ACL Injuries in Females By Cory Driskill. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Athletes:...

ACL Injuries in FemalesACL Injuries in Females

By By

Cory DriskillCory Driskill

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Athletes: Injury in Female Athletes:

EpidemiologyEpidemiology

Kentucky Sports Medicine ClinicKentucky Sports Medicine Clinic

Lexington, KYLexington, KY

Journal of Athletic Training 1999;34(2): 150-154Journal of Athletic Training 1999;34(2): 150-154

ACL Injuries In FemalesACL Injuries In Females

I am writing my research paper on the I am writing my research paper on the prevalence of ACL tears in females.prevalence of ACL tears in females.

Why are they more susceptible than Why are they more susceptible than males.males.

The mechanism of injury in different The mechanism of injury in different sports.sports.

How can we decrease or prevent this from How can we decrease or prevent this from happening.happening.


This article talks about the epidemiology of This article talks about the epidemiology of ACL injuries in females at many different ACL injuries in females at many different levels of play.levels of play.High School, College, Olympic, and High School, College, Olympic, and MilitaryMilitaryI selected this article because it directly I selected this article because it directly correlates with the topic I have chosen, correlates with the topic I have chosen, and provides an overall evaluation of the and provides an overall evaluation of the problem of female injury in athletics.problem of female injury in athletics.


Journal of Athletic TrainingJournal of Athletic Training

Peer-reviewedPeer-reviewed

This study is a descriptive study that This study is a descriptive study that shows the results of previous studies that shows the results of previous studies that have been performed and describes the have been performed and describes the correlation between each study.correlation between each study.

How they compare and how they differ.How they compare and how they differ.


The purpose of this study was to present The purpose of this study was to present epidemiologic studies on ACL injuries in epidemiologic studies on ACL injuries in female athletes.female athletes.

This study did not have any method or This study did not have any method or results. It does have discussion about results. It does have discussion about each previous study and how the problem each previous study and how the problem occurs.occurs.


1982 Injury Surveillance System1982 Injury Surveillance System– Division I, II, III institutionsDivision I, II, III institutions– 1990-91 through 1997-981990-91 through 1997-98

Female basketball players sustained 2.89 times Female basketball players sustained 2.89 times more ACL injuries than did males.more ACL injuries than did males.

Female soccer players sustained 2.29 times more Female soccer players sustained 2.29 times more ACL injuries than did males.ACL injuries than did males.

Female Injuries- .68 game, .10 practiceFemale Injuries- .68 game, .10 practice

Male Injuries- .14 game, .05 practiceMale Injuries- .14 game, .05 practice

In High School in TexasIn High School in Texas

Females had a 2.1 times greater risk of Females had a 2.1 times greater risk of knee injury per hourknee injury per hour

Compared to males, females have 3.75 Compared to males, females have 3.75 times more ACL injuries per exposure times more ACL injuries per exposure hour.hour.



Mechanism of InjuryMechanism of Injury

Internal rotation of the femur with external Internal rotation of the femur with external rotation of the tibia and foot.rotation of the tibia and foot.

Valgus force added.Valgus force added.

ACL Injuries In FemalesACL Injuries In FemalesExtrinsic FactorsExtrinsic FactorsStrengthStrengthConditioningConditioningShoesShoesMotivationMotivation

Intrinsic FactorsIntrinsic FactorsAlignmentAlignmentHyperextensionHyperextensionPhysiologic rotary laxityPhysiologic rotary laxityACL sizeACL sizeNotch size and shapeNotch size and shapeHormonal influenceHormonal influenceInherited skills and coordinationInherited skills and coordination

CombinedCombinedProprioceptionProprioceptionNeuromuscular activation patternsNeuromuscular activation patternsOrder of firingOrder of firingAcquired skillsAcquired skills


PreventionPrevention– 6-week preseason training program to reduce 6-week preseason training program to reduce

landing forceslanding forces– Increase hamstring power through plyosIncrease hamstring power through plyos– Proprioceptive trainingProprioceptive training– Equipment changesEquipment changes– Improving techniqueImproving technique


Conclusion:Conclusion:– The anterior cruciate ligament cannot be The anterior cruciate ligament cannot be

restored to normal function through restored to normal function through reconstruction, so we must take measures to reconstruction, so we must take measures to preventing ACL injuries from occurring preventing ACL injuries from occurring through training and more studies to that will through training and more studies to that will help us understand why this happens, so that help us understand why this happens, so that it can be prevented.it can be prevented.

The EndThe End

ACL Injuries in Females By Cory Driskill. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Athletes:...

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