic

et al.

(2017)

Five-

domain

case

Original

weights

Djurovic

et al.

(2017)

Five-

domain

case

Sweden 1 1 1 Latvia 15 21 15

Denmark 2 2 2 Malta 16 13 14

Netherlands 3 3 3 Italy 17 18 18

United Kingdom 4 5 4 Spain 18 14 16

Finland 5 4 5 Lithuania 19 24 21

Germany 6 7 7 Portugal 20 17 22

Ireland 7 6 11 Slovakia 21 20 19

France 8 9 8 Bulgaria 22 22 25

Estonia 9 12 10 Slovenia 23 19 23

Belgium 10 8 9 Poland 24 25 24

Czech Republic 11 15 13 Hungary 25 23 20

Austria 12 11 12 Romania 26 27 27

Cyprus 13 16 17 Croatia 27 26 26

Luxembourg 14 10 6 Greece 28 28 28

Year Djurovic et al. (2017) Five-domain case

2010 3.36 2.36

2012 2.36 2.43

2014 2.14 2.21

2016 2.07 1.79

2018 1.93 1.50

DECREASING AVERAGE ABSOLUTE

DIFFERENCES

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

𝑅 =1

𝑀 |𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐶𝐼𝑐 − 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘(𝐶𝐼𝑐)|

𝑀

𝑐=1

Average shift in country rankings:

OUTLOOK – OR SOME RESULTS

AFTER HANDING OUT THE PAPER

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

Remarks

• Does the internet use really matter when we

have many other categories?

• If internet usage will become like literacy, does it

count whether people use it?

• See the purpose of internet usage!

COUNTRY RANKINGS WITH

SIMULATED ICT VALUES

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

Original weigths Weigths of Djurovic et al.

(2017)

• Internet activities from Eurostat ICT Survey

– Job search

– Learning

– Online banking

– Etc.

• Higher standard deviation, higher differences

between countries

QUALITY OF ICT EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

• Weights have to adjust to the changes in

everyday life of the elderly.

• Weights of ICT should be increased in AAI.

– Expert weights

– Statistical methods

• More attention should be paid to quality of

internet usage.

CONCLUSIONS EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION!

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 – Sustainable,

intelligent and inclusive regional and city models

REFERENCES

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

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Djurovic, I., Jeremic, V., Bulajic, M., & Dobrota, M. (2017). A

Two-Step Multivariate Composite I-Distance Indicator Approach

for the Evaluation of Active Ageing Index. Journal of Population

Ageing, 10(1), 73–86.

Eurostat (2018): Eurostat Database. Retrieved June 8, 2018,

from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database

Zaidi, A., Gasior, K., Hofmarcher, M. H., Lelkes, O.,Marin, B.,

Rodrigues, R, Schmidt, A., Vanhuysse, P., & Zolyomi, E. (2013).

Active ageing index 2012: concept, methodology and final

results. report produced in collaboration with UNECE (Geneva)

and European commission’s DG for employment, social affairs &

inclusion, (Brussels).

REFERENCES

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

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AAI (2018). Active Ageing Index, UNECE Statistics. Retrieved April 2, 2018, from

https://statswiki.unece.org/display/AAI/Active+Ageing+Index+Home

Bandura, R. (2008). A survey of composite indices measuring country

performance: 2008 update. New York: United Nations Development Programme,

Office of Development Studies (UNDP/ODS Working Paper).

Dobrota, M., Bulajic, M., Bornmann, L., & Jeremic, V. (2016). A new approach to

the QS university ranking using the composite I-distance indicator: uncertainty

and sensitivity analyses. Journal of the Association for Information Science and

Technology, 67(1), 200–211.

EU (2007). Ageing well in the information society: action plan on information and

communication technologies and ageing. Retrieved March 8, 2018, from

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3Al24292

Ivanovic, B. (1973). A method of establishing a list of development indicators.

Paris: United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization.








https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l24292















REFERENCES

EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –



models

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Jeremic, V., Bulajic, M., Martic, M., & Radojicic, Z. (2011). A fresh approach to

evaluating the academic ranking of world universities. Scientometrics, 87(3),

587–596

OECD (2008). Handbook on constructing composite indicators. Methodology

and user guide. Paris: OECD Publications

São José, J. M., Timonen, V., Amado, C. A. F., & Santos, S. P. (2017). A

critique of the Active Ageing Index. Journal of aging studies, 40, 49-56.

WHO (2002). Active ageing - a policy framework. The contribution of the world

health organization to the second united nations world assembly on ageing,

Madrid, Spain, April 2002.

Yang, L. (2014). An inventory of composite measures of human progress.

Occasional paper on methodology. UNDP Human Development Report Office.

ACTIVE AGEING INDEX, NEW EMPHASIS WITHIN THE SAME … · Employment rate 55-59 (25%) Voluntary...

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