ACrumbley1.HistoricalInquiryPaper (5)

8/2/2019 ACrumbley1.HistoricalInquiryPaper (5)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/acrumbley1historicalinquirypaper-5 1/8

Crumbley 1

Aaron Crumbley

Ms. Caruso

ENGL 1102

22 Feb 2012

John F Kennedy: The Actual Truth

November 22, 1963, a day when America would lose its President. On this fateful day,

someone or a few people successfully assassinated the thirty-fifth president of the United States.

The possibility of a conspiracy or a cover up has been mused by a large proportion of the

American public and as it stands today, people still believe the details are fishy. There are twenty

plus theories on what could have happened and this paper is going to discuss five in particular.

The first theory raises its head as Lee Harvey Oswald was a conspiracy theorist himself who was

known to have ties with Cuba and the Soviet Union. Next, I have dissected two different eye-

witness accounts that come from four different people. Here, we have the involvement of the

American Mafia, why would the Mafia care about the president you may ask? Lastly we come to

the darkest, most dishonorable of all theories, the idea that Vice President, Lyndon Baines

Johnson had something to do with the death of JFK. After picking apart these theories you will

see why the facts point to something out of the ordinary.

Irving, Texas, home to the secret, unsuspected hiding spot of the rifle that would soon kill

the President of the United States. The home belonged to Ruth Paine, a Quaker from Texas who

had befriended the Oswald’s.1

Marina Oswald and her two children were living with Ruth while

Lee joined them solely on the weekends; he was living in a rooming house in downtown Dallas2

near the Texas School Book Depository where he had gotten a job thanks to Ruth. It is worth

Comment [BC1]: Take out extra spaces.

Comment [BC2]: Use stronger wording that

makes your paper less informal.

Comment [BC3]: Is this a new theory, or is

it contained in the previous one?

Comment [BC4]: Reformat this so it is a

statement, rather than a question, so it reads

as more formal.

Comment [BC5]: Take out all instances of

“you.”

Comment [BC6]: Take the apostrophe out,

since this is not possessive, but plural.



Crumbley 2

noting that Oswald once travelled a distance of 12 hours to check out a copy of Mao Zedong’s

biography. Mao was a Chinese Communist Revolutionary who believed heavily in Marxism and

Leninism. This contributes to his possible political standpoint and his former ties to the Soviet

Union who were known communists. Pairing that with Oswald’s visiting Moscow in 19593 with

the intention to turn his back on his former country for which he had served certainly raises a few

eyebrows.Oswald injured or killed four people on November 22, 1963, among them were

President Kennedy, Texas Governor John Connally, Officer J.D. Tippit and James Tague4

who

lastly was struck by a piece of curb from Oswald’s supposed one “errant” shot. If there are no

reports of anyone explicitly seeing Oswald why did he rush his last shot?Also a single bullet

theory has been proposed, now I am no lead detective but you tell me how one bullet can hit

President Kennedy, Governor Connally and the curb of the street? It cannot happen like that.

The Warren Commission itself had labeled Oswald the lone assassin, yet faced with

scrutiny the Commission never fought back when people began to question their findings.

Kennedy’s autopsy had been very flawed as if someone indeed was trying to cover up the true

reason for Kennedy’s death5. “There were a hundred or so mysterious deaths among people who

supposedly knew too much.”(Mallon 110) Oswald then proceeded to delay transport from the

city lockup to the county jail solely over changing a shirt, which just so happened to give Mr.

Jack Ruby enough time to show up and murder Oswald at the jail6. Seems unreasonable does it

not?“Unless Oswald was a party to the conspiracy to murder himself.”(Mallon 112)

Jack Bell of the Associated Press witnessed the assassination from the fourth car back

from the President. “A loud bang as though a giant firecrack er had exploded in the caverns

between the tall buildings…”(Bell 3) Bell then stated that the second and third shots happened

in7 rapid succession, which does agree with Thomas Mallon. “As my eyes swept the buildings to

Comment [BC7]: Try replacing this with

“the biography of Mao Zedong, “

You’ll be able to connect these sentences and

give your paper a smoother read.

Comment [BC8]: Whose?

Comment [BC9]: Work on a transition here.

This is quite a quick jump to make.

Comment [BC10]: Extremely

conversational.

Comment [BC11]: Extremely

conversational.

Comment [BC12]: If you are using the

name of the author of a source, you must

introduce this person.



Crumbley 3

the right, where the shots-if they really were shots; and it seemed unbelievable-might have come,

I saw no significant sign of activity.” Yet supposedly the last shot was rushed which caused

“Oswald” to miss therefore he must have been in a scurry to get out of the building. When

arriving at Parkland Hospital Bell saw Kennedy face down in the backseat of the convertible

lying motionless;when Bell stopped a Secret Service agent to ask if President Kennedy was dead

he was greeted with “I don’t know, but I don’t think so.”8Then we must face the question of why

the top was off of the convertible and why the shatter-proof windows were rolled down.The

Kennedy’s were welcomed with open arms by everyone in Texas leading up to the motorcade

but this still does not seem like a valid reason to leave the President a sitting duck.

An ordinary man on a business convention in Texas happened to weigh in on the next

report, Norman Similas stated there was an interval between the first and second shot, along with

an interval between the second and third shots, yet Bell reported the three shots to have occurred

in rapid succession. Similas also confirmed that the Secret Service and the local police were both

scanning the crowd and the surrounding buildings before the second and third shots went off. If

this is the case how could so many highly trained professionals not see anything? 9 Not even a

shimmer of light from a building or the long barrel of a rifle. Bell was a highly esteemed reporter

who was actually in the motorcade, which means he could reach out and publish an article to

make the public believe what the government wanted.

Our third report comes from Tom Wicker who happened to be on location for the murder

of President Kennedy. The first official report by Malcolm Kilduff, assistant White House Press

Secretary stated that President Kennedy had been killed by one bullet to the brain. However, Dr.

Kemp Clark, head neurosurgeon at Parkland Hospital claimed Kennedy had one wound below

the Adam’s apple10, a massive gaping wound in the back and one wound on the right side of the

Comment [BC13]: Who said this?

Comment [BC14]: Why is this in quotation

marks?

Comment [BC15]: How do these ideas

relate to one another?

Comment [BC16]: Complete this idea and

this paragraph.



Crumbley 4

head. Also worth mentioning Mrs. Connally’s report claimed that the first two shots happened in

rapid succession, while Bell, Senator Yarborough and Similas’s reports both claimed there was

an interval during the first and second shot.Basically we have been faced with three different

ways that Kennedy has been murdered. Oswald had once turned his back on America for the

Soviet Union, as well as being active in the Fair Play for Cuba committee, which backed the

Cuban Revolution. Basically Oswald was an antigovernment man who had ties to Cuba and to

the Soviet Union during pivotal years of the Cold War.11

During the 1960 campaign Lyndon

Johnson and his wife were nearly mobbed in a hotel lobby in downtown Dallas, why return in the

following years? There was also political discrepancy between the Democrats in Texas. Here

isan excerpt from Kennedy’s speech that was intended for November 22, 1963 “Right wing

conservatism is the rule, rather than the exception” (Wicker 27). Oswald had tried to kill former

far right wing General Edwin Walker, Soviets were extremely prejudiced against conservatism.12

Carlos Marcello, Santos Trafficante and Jimmy Hoffa were deemed responsible

for the assassination based on this theory, the mafia was angry with not only John, but Robert

Kennedy for trying to root out organized crime in America. This theory has evolved from a book

written by Trafficante’s lawyer Frank Ragano. G. Robert Blakely, chief counsel and staff

director to the House Select Committee on Assassinations believed Oswald was involved,

however there was at least one gunman firing from the grassy knoll.13

Afterwards Blakely came

to the conclusion that in fact it was Carlos Marcello that organized the hit on JFK yet he was

never apprehended.14 Writer Matthew Smith brings a very interesting fact to the table. Thomas

Killiam, a man who had once worked for Jack Ruby claimed that there was indeed a link

between Ruby, Oswald, and the Mafia. Killiam told his brother, “ I am a dead man, but I have

run as far as I am running.” Killiam was found dead in an alley in March of 1964, only three

Comment [BC17]: New paragraph?

Comment [BC18]: I’m not sure this

paragraph (starting at comment 17) works

here. Most of the information in it you have

already given, and the information you

haven’t given deserves its own paragraph, or

at least clarification.



Crumbley 5

months after the assassination of President Kennedy. (Spartacus 4) The last suspect of mafia

involvement was Sicilian-American, Chicago mob boss Sam Giancana. It was whispered that

Giancana had fixed the Presidential Election of 1960 to go in favor of Kennedy, Cooke County

which had given Kennedy the election was controlled by Giancana, however Kennedy

supposedly reneged on his deal with Giancana and suffered the consequences.15

Lyndon Baines Johnson was the primary beneficiary from the death of JFK. 16 He

had also persuaded Kennedy to make a stop in Texas, even though he and his wife had been

nearly mobbed during the Texas stop of the 1960 campaign. Johnson even went so far as to try

and have Gov. Connally’s seat switched with Senator Yarborough’s the morning before, Johnson

and Yarborough did not see eye to eye very well.17 One of Johnson’s close friends, Billie Sol

Estes was a known conman with a dark side yet Johnson stayed near, Robert Kennedy was

building a case on the Estes/Johnson relationship and had informed Johnson of this. (Education

6) Oil barons Haroldson Hunt and Clint Murchison18 helped fund the assassination on claims that

Kennedy was going to bring an end to the oil depletion allowance, however this remained

unchanged through Johnson’s presidency which saved the American oil Industry over 100

million dollars. In 1984 Estes was convinced to give evidence against Johnson, “get rid of him”,

he had claimed Johnson stated, referring to Dept. of Agriculture worker Henry Marshall who at

the time had been investigating Estes.

On 9th August, 1984, Estes' lawyer, Douglas Caddy, wrote to Stephen S. Trott at the US

Department of Justice. In the letter Caddy claimed that Billie Sol Estes, Lyndon B.

Johnson, Mac Wallace and Cliff Carter had been involved in the murders of Henry

Marshall, George Krutilek, Harold Orr, Ike Rogers, Coleman Wade, Josefa Johnson, John

Kinser and John F. Kennedy. Caddy added: "Mr. Estes is willing to testify that LBJ

Comment [BC19]: How does this fit in to

what you are saying?

Comment [BC20]: Separate this into three

clearer sentences.

Comment [BC21]: You could use a

transition here.



Crumbley 6

ordered these killings, and that he transmitted his orders through Cliff Carter to Mac

Wallace, who executed the murders." (Education)

Mac Wallace had been a lift wing activist in his college years, which is until he

met Lyndon Johnson. He then found himself with a job in the Texas Dept. of Agriculture

during October 1950. Within the next year Wallace had been convicted of murder while

trying to cover-up a scandal involving Johnson’s sister. Even though twelve jurors found

Wallace guilty the judge had overturned his case and he was a free man. Wallace also

was defended by the same man who had defended Johnson when his ballot-rigging

scandal erupted. It is uncertain whether LBJ was actually involved, yet his corrupt, dark

political activities lack no evidence.

The circumstances that surround John F Kennedy’s death are certainly tainted.

The American public still questions the facts to this day. Over the course of this paper I

have examined several key theories that remain in high standing and also bring hard

evidence to the table. It is hard to believe that so many different groups would want the

same man dead, yet he was not favored by all. There is one thing for certain, President

Kennedy was shot and killed on November 22, 1963, but no one knows the true details

behind the murder.

Comment [BC22]: Aaron,

You have a great deal of information and

seem to recount the major ideas of the main

conspiracies. However, when you get to the

second through fifth conspiracies, you seem to

include information that does not appear to

have a place in those paragraphs. Work to

assure that the information you include has

relevance to the ideas and is clear. Use

transitions and link the information to the rest

of the information in the paragraph. You

recount the main ideas well, but just be sure

that your transition from one smaller idea to

the next is clear.

End-notes: Excellent end-notes. I can really

see you thinking through your concept. I’m

looking forward to seeing what you’ll end upwith!

-Ms. C



Crumbley 7

Works Cited

Bell, Jack. “Eyewitnesses Describe Scene of Assassination”. New York Times.

23 Nov 1963. Print.

Mallon, Thomas. “A Knoll of One’s Own.” Atlantic Monthly (10727825) 299.5 (2007):

106-112.

Literary Reference Center Plus.Web. 6 Feb 2012.

Scheim, David. Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Web. 8 Feb 2012.

Simkin, John. Educationforum.ipbhost.com. The Education Forum. Web. 8 Feb 2012.

Wieker, Tom. “Gov. Connally Shot; Mrs. Kennedy Safe”.

New York Times. 23 Nov 1963: Special. Print. Comment [BC23]: Take out extra spaces

and give your entries hanging indents.



Crumbley 8

1I may change the location of the house, or simply incorporate a relationship between Oswald and Michael (my

shooter)2

Possibility of Oswald telling his family that was what he was doing while in fact he was living with Michael or the

government had him tied up somehow.3

This is the reason that the government used Oswald as a scapegoat for the assassination.4 In reality only Oswald’s shot missed for two reasons, one being that Oswald was so nervous because he knew

what would become of him regardless, second because Michael was such a trained expert at what he did, he was

the government’s golden child of the time that they had chosen to assassinate Kennedy. 5More government interaction, trying to cover up the autopsy because the government wanted America to believe

that indeed Oswald was the lone gunman.6 This was Oswald’s way of making sure that he would for certain be killed at the jail because he knew that he

would not be able to keep the secret safe because he had turned on Michael and the government and did not

want to take the fall for the government who does not even care about its own President.7 Michael struck with his first shot and then Oswald correlated his shot with Michael’s second so that he would

have time to escape the building because Michael was positioned in a different building.8

It was known that the President was dead, the agent was just ensuring that Texas did not go into a mass panicand therefore not allow Michael to leave the area.9

The Secret Service agents knew of the plan therefore they were looking without looking, as well as the local

police being switched out with government officials, this would allow for a clean getaway and to ensure that no

“local” cop tried to be a hero. 10

Michael’s first shot being from directly in front of the president. 11

These facts were only stated to merely add to the illusion that the government wanted to keep Oswald as their

scapegoat for this project.12

Oswald indeed tried to kill the former general, yet he had not done so on purpose therefore leaving it common

knowledge that he did not agree with right wing conservatism, along with the government keeping him out of jail,

this way they could continue to use him for their project.13

Here is Michael’s connection to the grassy knoll, the government enacted this theory to keep the heat off of

themselves.14

Because the government had enlisted him to take some heat for the assassination yet he was never

apprehended.15

Giancana had been in contact with the government, and when Kennedy did him wrong it was the final straw for

the President, because everyone in the government wanted him gone anyways.16 He was the one who approached Michael about taking on the operation.17

Johnson at first told Michael to not kill Gov. Connally but after his brief episode of trying to switch the cars he

told him to shot Connally , just don’t kill him he said. 18

These two heads of oil country, promised Johnson all kinds of rewards if he could keep the oil depletion

allowance high.

ACrumbley1.HistoricalInquiryPaper (5)

Documents

Transcript of ACrumbley1.HistoricalInquiryPaper (5)