Acknowledgements - agric.wa.gov.au · Colin Gordon - Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators ....

Acknowledgements The information contained in this Bulletin is a collaborative effort from Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) staff and others. The compilation and editing of this Bulletin was undertaken by Richard Fennessy. Paige Wilson and the DPIRD Graphic Design team provided formatting and design input.

Authors

Diana Fisher – Pesticide safety

Chris Sharpe – Pesticide safety

Graeme Passmore (drumMUSTER) - drumMUSTER and ChemClear

Bill Trend - Safety for bees

Katie Asplin (CropLife Australia) - Resistance management

Glynn Ward – Biosecurity planning

Andrew Taylor - Diseases

Helen Collie - Insects, mites and molluscs

Stewart Learmonth - Insects, mites and molluscs

Alison Mathews - Insects, mites and molluscs

Colin Gordon - Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators

Winetitles, Dr Peter Dry, Dr Bryan Coombe are gratefully acknowledged for granting permission to use the ‘Modified E-L system for identifying major and intermediate grapevine growth stages from page 153 of Viticulture: Volume 1 – Resources – 2nd edition’, 2004, PR Dry and BG Coombe (eds).

This material may be reprinted provided that the article and the source and author(s) are acknowledged. Published by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983.

Disclaimer

The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it.

In relying on or using this document or any advice or information expressly or impliedly contained within it, you accept all risks and responsibility for loss, injury, damages, costs and other consequences of any kind whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly to you or any other person from your doing so. It is for you to obtain your own advice and conduct your own investigations and assessments of any proposals that you may be considering in light of your own circumstances.

This material has been written for Western Australian conditions. Its availability does not imply suitability to other areas, and any interpretation is the responsibility of the user.

The product trade names in this publication are supplied on the understanding that no preference between equivalent products is intended and that the inclusion of a product does not imply endorsement by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, over any other equivalent product from another manufacturer. Any omission of a trade name is unintentional.

Always read the label — Users of agricultural (or veterinary) chemical products must always read the label and any permit before using the product, and strictly comply with the directions on the label and conditions of any permit. Users are not absolved from compliance with the directions on the label or the conditions of the permit by reason of any statement made or not made in this publication.

Parts of the chemical use pattern quoted in this publication are approved under permit(s) issued by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority and in force at the time the publication was prepared. Persons wishing to use a chemical in the manner approved under permit should obtain a copy of the relevant permit from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority and must read all the details, conditions and limitations relevant to that permit, and must comply with the details, conditions and limitations prior to use.

Information in this publication was current at the time of preparation.

© Western Australian Agriculture Authority 2019

Bulletin 4912

Last updated October 2019

ISSN No. 1833–7236

2019/20 Viticulture spray guide – wine grapes and table grapes

Contents

Pesticide safety 1

Regulations and acts relating to use of pesticides 1

Licencing and regulation 4

drumMUSTER and ChemClear® 5

Withholding periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs) 7

Safety for bees 7

Pesticide application 8

Phenoxy herbicides 8

Pesticide resistance 9

Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 14

Biosecurity planning 15

Grape diseases monitoring and treatment calendar 16

Spray Options - Diseases 17

Grape pest monitoring and treatment calendar 57

Spray Options - Insects, mites and molluscs 58

Spray Options - Knockdown herbicides 77

Spray Options - Residual herbicides 83

Plant growth regulators (PGR’s) 86

Example of a spray application record keeping document 91

Modified E-L system for grapevine growth stages 92

1

Pesticide safety Pesticide misuse can be harmful to both human and environmental health and can also impact trading relations with international markets. Regulatory standards are necessary to ensure that pesticides are used appropriately within our communities.

Regulations and acts relating to use of pesticides Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development

• Regulates some aspects of the use of pesticides and veterinary medicines in agriculture, including the management of residue affected land and produce.

• Provides information on the control of pests and diseases in animals and plants.

• Regulates the control of declared plants and animals in agricultural and pastoral lands.

• Regulates the chemical training qualifications of aerial application pilots and their record keeping requirements.

Legislation:

Agriculture and Related Resources (Spraying Restrictions) Regulations1979

Biosecurity and Agriculture Management (Agriculture Standards) Regulations 2013

Biosecurity and Agriculture Management (Aerial Application) Regulations 2018

Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007

Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development contacts:

Agriculture and Food

Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3333

Email: [email protected]

Website: agric.wa.gov.au

Department of Health

• Regulates the label and safe use of pesticides through the Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011, where it affects human health.

• Regulates the supply and use of poisons through the Medicines and Poisons Act 2014.

• Licenses pest management technicians and registered businesses.

• Provides some training and guidelines for the pest management industry.

• Provides information and advice on public health control programs.

https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/law_s4272.html



https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/law_a146629.html

http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/

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• Provides toxicological advice on the human health aspects of pesticides.

Legislation:

Public Health Act 2016

Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011

Health (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1911

Medicines and Poisons Act 2014

Department of Health contacts:

Environmental Health

Tel: +61 (0)8 9222 2000


Website: health.wa.gov.au

Department of Water and Environmental Regulation

• Regulates waste management sites, contaminated sites, air and water quality, illegal discharge and pollution, under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.

• Regulates pesticide manufacturing facilities.

• Regulates the transport of liquid chemical wastes including pesticide wastes.

• Investigates and may take enforcement action if there is evidence of an inappropriate pesticide application which has caused environmental harm or there has been a pesticide spill which has or may cause pollution or environmental harm.

• Provides guidance on chemical storage and disposal.

Legislation:

Environmental Protection (Unauthorised Discharges) Regulations 2004

Environmental Protection (Controlled Waste) Regulations 2004

Environmental Protection Act 1986

Environmental Protection Regulations 1987

Swan River Trust Act 1988





mailto:[email protected]

https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/





https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slp.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fstatutes.nsf%2Fmain_mrtitle_12779_homepage.html&ei=8MeIVd_iLofz8gWPjYKQDg&usg=AFQjCNFmpBAPOMEsOfp6xGypjZaf94H8FA


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Department of Water and Environmental Regulation contacts:

Head Office

Tel: +61 (0)8 6364 7000


Website: dwer.wa.gov.au

Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety (WorkSafe Division)

• Regulates the workplace to ensure the safety and health of people at work.

• Responds to requests to investigate possible breaches of the legislation.

• Provides information to employers and employees on occupational safety matters.

• Promotes awareness of occupational safety matters to the community.

• Regulates the transport and storage of dangerous goods.

Legislation:

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984

Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996

Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004

WorkSafe Division contacts:

Head Office

Tel: 1300 307 877


Website: commerce.wa.gov.au/worksafe

ChemCentre Western Australia

• Provides chemical analytical support to the government, industry, academia and the community.

• Conducts research into chemical analytical methods.

• Provides advice on the chemistry of pesticides and other chemicals, and how they behave in soil, water, air and other substrates.

• Assists other government agencies with the management of chemical spillages, residues in foods and environmental contamination.


http://www.der.wa.gov.au/





http://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/worksafe

4

ChemCentre contacts:

Head Office

Tel: +61 (0)8 9422 9800

Fax: +61 (0)8 9422 9801


Website: chemcentre.wa.gov.au

Licencing and regulation All persons who apply pesticides (this includes herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.) for remuneration are required under the Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011 to hold a current licence with the Health Department.

The type of pest management that is to be carried out will have a bearing on the units of competencies a person must complete.

For more information concerning the necessary licencing and regulation applicable to the application of pesticides can be found on the Health Department’s Pest industry licensing and registration webpage.

In 2011, The Health Department of Western Australia updated the Health (Pesticides) Regulations to provide a more flexible approach to agricultural pesticide usage. The updated regulations were published in the Western Australian Government Gazette No. 14, Perth, Tuesday, 1 February 2011 starting page 291. The full regulations can be found by searching the Gazette website of the Department of Premier and Cabinet.

The amendments relate to Regulation 87 of the new regulations and now allow for the following practices, in agricultural situations only:

• Use of a pesticide for an unspecified pest on a registered crop,

• Use of a pesticide at a lower frequency than that shown on the label,

• Use of a pesticide at a lower rate of application than that shown on the label, and

• Use of a pesticide for a crop/pest combination registered in another jurisdiction, (provided the pesticide is registered for use in Western Australia and the label does not prohibit the use in WA).

These amendments are particularly useful in regards to trunk disease management. It means that where a product is registered for Eutypa control, the same products are allowed to be used in WA for the control of other trunk disease pathogens such as Botryosphaeria.


http://www.chemcentre.wa.gov.au/


http://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/N_R/Pest-industry-licensing-and-registration

http://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/N_R/Pest-industry-licensing-and-registration

https://www.slp.wa.gov.au/gazette/gazette.nsf

5

drumMUSTER and ChemClear® drumMUSTER and ChemClear® are important national industry stewardship programs run by Agsafe as part of the Industry Waste Reduction Scheme (IWRS).

Agsafe works with governments, farmer groups, communities, local government and regulatory authorities involved in the disposal of agvet chemicals and containers to further develop and expand the success of the two programs.

IWRS is a joint venture overseen by AgStewardship Australia on behalf of its members CropLife Australia, Animal Medicines Australia, the Veterinary Manufacturers and Distributors Association and the National Farmers’ Federation.

The programs are funded by an ACCC Authorised levy that is collected from end-users and paid by manufacturers to AgStewardship Australia and distributed to Agsafe to support collections and processing.

drumMUSTER looks after the collection and recycling of eligible, empty, clean, non-returnable metal and plastic farm chemical containers.

Chemical users throughout Australia are encouraged to deliver their drums to one of 820 drumMUSTER collection sites, some of which have designated collection days.

Trained inspectors receive and examine each drum onsite to ensure that every container delivered is free of chemical residue and therefore safe to transport and recycle. Metal drums should be punctured top and bottom and lids removed from all containers.

Each container delivered to drumMUSTER is shredded or granulated and transformed into new products including road signs, irrigation piping, plant stakes, plastic cable covers and outdoor furniture.

The drumMUSTER program offers many benefits:

• It is an environmentally responsible solution for chemical users to dispose of their empty containers.

• Helps property owners keep their farms free of potential contamination.

• Encourages good farming practice.

• Provides documentation for chemical users to meet the requirements of quality assurance programs.

• Supports the preservation of the environment.

ChemClear® is the national program for collection and disposal of unwanted or unknown chemicals. The program’s objective is to minimise the accumulation of unwanted chemicals on farms which may create potential risks to the environment, public health and trade.

Two categories of agvet chemicals are collected by ChemClear®:

• Group 1 chemicals are currently registered products manufactured by participating companies signed to the Industry Waste Reduction Agreement. These products are collected free of charge.

• Group 2 chemicals are products manufactured by non-participating companies, deregistered, unknown, mixed or out-of-date products. A fee for collection applies.

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The service is easy to use:

• Waste holders are required to take an inventory of their unwanted chemicals and register them for collection by phoning a toll-free number or completing an online form (details below).

• Once the booking is lodged and confirmed, waste holders continue to store their products until a collection in their area is scheduled.

• Collections are state-based and routes are planned when registered bookings reach a quantity threshold.

• Collections are undertaken in the registered waste holder’s shire council area.

• Prior to a collection, registered waste holders are contacted and advised of the retrieval location and date. An appointment time is also negotiated.

• Waste holders are required to transport their chemicals to their nominated collection site and meet the ChemClear® retrieval vehicle.

For more information about the programs contact:

drumMUSTER GPO Box 816 Canberra ACT 2601

Tel: +61 (0)2 6206 6868

Fax: +61 (0)2 6206 1977


Website: drummuster.org.au

ChemClear®

GPO Box 816 Canberra ACT 2601

Tel: +61 (0)2 6206 6868

Fax: +61 (0)2 6206 1977

Free call: 1800 008 182


Website: chemclear.org.au


http://www.drummuster.com.au/


http://www.chemclear.com.au/

7

Withholding periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs) Use of agricultural chemicals may result in residues on fruit and in wine. The level of residue that remains at harvest depends on the chemical, the formulation, application rate, method of application, time and number of treatments, use of adjuvants, the interval since the last application and climatic conditions.

Limits for these residues are determined in various countries by health authorities. These limits are called Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and are set to ensure correct use of pesticides (good agricultural practice) and to prevent consumers from taking in excessive residues. Grape growers are responsible to ensure that grapes they sell do not exceed MRLs for the chemicals they apply.

Label rates for horticultural chemicals have been calculated so that, provided the label rate is followed and withholding periods observed, Australian MRLs are not exceeded. The withholding period for a particular pesticide is the minimum time between when the crop is last sprayed and when it is picked. This withholding period may vary for different crops.

A withholding period of seven days means that the grower must wait for seven days between the last application of the pesticide and before the crop is picked. Growers applying chemicals at the correct rate and observing the withholding period before harvest should produce fruit with residues lower than the MRL for Australia.

Growers involved in production of grapes or wine for export should be aware that other countries may have different or no MRLs for chemicals used in Australia. If the importing country has a lower MRL than the Australian MRL, longer withholding periods or changed rates of application may be necessary. If the importing country has no MRL set for a chemical used in Australia, that chemical should not be applied to the crop, as any detectable residue on the fruit will be unacceptable.

Growers exporting grapes or wine should contact their exporters, winery or the Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI) before spraying to ensure that MRLs in the export markets are not exceeded. Refer to the AWRI webpage on MRLs for further information.

Safety for bees Bees actively foraging on flowers either in the crop or on ground covers may be adversely affected by insecticide applications. The time of application and insecticide used will influence the level of damage. Some insecticides have very low toxicity to bees and are able to be applied even when the bees are foraging. Other short residual insecticides will be safe to bees if applied in the evening or at night when the bees are not foraging. More persistent insecticides may remain toxic to bees well after application.

Foraging bees may bring contaminated pollen or nectar back to the hive. This is fed to the house bees which then feed the larvae and queen. In this way the whole colony may be killed.

Symptoms of bee toxicity vary:

• There may be a sticky mass of bees dying in front of the hive.

• Bees may move very slowly.

• Bees may exhibit strange and aggressive behaviour.

The insecticide carbaryl is very toxic to bees and carbaryl-contaminated pollen may remain toxic for up to eight months when stored in the hive.

https://www.awri.com.au/industry_support/viticulture/agrochemicals/mrls/

8

Food safety – beekeepers in districts where vineyards are located in forest areas will be sourcing honey from eucalypts and in some instances the bees will be attracted to ground flora (weeds) from properties and this nectar will be collected and stored as honey within the hive and harvested and sold for human consumption. Sub-lethal levels of chemical can enter the food chain in this way.

Be aware of the bee toxicity rating of any pesticide used and whether bee hives are located near the vineyard. Advise the beekeeper before toxic chemicals are applied.

A communication tool to enable collaboration between farmers and beekeepers is available called BeeConnected.

Through BeeConnected, farmers and contractors may register and will then receive notifications when a registered beekeeper positions beehives near their properties.

Registered beekeepers will also receive notifications alerting them when a registered farmer or contractor enters a proposed nearby crop protection product application activity.

BeeConnected is a nation-wide, user-driven smart-phone app that enables collaboration between beekeepers, farmers and spray service contractors to facilitate best-practice pollinator protection.

Further information on bees, beekeeping and pollination can be found at beeaware.org.au.

Pesticide application The good work of monitoring vineyards for diseases and pests to decide on the need for and timing of pesticide applications, and correct selection of a pesticide to control a particular disease or pest, will be negated by poor application technique. When using pesticides to control diseases and pests, and herbicides to control weeds, it is essential that they be applied safely and effectively.

Incorrect spray application can result in wastage of product or phytotoxicity to the vine or crop. Wastage or over-spraying, may result in residues that exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL) for that pesticide, is costly and detrimental to the environment.

Correct calibration of sprayers is essential to ensure that the pesticide is applied at the correct label rate to get maximum efficiency of coverage and control of the disease or pest or weed.

The DPIRD website has additional information on calibrating spray equipment and herbicide application methods. Also the AWRI has a number of useful resources concerning spray applications.

Phenoxy herbicides Phenoxy (hormone-like) herbicides have the potential to cause off-target spray damage to vineyards. See the link for details concerning the regulations, duty of care and formulations of phenoxy herbicide applications in WA.

Users of herbicides need to be aware of the legal aspects of herbicide application. Follow the link for further information.

http://beeaware.org.au/pollination/beeconnected/

http://beeaware.org.au/

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/residues-crops/declared-plant-calibration-spray-equipment

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/herbicides/herbicide-application-declared-plants

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/herbicides/herbicide-application-declared-plants

http://www.awri.com.au/industry_support/viticulture/agrochemicals/spray-application/

http://www.awri.com.au/industry_support/viticulture/agrochemicals/spray-application/

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/residues-crops/spraying-phenoxy-herbicides

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/residues-crops/herbicide-application-legal-aspects

9

Pesticide resistance What is pesticide resistance?

Most pest and disease populations have a very small number of individuals that are resistant to a given pesticide. Frequent use of the same pesticide kills susceptible individuals but leaves the resistant ones and therefore selects a strain of the pest or disease that contains an increasing number of resistant individuals. Once this resistant proportion reaches a critical level, the lack of control ultimately renders that pesticide useless. This is known as resistance.

What pesticides are prone to resistance?

All pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, miticides and fungicides) are prone to resistance but miticides and some of the fungicides are most at risk. This is because mites and fungi are usually resident in orchards and have a short life cycle. These attributes favour the rapid selection of resistant individuals if pesticide use is heavy.

Many of the new generation fungicides were developed for a specific disease and have a very specific mode of action. This means that they often have only single-site activity. Many of the older fungicides have multi-site activity and as a consequence the newer fungicides are more prone to the diseases developing resistance to them.

If the same fungicide is used repeatedly it will allow the resistant spores to multiply until almost all spores are resistant and unaffected by the fungicide. Often when a disease becomes resistant to a particular fungicide it is resistant to other fungicides in the same activity group. The DPIRD webpage on herbicide resistance offers further detail.

How to avoid or delay resistance?

All new pesticide products have resistance management strategies included on the label. It is important that pesticides are applied using the correct dilutions and application rate and that the resistance management guidelines given on the label are followed.

Some of the key factors to avoid or delay resistance are based on the principles of Integrated Pest Management and include:

● Predators — There may be opportunity to introduce predators for pest control or suppression. This may reduce the pest to a level where a pesticide is not required or reduce the number of sprays required. Also be aware of any other pesticides that are harmful to predators, either natural or introduced. If available, select pesticides which are least harmful to natural enemies.

● Cultural control methods — Using such techniques as vineyard hygiene can reduce the pest population and subsequently reduce exposure to pesticide.

● Pest monitoring — This will determine when a pest or disease is present and help decide whether a spray is required, and if required, the optimum time to apply it.

● Pesticide use — Many pesticides are listed to be used only a specific number of times in a season. Some miticides should only be used once per season. If multiple sprays are required, then alternate between different activity groups.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/grains-research-development/herbicide-resistance

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CropLife Australia represents the developers, registrants, manufacturers and formulators of plant science solutions for use in agriculture and the management of pests in other settings. This group has developed Pesticide Resistance Management Strategies and Activity Group Identification to assist in reducing the development of resistance to pesticides for a range of agricultural pests.

The following CropLife Australia information identifies the resistance management strategies for fungicides that are at risk and are used in viticulture. These strategies were developed by the CropLife Australia Fungicide Resistance Management Review Group and industry researchers.

This strategy is a guide only and does not endorse particular products, groups of products or cultural methods in terms of their performance. Always follow the product label for specific use instructions. While effort has been taken to ensure all information supplied in this document is accurate, no responsibility, actual or implied, is taken for the day-to-day accuracy of product or active constituent specific information.

Readers should check with the Australian regulator’s (APVMA) product database for contemporary information on products and actives. The database is available at apvma.gov.au. The information given in this strategy is provided in good faith and without any liability for loss or damage suffered as a result of its application and use. Advice given in this strategy is valid as at 27 June 2019.

CropLife Australia

Tel: +61(0)2 6273 2733


Website: croplife.org.au

http://www.croplife.org.au/

http://www.apvma.gov.au/


http://www.croplife.org.au/

11

Downy Mildew (Plasmopara viticola)

Fungicide activity groups: Group 4 (Phenylamide); Group 11 (Quinone outside inhibitor); Group 21 (Quinone inside inhibitor); Group 40 (Carboxylic acid amide); Group 45 (Quinone outside inhibitor, stigmatellin binding type) fungicides:

1. Apply all these fungicides preventatively, Group 4 fungicides should be applied before the first sign of oilspots or as soon as possible after an infection period.

2. Mixtures - co-formulations or tank mixes with label rate of alternative mode of action.

3. Apply a maximum of two consecutive applications of any one group.

4. Start preventative disease control sprays using non-Group 4 protectant fungicides, typically when shoots are 10-20cm long. Continue spraying at intervals of 7-21 days depending on disease pressure, label directions and rate of vine growth.

5. Limit the use of Group 4 fungicides to periods when conditions favour disease development. Always apply Group 4 fungicides in mixtures.

Group 4 11 21 +M1 40 45 +40

Max. number of consecutive applications

2 none 2 2 2

Max. number of solo sprays none 2 3 2 (50%)

none

Max. number of sprays per season 4-mix 2 3 4–mix (50%1)

4-mix

Areas of higher agronomic risk mix mix n/a mix n/a

1Refer to point 6

6. Group 40 – do not apply as the last spray of the season.

Group 40 – apply a maximum of 50% of the total number of downy sprays.

7. Group 11 – if applied alone, do not make consecutive applications.

8. Group 11 – apply a maximum of 2 sprays per season, including mixtures.

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Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe necator)

Fungicide activity groups: Group 3 (DMI – Demethylation inhibitors); Group 5 (Amines, morpholines); Group 7 (SDHI - Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors); Group 11 (Quinone outside inhibitors) and coformulations with Group 3 (refer to Group 11 in table); Group 13 (Aza-napthalenes); Group U6 (Phenyl-acetamide); Group 50 (Actin disruptors, aryl-phenyl-ketone) fungicides:

1. Apply all these fungicides preventatively.

2. Consecutive applications include from the end of one season to the start of the next.

3. Mixtures - co-formulations or tank mixes with label rate of alternative mode of action:

Group 3 5 7 11 (3) 13 U6 50

Maximum number of consecutive Sprays when applied as the only fungicide

2 2 none none 2 2 2

Maximum number of consecutive sprays when applied as a tank-mix or co-formulant

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Maximum number of sprays per season 3 3 3 2 3 2 4

4. Medium to high risk fungicides (Group 7 and 11) if used consecutively should be applied in a mixture or co-formulation with a registered, alternative mode of action for which resistance is not known – where these fungicides have been routinely used for many seasons, field research indicates there is an increased risk of powdery mildew resistance. To ensure effective powdery mildew control in these circumstances, either use alternative modes of action or apply in mixtures. Group 11 – If applied alone, as the only fungicide, do not make consecutive applications, apply a maximum of 2 sprays per season.

Group 11 – if applied with another fungicide, can be used consecutively except where they have been used routinely for many seasons, apply a maximum of 2 sprays per season.

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Botrytis bunch rot or grey mould (Botrytis cinerea)

Fungicide activity groups: Group 2 (Dicarboximide); Group 7 (SDHI - Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors); Group 9 (Anilinopyrimidine) and combinations with Group 12 (Phenylpyrroles); Group 11 (Quinone outside inhibitor) and combinations with Group 3; Group 17 (Hydroxyanilide) fungicides:

1. Apply all these fungicides as protectants before the first sign of disease.

2. Consecutive applications include from the end of one season to the start of the next.

3. Varying the number of fungicides applied targeting Botrytis changes the relative resistance risk to any one fungicide group. When three or fewer sprays are applied, it is recommended that three different groups of fungicides are used (see table below). When four sprays are applied, try to use 3 or 4 different groups of fungicide.

4. If a Group 11 or 7 fungicide is used solo, it should only be used in strict alternation with fungicides from a different mode of action group.

5. DO NOT apply more than two consecutive sprays from the same fungicide group, for any Group 2, 7, 9 (including combinations with Group 12), 11+3 or 17 fungicide, including from the end of one season to the start of the following season.

6. If two consecutive applications of Group 11+3 fungicides are used, then they must be followed by at least the same number of applications of fungicide(s) from a different group(s) before a Group 11 (including combinations with Group 3) fungicide is used again, either in the current or following season.

7. If resistance to a fungicide group has been detected, only use that fungicide group in mixtures or in strict alternation with fungicides from a different cross-resistance group. A fungicide group that has been applied as the final application of the season should not be the first fungicide in the following season.

Maximum recommended number of sprays which

can contain group 2 7 9 (inc. 9+12) 11 (inc. 3+11) 17

Total number of botrytis targeting sprays

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 5+ 2 2 2 2 2

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Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture The AWRI produces an annual publication titled Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture, commonly known as the ‘Dog book’. This provides information on agrochemicals for use in the production of grapes for export wine, and any restriction on their use.

The booklet is distributed free to all wineries that pay the wine research levy but can also be freely accessed from the AWRI agrochemicals webpage. A mobile app is also available.

http://www.awri.com.au/industry_support/viticulture/agrochemicals/

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Biosecurity planning Biosecurity is about providing protection against risks posed by exotic organisms through actions such as exclusion, eradication and control. Effective biosecurity relies on all stakeholders, including government agencies, industry, and the public being prepared and well educated on the potential pest threats. WA state based biosecurity is much the same as national biosecurity only the exotic risks are those organisms that are already present in Australia, but not WA. Industry biosecurity planning is about building the industries preparedness to deal with exotic threats that may impact negatively on the viability of the industry.

There are a lot of organisms out there that are recorded to be found on grapevines, but not all present the same level of economic risk to the industry. While growers are urged to report all pest issues, it is understood that there are a lot of operational demands on their time. As a result, it is important to know what the priority pest threats are, to learn what they look like, increase industry knowledge of these pest threats, and build a monitoring and reporting culture. To assist growers to know what the priority pest threats are and provide knowledge and planning, several documents have been produced.

The first three are specifically for the benefit of grape production in Western Australia:

• Western Australian Viticulture Industry Biosecurity Plan • Western Australian Viticulture Industry Biosecurity Manual (in development) • MyPestGuide Grapes

The next two, produced by Plant Health Australia are for the benefit of grape production nationally:

• Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Viticulture Industry (under review) • Biosecurity Manual for the Viticulture Industry

Increased tourism to Western Australia’s wine regions creates opportunities for the spread of pests, diseases and weeds. Vinehealth Australia provides helpful information and resources to manage the biosecurity risk from tourist visitation to cellar doors, wineries and vineyards:

• Wine Tourism Biosecurity The Australian Wine Research Institute provides biosecurity support activities to the Australian wine industry through Australian Grape and Wine Inc., the national peak organisation for grape and wine producers.

• Biosecurity - current and future risk webinar presentation It is not just about good practices to reduce the likelihood of exotic pests making their way onto your vineyard though. It is equally important to actively monitor for pests and to have some knowledge on the priority pests. You should monitor your vines and record/report all pest activities. This way you will be able to detect any new pests, or any changes in known pest activities, early on and increase the probability of effective management.

MyPestGuide Reporter is an easy to use pest reporting tool to assist you with reporting all pest issues and provides you with an ongoing record (with location) of your reports. The tool is available as a mobile application for both Android and Apple iOS operating systems as well as a traditional on-line tool.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/plant-biosecurity/western-australian-viticulture-industry-biosecurity-plan

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/plant-biosecurity/western-australian-viticulture-industry-biosecurity-manual

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/apps/mypestguide-grapes

http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/industries/wine-grapes/

http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/industries/wine-grapes/

http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Biosecurity-Manual-for-Viticulture-Industry.pdf

https://vinehealth.com.au/

https://vinehealth.com.au/tourism/

https://www.awri.com.au/research_and_development/2017-2025-rde-plan-projects/project-4-5-2/

https://www.wfa.org.au/policy-and-issues/biosecurity-environment-and-sustainability/biosecurity/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9FL4Pxde44&list=PL7Z5GkvVSSxwljy7YkKBHj4nbMK69dOp-&index=3&t=0s

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/apps/mypestguide-reporter

16

Grape diseases monitoring and treatment calendar Not all of these pests will occur in your vineyard. This is a guide only. The status of each pest varies across grape growing regions; monitor to avoid unnecessary or poorly timed sprays. Check specific recommendations under the following table on disease spray options.

Disease Growth stage Dormancy Budburst Shoots 10 cm

Start of flowering

80% capfall Fruit set Bunch

closure Veraison Veraison to harvest

Harvest Post-harvest

Dormancy

Phomopsis • • • • • • • • • • Black spot • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • Downy mildew • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • Botrytis • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • Powdery mildew • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • •

Best time for spraying • Monitoring period ■ Major activity or infection period

17

Spray options Diseases * Organic production – under ‘Active ingredient’ heading – active ingredient permitted. However, some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to the inclusion of certain inerts/inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.

** Rate - Please refer to product labels as many products have concentrate spraying details on the Mixing/Application section of the label.

*** Restriction on use for wine grapes. This information is based on the 2019 ‘Dog book’ Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 19/20, by M Essling and A Lord, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, July 2019.

N/R – not required when used as directed.

NM - this use Not Mentioned in the Recommendations section of the ‘Dog book’.

Activity and chemical group Active ingredient Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes***

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola)

Group 29 fungicides − unspecified (2,6-dinitro-anilines)

fluazinam Shirlan Gem Emblem Ohayo 500 SC Tizca

100mL/100L N/R Dormancy application only.

Phomopsis viticola is a prohibited organism for WA. It is important that suspect infestations are reported, contact the Pest and Disease Information Service. If symptoms of Phomopsis are found, samples should be sent to an approved pathology laboratory to identify if it is Phomopsis or Diaporthe or from another cause before any chemical treatments are applied. Dormant spray only. Refer to label for re-entry requirements.

Group M3 fungicides − multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.

150-200g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/plant-biosecurity/phomopsis-viticola-prohibited-disease

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/biosecurity/pest-and-disease-information-service-padis

18


wine grapes***

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola) cont…


mancozeb Unizeb 420 SC

Eureka!

250–350ml/100L 30 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Do not mix with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur. Table grapes: Do not apply to table grapes after flowering has commenced.


Mancozeb +125g/kg Zinc EDTA complex

Manic 180-240g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.



metiram Polyram DF 150–200g/100L 14 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10 mm in diameter.

Group M1 + M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb and copper sulphate tribasic

Novofix Disperss 300–350g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb or copper sulphate tribasic after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M4 fungicides − multi-site activity (phthalimide)

captan Captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG

125g/100L 7 Restricted for use by some wineries. Contact your

winery or grape purchaser prior to use.

Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L

Refer to label for compatibility options with other chemicals. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


19


wine grapes***

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola) cont…

Group M4 and 4 fungicides − multi-site activity (phthalimide) and phenylamide

metalaxyl and captan

Duplex WG 300g/100L 7 NM

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M9 fungicides − multi-site activity quinone (anthraquinone)

dithianon Delan 700 WG Dragon 700 WG Dithianon 700 WG Dinon 700 WG Wrath 700 WG

50–75g/100L 21 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes (Red Globe): Dithianon products may cause leaf scorching.

Black spot (Elsinoe ampelina)

Group M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride Copper Oxychloride WP

Oxydul DF Cobox 500 WP Curenox 500 WP

500g/100L 1 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper oxychloride after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M1 + M3 fungicides − multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)

copper hydroxide and mancozeb

Mankocide DF 200-400g/100L 14 NM

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb or copper hydroxide after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/spring/black-spot-grapevines-western-australia

20


wine grapes***

Black spot (Elsinoe ampelina) cont…

Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient


Barmac Mancozeb DG

Kendon Mancozeb DF

KDPC Mancozeb 800 WP

200g/100L or 2–3kg/ha

14



Manic 240g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.



metiram Polyram DF 200g/100L 14 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


thiram Thiragranz Thiram DG Thiram 800 WG Thiram WP

150g/100L 7 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain thiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


21


wine grapes***



ziram Ziragranz Ziram DG Ziram WG Ziram Granuflo

150g/100L 7 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain ziram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 4 + M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

benalaxyl and mancozeb

Galben M 280g/100L or before flowering

1.9–2.8kg/ha

after flowering 2.8kg/ha

14 NM





Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L

Group 4 and M4 fungicides − phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)


Duplex WG 300g/100L NM



22


wine grapes***


Group M5 fungicides − multi-site activity chloronitriles (phthalonitriles)

chlorothalonil Fung-O-Nil 500 Conan 500 Whack 500

300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size

(not >4mm diameter).

Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

210mL/100L

Various registered products containing: 900g/kg chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

175g/100L

Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil. Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.

Group M9 fungicides − multi-site activity Quinone (anthraquinone)

dithianon Delan 700 WG Dinon 700 WG Dithianon 700 WG Dragon 700 WG Wrath 700 WG


Table grapes (Red Globe): Dithianon products may cause leaf scorching.


23


wine grapes***

Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)

Group 4 + M1 fungicides − phenylamide and multi-site activity (inorganic)

metalaxyl-M and copper hydroxide

Ridomil Gold Plus Before flowering 150–225g/ 100L After flowering

225g/100L

7 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

metalaxyl-M and copper oxychloride

Axiom Plus Copper Plus Medley Plus Zeemil Plus

150g/100L or before flowering

1-1.5kg/ha


Pre and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper hydroxide after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 3 fungicides − demethylation inhibitor − DMI (triazole) and Group 11 fungicides − quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)

tebuconazole and azoxystrobin

Custodia Dilute spraying: 100mL/100L

Concentrate

spraying: 1L/Ha

28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size


https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/table-grapes/downy-mildew-grapevines

24


wine grapes***

Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) cont…

Group 11 fungicides − quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy acrylate)

azoxystrobin Various registered products containing: 250g/L azoxystrobin as the only active ingredient

75–100mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size


Avior 800 WG Connect 800 WG

23.5–31.5g/100L

Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG

37.5–50g/100L

Amistar WG 37.5 or 50g/100L

Titan Azoxystrobin 500 WG 38-50g/100L

Pre-infection only

Group 11 fungicides − quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (oximino acetates)

trifloxystrobin Flint 500 WG (suppression only)

15g/100L 35 Use no later than E-L stage 31, berries pea-size (not >

7mm diameter).

Pre-infection only and Suppression only

Group 11 fungicides − quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy carbamate)

pyraclostrobin

Cabrio WG 50g/100L (+ 10mL non-ionic

surfactant)

21 Use no later than E-L 31 berries pea-size (not >7mm diameter) AND do not use within 63 days of harvest. Cabrio

Symbio 250 EC Pavo 250 EC Coupe 250

40mL/100L

Pre-infection only.


25


wine grapes***


Group 21 + M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic copper) + Qil fungicide (Quinone inside Inhibitors)

tribasic copper sulphate + amisulbrom

Amicus Blue Dilute spraying: 250mL/100L

Concentrate

spraying: refer to label

28 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not> 7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection only. Apply as a protectant after shoots are 10cm long. Do not apply more than two Amicus Blue fungicide sprays per season and follow the CropLife Australia resistance management guidelines. Refer to label for re-entry requirements.


26


wine grapes***


Group 33 fungicides − phosphonates

phosphorous acid Fungi-Fos 400 pH 7.2 Foli-R-Fos 400 Chemphos 400

300mL/100L N/R Restricted for use by some wineries. Contact your


Phospot 400 pH 7.2 Phospot 400 Phos Phyt 400 Phozguard 400 pH 7.2

300mL/100L 3L/ha early

season/small canopies

Rutec Fungi-Fos 400 3L/ha early season/small

canopies

Agri-Fos 400 pH 7.2 Agri-Fos Supa 400 Aus-Phoz Icon Phite 400 Sprayphos 400

3L/ha early season/small

canopies

4-6L/ha mid-late season/large

canopies

Fungex 400mL/100L 4L/ha

Various registered products containing: 600g/L phosphorous acid present as the mono and di potassium phosphonate.

2L/ha early season/small

canopies

2.7–4L/ha mid–late season/large

canopies


27


wine grapes***


Group 33 fungicides − phosphonates

phosphorous acid Sprayphos 620 Phozguard 620 Agri-fos 625

1.9L/ha early season/small

canopies. 2.6–3.9L/ha

mid–late season/large

canopies

N/R Restricted for use by some wineries. Contact your


Fosphite 2.6L/ha early season/small

canopies 3.5-5.2L/ha mid–late season/large

canopies

Phostrol 500 2.4L/ha early season/small

canopies 3.25-4.8L/ha mid–late season/large

canopies

Post-infection only - Apply as soon as possible after the infection event and before oil spots appear. Wine grapes: It is advised to contact your winery or grape purchaser prior to the application of any phosphorous acid spray. Table grapes: Phosphorus acid products are recommended for control of downy mildew where sprays need to be applied after berries reach 10mm diameter. Other products may leave unsightly residues on the berries through to harvest.


28


wine grapes***


Group 40 fungicides − carboxylic acid amides (cinnamic acid amides)

Dimethomorph

Acrobat SC Sphinx Downright

Dilute spraying

36mL/100L + mancozeb

(150g/100L of mancozeb 800)

or (160g/100L

mancozeb 750) or

+ metiram at 150–200g/100L

28

Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not >7mm

diameter) if only one application is made per season otherwise use no

later than E-L 25.

Dimethomorph Fungicide WP Acrobat

Dilute spraying

36g/100L + mancozeb

(120g/100L of mancozeb 800 or

160g/100L mancozeb 750) or + metiram at 150–

200g/100L


29


wine grapes***


Group 40 and M3 fungicides − carboxylic acid amides (cinnamic acid amides) and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

Dimethomorph and mancozeb

Acrobat WDG High volume: 200g/100L

Low volume: 2kg/ha

28

Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not >7mm


later than E-L 25.

Pre-infection only

Dilute spraying Apply with mancozeb or metiram (please consult label).

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain dimethomorph, mancozeb or metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 40 fungicides − carboxylic acid amides (mandelic acid amides)

mandipropamid Revus Refer to label N/R Use no later than E-L 26 (capfall complete).

Group 45 and 40 fungicides − QoSI (triazolo-pyrimidylamine) and carboxylic acid amides

Ametoctradin and Dimethomorph

Zampro 80mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not >7mm


later than E-L 25.

Pre-infection only


30


wine grapes***


Group M and M fungicides − multi-site activity (inorganic)

hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid*

Peratec Plus 1L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Suppression only. Do not mix with any other pesticides. Peratec Plus fungicide is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore good thorough coverage is required.

Group M1 fungicides − multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride Copper Oxychloride Copper Oxychloride WP Copper Oxychloride 50 WP Copper Oxychloride 500 WP Uni-Guard 500 WP Isacop 500 WP


Barmac Copper Oxychloride

250g/100L or 2.5kg/ha

Copper Oxychloride WP Oxydul DF Cobox 500 WP Curenox 500 WP

250–400g/100L

Cupro 375 WG Neoram 375 WG

270g/100L

Coppox WG Coppox WD

200g/100L


31


wine grapes***



copper ammonium complex

Copperguard

Liquicop

500mL/100L 1

(table grapes) 28

(wine grapes)


copper octanoate Tricop 1L/100L 1

cuprous oxide* Red Copper WG 150–195g/100L

AgCopp 75 55-105g/100L (min 0.7kg/ha)

Nordox 750 WG 100–130g/100L

copper sulphate tribasic*

Tri-Base Blue Tribasic Liquid

250–350mL/100L

Bordeaux WG 250-350g/100L

Cuprofix Disperss 250–400g/100L


32


wine grapes***



copper hydroxide* Kocide Opti 80–115g/100L 1 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Hydrocop WG 95–135g/100L

Champ 500WG 95–131g/100L

Vitra 400 WG 115–165g/100L

Kocide Blue Xtra 135–190g/100L

Champ Flowable 350 135–190mL/100L

Blue Shield DF 95–135g/100L

Champ Dry Prill WG 125–175g/100L

Copper oxychloride and copper hydroxide

Relyon Airone WG Fungicide

170-250g/100L


potassium bicarbonate and potassium silicate*

Ecocarb plus (suppression only)

400g/100L

+ 250mL Synertrol Horti-Oil

N/R Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Group M1 + M2 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride and sulphur

Mildex WG 300−400g/100L OR

3-4kg/ha



33


wine grapes***


Group M3 + M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate and inorganic)

mancozeb and copper hydroxide

Mankocide DF 200–400g/100L 14 n/a

Pre-infection only Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper octanoate after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M1 and M3 fungicides − multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb and copper sulphate tribasic

Novofix Disperss Copman Cuprofix Plus

Dilute spraying: 300–350g/ 100L

14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest

Pre- and post-infection Table grapes: Do not apply products after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 4 and M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

metalaxy-M and mancozeb

Ridomil Gold MZ WG 250g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre- and post-infection Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm diameter. Minor phytotoxic reactions on some varieties may occur under certain conditions.


34


wine grapes***



metalaxyl and mancozeb

Axiom MZ 720 Maxyl Zeemil MZB 720 WP Metal-Man MZ 720 Milor 720 WP Zeemil * 720 WG


metalaxyl and mancozeb

Max MZ 500mL/100L

Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


propineb and oxadixyl

Rebound WP 250g/100L 3 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain oxadixyl after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


mancozeb Unizeb 420 SC Eureka!

250–350mL/100L 30

(table grapes) 14

(wine grapes)


Pre-infection only Table grapes: Do not apply to table grapes after flowering has commenced. Do not mix with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur.


35


wine grapes***



mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.




Manic 240g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


metiram Polyram DF 200g/100L 14 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


zineb Zineb 150g/100L 7 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain zineb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


36


wine grapes***


Group 4 + M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

benalaxyl and mancozeb

Galben M 280g/100L or before flowering

1.9–2.8kg/ha


14 NM



Duplex WG 200-300g/L 7 NM




winery or grape purchaser prior to use. Captan 900 WG

Capitaine 900 WG 110g/100L

Pre- and post-infection - Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter. Refer to label for tank mix restrictions and re-entry period information.


37


wine grapes***




230-300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size


Applonil 720 Cheers 720 Chlorothalonil 720

210mL/100L

Chlorothalonil 720 Bravo weatherStik

160–210mL /100L

Various registered products containing: 720g/L and chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

1.8–2.3L/ha


1.5–1.9kg/ha

Pre-infection only - Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil. Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.


38


wine grapes***


Group M9 fungicides − multi-site activity quinone (anthraquinone)

dithianon

Delan 700 WG Dinon 700 WG Dithianon 700 WG Wrath 700 WG

50g/100L (apply a minimum of

500L/ha at shoots 10–15cm long and

a minimum of 1000L/ha thereafter)


Dragon 700 WG 25g/100L (apply a minimum of

500L/ha at shoots 10–15cm long and

a minimum of 1000L/ha thereafter)

Pre-infection only Table grapes (Red Globe): Dithianon products may cause leaf scorching.


39


wine grapes***

Botrytis bunch rot or grey mould (Botrytis cinerea)

Group 2 fungicides − dicarboximide (dicarboximide)

iprodione Various registered products containing: 250g/L iprodione as the only active ingredient.

200mL/100L 7 Restricted for use by some wineries. Contact your


Various registered products containing: 500g/L iprodione as the only active ingredient.

100mL/100L



Custodia Dilute spraying: 100mL/100L

Concentrate

spraying: 1L/Ha

28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size (not > 4 mm diameter).

Group 7 fungicides –

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridine carboxamides)

boscalid Filan 100–120g/ 100L 28 Do not treat vineyards that will or may be grazed by

livestock.

Restricted for use by some wineries. Contact your


Patron Boss Rinkals Boscalid 500

120g/100L

Consult your winery/grape purchaser prior to applying any boscalid spray.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/summer/know-your-grapevine-bunch-rots

40


wine grapes***

Botrytis bunch rot or grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) cont…

Group 9 fungicides − anilinopyrimidine

pyrimethanil Pyrus 400 SC

Scala Protector 400 SC

Dilute spraying 200mL/100L

water (maximum 2L/ha)

Concentrate spraying

Flowering:

1.5–2.0L/ha Post-flowering:

2.0L/ha

7 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Apply no more than 800 g

active per hectare (maximum 2 L of 400 SC

and 1.33 L of 600SC formulations).

pyrimethanil Predict 600 SC Dilute spraying 133mL/100L

water (maximum 1.33L/ha)


Flowering:

1–1.33L/ha Post-flowering:

1.33L/ha


41


wine grapes***



pyrimethanil Scala 600 SC Dilute spraying 125mL/100L

water (maximum 1.25L/ha)


Flowering:

1–1.25L/ha Post-flowering:

1.25L/ha


Apply no more than 800 g

active per hectare (maximum 2 L of 400 SC

and 1.33 L of 600SC formulations).

Table grapes only: Scala should only be used between colour change and harvest, should rain occur during this period. For best results apply before rain. Scala can be applied after rain but will be less effective. Thorough coverage of bunches is critical. White residue may be visible on the berries after spraying, but disappears with time.


cyprodinil Solaris 300 EC

Dilute spraying: 100mL/100L Concentrate

spraying: 1L/ha

28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries peppercorn size (not > 4 mm diameter) AND do not use within 60 days of

harvest

Do not apply at both flowering and growth stage E-L 29.

Group 9 and 12 fungicides − anilinopyrimidine and phenylpyrrole

cyprodinil/ fludioxonil

Switch Shaolin Missile

Dilute spraying: 80g/100L

Concentrate spraying: 800g/ha

28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries peppercorn size (not > 4 mm diameter) AND do not use within 60 days of

harvest

Do not apply at both flowering and growth stage E-L 29.


42


wine grapes***


Group 11 fungicides − quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)


75–100mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size (not > 4 mm diameter).

Avior 800 WG

Connect 800 WG

23.5–31.5g/100L

Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG Amistar WG

37.5–50g/100L


Do not use azoxystrobin alone for botrytis control at critical times such as 80–100% capfall and pre-harvest.

Group 17 fungicides − SBI:Class III (hydroxyanilide)

fenhexamid Teldor 500 SC 100mL/100L 21 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Table grapes: If Teldor 500 SC is used between colour change and harvest, white residue may be visible on the berries. If the fruit is cool-stored this residue may disappear.

Group 17 fungicides – hydroxyanilide (Amino-pyrazolinone)

fenpyrazamine Prolectus Dilute spraying: 100mL/100L (see

label for water rate) Concentrate

spraying: Refer to label


Do not apply more than one spray per season of a product containing fenpyrazamine. Table grapes: Apply as part of a botrytis program between 10% flowering (E-L 20) and up to seven days prior to harvest (E-L 28).


43


wine grapes***


Group 44 − microbial

Bacillus amyloliquefacins*

Serenade opti 250g/100L N/R May be used until harvest

Serifel 50-75g/100L

Pre-infection only Biological control for Botrytis cinerea



Peracetic acid Peractec fungicide

1-2L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Peratec Plus 1L/100L

Suppression only

Do not mix with any other pesticides.

Peratec Plus is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore good thorough coverage is required.


44


wine grapes***




Duplex WG 300g/100L 7 NM

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter. Refer to label for tank mix restrictions and re-entry period information.


captan

Captan

Captan WG

Captan 800 WG



Captan 900 WG

Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L



45


wine grapes***




230–300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size (not > 4 mm diameter).

Applonil 720 Cheers 720 Chlorothalonil 720

210mL/100L

Chlorothalonil 720 Bravo weatherStik

160–210mL/100L

Various registered products containing: 720g/L and chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

1.8–2.3L/ha


1.5–1.9kg/ha

Pre-infection only Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil. Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.

Group U1 fungicides – mode unknown

potassium salts of fatty acids*

Ecoprotector 20L/ha in 500–1000L


Compatible with copper hydroxide and sulphur fungicides. Do not add other pesticides.


46


wine grapes***


Not classified Trichoderma harzianum*

Trichodex Bio-fungicide 2 or 4 kg/ha NM NM

Biological control for Botrytis cinerea. Best results can be expected when applying in rotation with another fungicide. Start rotation at early flowering (E-L 19) followed by the other fungicide at 80% capfall (E-L 25). See label for notes on compatibility.

Not classified Aureobasidium pullulans*

Botector 100g/100L Maximum rate:

1kg/ha

N/R May be used until harvest

Biological control for Botrytis cinerea. Best results achieved from up to four applications per season between 80% capfall (E-L 25) and berries not quite ripe (E-L 37).

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator)

Group 3 fungicides − demethylation inhibitor − DMI (triazole)

hexaconazole Viva 300mL/ha (low-med volume)

30mL/100L (high volume)

21 n/a

Hex 50 SC Synan Hexagon 50 SC

30mL/100L 21

myclobutanil Myconil WG Stamina


Mycloss Xtra 16mL/100L

Systhane 125 EC 25mL/100L


https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/table-grapes/powdery-mildew-grapevines-western-australia

47


wine grapes***

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) cont…


penconazole Topas 100 EC Delos KDpc Azotic Ruby 100EC

12.5mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not > 7

mm diameter) AND do not use within 60 days of

harvest.

Pearl 6.25mL/100L


tebuconazole Tebuconazole 800 WG Laguna xtreme

16g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size (not > 4 mm diameter).

Tebuconazole 750 WDG 17.2g/100L

Buzz Ultra 750 WG Ultrateb 750 WG

17g/100L

Orius 430 SC Tebuconazole 430 SC Zolo 430 SC Tebucon 430 SC Toledo 430 SC

30mL/100L


tetraconazole Domark 40 ME

Mettle 40 ME

30mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not > 7


harvest.


48


wine grapes***



triadimenol Triadimenol 250 EC Tridim 250 EC Axidime 250 EC

10mL/100L or 10mL/ha


Bayfidan 250 EC Citadel

10mL/100L

Allitron 7mL/100L

triadimefon Slingshot fungicide Triad 125 Triadimefon 125 Triadimefon fungicide

20mL/100L 14

ChemAg Triadimefon fungicide

20mL/100L or 200mL/ha


difenoconazole Digger 25mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size (not > 4 mm diameter).


mefentrifluconazole Belanty 80mL/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 31, berries peasize (not > 7 mm

diameter).


49


wine grapes***




Custodia Dilute spraying: 65 or 100mL/100L

Concentrate

spraying: 1L/Ha


Pre-infection only

Group 3 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor – DMI (triazole) and Group M2 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)

sulphur and tebuconazole

Unicorn 745 WG Dilute spraying: 287g/100L

Concentrate spraying: refer to

label


Pre-infection only

Group 5 fungicides − amines morpholines (spiroketalamine)

spiroxamine Prosper 500 EC Spirox 500 EC

60mL/100L 28 (domestic)

Contact your winery or grape purchaser prior to use for wine intended for

export.

Use no later than 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only. Do not apply more than one late season Prosper spray.

Re-entry periods for certain unprotected work activities in grapevines has changed for spiroxamine products. Refer to label for details.


50


wine grapes***

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) cont… Group 7 fungicides –

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors

(N-methoxy-(phenyl-ethyl)-pyrazole-carboxamides)

pydiflumetofen Miravis 20mL/100L N/R Use no later than E-L 19, beginning of flowering when

caps start loosening.

Group 7 fungicides –

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors

(pyridine carboxamides)

boscalid Filan 100-120g/100L Harvest: 28

Grazing: Do not treat vineyards that will or may be grazed by

livestock.

Restricted for use by some wineries. Contact your


Pre-infection only. Consult your winery/grape purchaser prior to the application of any boscalid spray.

Group 11 fungicides − quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy carbamate)

pyraclostrobin Cabrio WG 50g/100L (include 10mL of non-ionic

surfactant)

21 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not > 7


harvest. Cabrio Pavo 250 EC Symbio 250 EC Coupe 250 EC

40mL/100L 21


51


wine grapes***


Group 11 fungicides − quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (oximino acetates)

trifloxystrobin Flint 500 WG Invictus 500 WG

15g/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not > 7

mm diameter).

Pre-infection only.

Group 11 fungicides − quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)


75−100mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size (not > 4 mm diameter).

Avior 800 WG Connect 800 WG

23.5–31.5g/100L

Amistar WG Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG

37.5–50g/100L


Pre-infection only. The higher rate refers specifically to powdery mildew management (refer to product label).

Group 13 fungicides − aza-naphthalenes (aryloxyquinoline)

quinoxyfen Legend Quinfen 250 SC

10–20mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 34 (before commencement of veraison) AND do not use within 42 days of harvest.


52


wine grapes***


Group 13 fungicides − aza-naphthalenes (quinazolinone)

proquinazid Talendo 25mL/100L 28 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only



Peratec Plus 1L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest

Suppression only

Do not mix with any other pesticides.

Peratec Plus is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore thorough coverage is required.

Group M1 and M2 fungicides − multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride and sulphur

Mildex WG 300−400g/100L OR

3-4kgs/ha


Pre-infection only Refer to product label for information on use of sulphur with oil products. There is a risk of phytotoxicity if sulphur is applied on hot or humid days, or if crop is suffering moisture stress.


copper ammonium complex

Copperguard Liquicop

500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)

28 (wine grapes)


Pre-infection only Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper ammonium acetate after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


53


wine grapes***



sulphur* Barmac Wettable Sulphur 200−300g/100L N/R Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Various registered products containing: 800g/L sulphur as the only active ingredient

200−350mL/100L

Various registered products containing: 800g/kg sulphur as the only active ingredient

Table grapes: 100−200g/100L

Wine grapes only: 200−600g/100L

Dusting Sulphur Refer to label Use no later than 12 weeks before harvest.

Pre-infection only There is a risk of phytotoxicity if sulphur is applied on hot days. Do not mix sulphur with oils. Refer to product label regarding further restrictions on use of sulphur with oil products.


potassium bicarbonate*

Ecocarb 400g/100L

+ 200mL Synertrol Horti-Oil


Post-infection only Ecocarb is a contact fungicide containing activated potassium bicarbonate that requires direct contact with the fungus for control. Ecocarb is highly alkaline. Do not mix with acidifying material.


54


wine grapes***



potassium bicarbonate and potassium silicate*

Ecocarb plus

400g/100L + 250mL Synertrol

Horti-Oil


Post-infection only Do not apply to late season black or red table grapes close to harvest. Do not apply oil sprays within 10 days of applying chlorothalonil.

Not classified paraffinic oil BioPest Isoclear HPONC23

1L/100L 1 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not > 7

mm diameter).

Pre-infection only Do not spray when temperatures exceed 32°C or vines are suffering moisture stress.

Group U6 fungicides – unknown (phenyl-acetamide)

cyflufenamid Flute 50 EW Cyflamid 50 EW

35mL/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not > 7

mm diameter).

Pre-infection only Do not apply more than two Flute 50 EW fungicide sprays per season and follow the Croplife Australia resistance management guidelines.

Group 50 fungicides – aryl-phenyl-ketone (benzophenone)

metrafenone Vivando 20mL/100L 35 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only


55


wine grapes***

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) cont… Group 50 fungicides – aryl-phenyl-ketone (benzoylpyridine)

pyriofenone Kusabi 300 SC 30mL/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (not > 7

mm diameter).

Pre-infection only Do not apply more than two Kusabi 300 SC fungicide sprays per season and follow the CropLife Australia resistance management guidelines.

Eutypa (Eutypa lata) Products registered for Eutypa control can be used for control of other trunk diseases in WA. See Pesticide regulation in WA.

Not classified Trichoderma harzianum*

Vinevax − Bioimplants 1 implant/vine N/R Dormancy treatment

Vinevax – Bio-injection 10mL/vine

Vinevax − Wound

Dressing

10g/L spray or 100g/L paste

If symptoms of Eutypa are found samples should be sent to an approved pathology laboratory for correct identification. Biological control for Eutypa lata Do not use with other pesticides, fertilisers or other material that may harm the fungus. Avoid treatment during sap flow in late winter and early spring.

Group 3 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor – DMI (triazole)

tebuconazole Greenseal Apply as paste on wounds

N/R Dormancy application only.

Use during dormant winter months as a pruning dressing.


https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/grapes-wine/eutypa-dieback-prohibited-disease

56


wine grapes***

Eutypa (Eutypa lata) cont…

Group 3 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor – DMI (triazole)

tebuconazole Gelseal 30mL/100L N/R Dormancy application only.

Apply at dormancy on fresh pruning wounds on the same day the pruning cut is made.

Group 3 and 28 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor DMI (triazole) and multi-site

cyproconazole and iodocarb

Garrison Apply as paste on wound

N/R Dormancy application only.

Apply at dormancy on fresh pruning wounds on the same day the pruning cut is made.

Group 29 fungicides – unspecified (2,6-dinitro-anilines)

fluazinam Emblem Gem

100mL/100L N/R Dormancy application only.

Use during dormant winter months as a pruning dressing. Refer to label for re-entry requirements.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/grapes-wine/eutypa-dieback-prohibited-disease

57

Grape pest monitoring and treatment calendar − Not all these pests will occur in your vineyard This is a guide only. The status of each pest varies across grape growing regions; monitor to avoid unnecessary or poorly timed sprays. Check specific recommendations under the following Insects, mites and molluscs table. Insects, mites and molluscs Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July African black beetle - adults • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • Snails APPLY BAIT • • • APPLY BAIT

Grapevine scale • • • CRAWLERS • • • •

Mites − blister and bud, bunch, rust • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • •

European earwig • APPLY BAIT ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • Katydid (green cricket) - shoots Carnarvon • • • • • • •

Mealybug - release predators after mid-Dec. • ■ • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • •

Cluster caterpillar - mainly for Carnarvon • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • •

Wingless grasshopper • • SPRAY and BAIT NOW ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • •

Apple weevil - overwintering adults • ■ ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Garden weevil • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • •

Spring beetle • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • •

Common auger beetle • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ •

Lightbrown apple moth & grapevine moth • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • •

Plague thrips/onion thrips FLOWERING TO FRUIT SET

Apple looper • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Heliothis caterpillar • • • ■ ■ ■ • • • •

Two-spotted mite & six-spotted mite • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • •

Rutherglen bug • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • •

Mediterranean fruit fly • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ •

Best time for spraying and baiting • Monitoring period ■ Major activity or damage period

58

Insects, mites and molluscs Under ‘Chemical group’ column:

WGP - contact your winery/grape purchaser prior to the application of a pesticide in this group. Under ‘Active ingredient’ column: * Organic production – active ingredient permitted. However some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to the inclusion of

certain inerts/inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions. # Note that the active ingredients chlorpyrifos and methidathion are in the category ‘Critical concern over retaining access’ under the

Agricultural Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines table grape agrichemical regulatory risk assessment. More detail available on the Hort Innovation website.

Under ‘Withholding period’ column: N/R - Not required when the pesticide is used as directed on the label.

Under ‘Restriction on use for wine grapes’ column: NM - this use not mentioned in the Recommendations section of the ‘Dog book’ - Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 19/20 compiled by Marcel Essling and Anne Lord, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia. June 2019.

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period

(days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes African black beetle (Heteronychus arator)

1B insecticide WGP chlorpyrifos # suSCon Green 20g/vine N/R NM

Incorporate into 2−4cm of soil surrounding rootlings, during or immediately after transplanting. See label for notes on efficacy and caution regarding vine vigour.

Common garden snail (Cornu aspersum), slugs and White Italian snail (Theba pisana)

1A insecticide WGP methiocarb Mesurol Snail and Slug Bait 5.5kg/ha or 11−22kg/ha

7 NM

For most infestations apply low rate. For heavy infestations or where plant growth is tall or dense apply higher rate. Apply April to May for best results. Repeat August to September if required. See label for other details on application. Keep away from domestic pets, especially dogs.

https://www.horticulture.com.au/growers/help-your-business-grow/research-reports-publications-fact-sheets-and-more/mt17019/

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/olives/african-black-beetle-horticulture

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pest-animals/snail-and-slug-control

59

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes

Common garden snail (Cornu aspersum), slugs and White Italian snail (Theba pisana) cont…

Insecticide (molluscicide)

iron EDTA complex Multiguard Snail and Slug Killer

15kg/ha 150g/100sq m

7 Ground application only. May be used until

harvest. Eradicate Snail and Slug Killer NM

Apply at 15kg/ha over entire field. If pest is localised, apply only where the pest occurs.

Snails and slugs


metaldehyde Various registered products Consult label for rates

7 Ground application only. Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Spread pellets evenly. DO NOT place in heaps. Domestic pets and livestock find the bait attractive and it may kill them.

Snails


copper & silicate salts * Socusil Snail Repellent Consult label for rates

N/R Dormancy spray only.

Consists of two components − see label for mixing instructions. Thoroughly wet trunk and infested canes prior to expansion of first new leaves. DO NOT spray foliage. Insecticide (molluscicide)

copper as buffered copper complex *

ESCAR-GO 1L/10sq m 1 Dormancy spray only.

Thoroughly wet trunk and infested canes prior to expansion of the first new leaves. DO NOT spray on foliage.

Grapevine scale (Parthenolecanium persicae)

1B insecticide WGP chlorpyrifos # Various registered products 100mL alone or 50mL + 1L

winter oil/100L

Dormant spray only NM

Dormant spray only. Apply following pruning when the vines are dormant. DO NOT use oil additive after bud swell.




60



Grapevine scale (Parthenolecanium persicae) cont…

1B insecticide WGP maldison Hy-Mal Insecticide 90mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L

3 NM

Fyfanon 440 EW 230mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L

Nufarm Maldison 500 125mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L

For wine grapes, dormant spray only. Apply during summer−autumn if scale population increases to point where biological control is no longer effective.

1B insecticide WGP methidathion (dormant treatment) #

Suprathion 400 EC 125mL/100L Dormant spray only. NM

Apply during winter months prior to bud movement.

1B insecticide WGP methidathion (spring and summer treatment) #

Suprathion 400 EC 75mL/100L 14 NM

Spring−summer treatment: Spray during late November−December. For late table grapes, spray early November and again late December. Thorough coverage is essential.

Unspecified class petroleum oil * Various registered products 3L/100L Dormant spray only Dormant spray only.

paraffinic oil * Various registered products

Dormant spray only. Apply following pruning when the vines are dormant. Most effective against newly emerged crawlers.

23 insecticide spirotetramat Movento 240 SC 40ml/100L with adjuvant

See label for concentrate rates

28 Use no later than E-L 18

Suppression only. DO NOT apply prior to 6 leaf stage, E-L 13. Continue to monitor crops and apply a second application 21-28 days after the first application. DO NOT apply any more than 2 applications. See label for information on export of treated produce.

61



Grapevine scale (Parthenolecanium persicae) cont…

4A insecticide + 27C insecticide

acetamiprid + pyriproxyfen

Trivor 40ml/100L or 800ml/ha

NR Use no later than E-L 25; one application only

Monitor crops from budburst and apply up to 2 applications when crawlers active. 21 day interval between applications. DO NOT apply to Table Grapes after E-L 25 and DO NOT apply to Wine Grapes after E-L 31.

Bud mite/Grapeleaf blister mite (Colomerus vitis)

M2 fungicide/miticide sulphur as a polysulphide *

Lime Sulphur Various registered products

Refer to label N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst

(E-L 4)

Spread of mites is checked by sulphur treatments used for powdery mildew.

M2 fungicide/miticide sulphur, present as elemental or crystalline sulphur *

Various registered products Rates vary depending upon

percentage active ingredient. Check

label carefully.

Consult label Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Some products are registered for grapeleaf blister mite and others for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary depending on product. Note caution on some labels in relation to applications of oil. Check label carefully. During summer, build-up of mites is checked by sulphur spraying for powdery mildew. An application immediately after harvest may aid control in vineyards where mites are severe.

Grapeleaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) and bunch mite (Brevipalpus sp.)

M2 fungicide/miticide sulphur, present as elemental or crystalline sulphur *

Various registered products Rates vary depending upon percent active

ingredient. Check label carefully.

Consult label. Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Some products are registered for grapeleaf rust mite and others for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary depending on product. Note caution on some labels in relation to applications of oil. Check label carefully. During summer, build-up of mites is checked by sulphur spraying for powdery mildew. An application immediately after picking may aid control where mites are severe.

62



Grapeleaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis)

M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur as a polysulphide *

Lime Sulphur Various registered products

Refer to Label N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst (E-L 4).

DO NOT apply if freezing weather is predicted or air temperature greater than 32°C. DO NOT apply within 2 weeks of an oil spray.

6 insecticide + abamectin + Voliam Targo 55ml/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 29 28 insecticide chlorantraniliprole

DO NOT retreat within 14 days. DO NOT make more than 2 applications of Voliam Targo or other Group 28 insecticides to grapes per season.

European earwig (Forficula auricularia)

1B insecticide WGP chlorpyrifos # Various registered products 5kg bait/ha N/R NM APVMA PER14868 applies to 30 Sept 2019 – permit held by a South Australian company and applies to SA and WA. Apply bait once in late winter/spring using a fertiliser spreader. Use higher rate for heavy infestations. Where birds are used for pest management DO NOT apply.

3A insecticide WGP pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide

Py-Bo 100mL/100L 1 NM

Thorough coverage of all foliage is essential.

22A insecticide indoxacarb Various registered products 17g/100L 56 NM

Suppression only. Only apply treatments if damage is likely to occur. DO NOT apply after pre-bunch closure E-L 31. Mealybug (Fam. Pseudococcidae)

1B insecticide WGP diazinon Diazinon Diazinon 800 Diazol 800

30mL/100L 14 NM

Spray late November-December. For late table grapes, spray early November, again late December, follow up if necessary. Thorough coverage essential.

1B insecticide WGP maldison Hy-Mal 90mL/100L 3 NM

Apply when the pest first appears.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/management-european-earwig

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/minor-fruits/mealybugs-grapevines-and-deciduous-fruit-tree-crops

63



Mealybug (Fam. Pseudococcidae) cont…

1B insecticide WGP maldison Fyfanon 440 EW 230mL/100L 3 NM

Apply when the pest first appears and repeat if pest population increases.

Insecticide, spray adjuvant

paraffinic oil * Bioclear Trump Spray Oil

4-6L with 306-460L/ha

N/R Dormant spray only.

Biopest iso CLEAR HPO

4-6L with 300-500L/ha

1

A tank mix using insecticide improves control.

Insecticide, spreader petroleum oil * Biocover 4-6L with 306-460L/ha

N/R NM

Dormant spray only. A tank mix using insecticides improves control.

Longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus)

1B insecticide WGP methidathion # Suprathion 400 EC 125mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during late November- December. For late table grapes, spray early November and again late December. Thorough coverage is essential.

16 insecticide buprofezin Various registered products 30-60mL/100L 56 table grapes

Use no later than 80% cap-fall.

Apply twice, 14-21 days apart, starting when the first emergence of crawlers is observed. Use the high rate when heavy infestations occur and/or where IPM systems have not effectively managed pest populations. Note caution on label if releasing predators.

4A insecticide clothianidin Samurai 800g/ha N/R NM

Soil application for wine and table grapes. Apply between budburst E-L 4 and beginning of flowering E-L 19. See label for more information.

4A insecticide WGP clothianidin Samurai 40g/100L 7 table grapes only

Not registered for use on wine grapes.

This product is not registered for use on wine grapes as a foliar spray; table grapes only. Dilute foliar spray.



64



Longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus) cont…



28 Use no later than E-L 18

Also registered for control of tuber or obscure mealybug (Pseudococcus viburni). Apply no earlier than E-L 13. Continue to monitor crops and apply a second application 21 to 28 days after the first application if necessary. Table grapes: DO NOT harvest until 4 weeks after application. Also provides suppression only of grapevine scale, plague thrips and northern plague thrips. See label for information on export of treated produce. 4A insecticide + 7C insecticide



NR Use no later than E-L 25; one application

only.

DO NOT apply to Table Grapes after E-L 25 and DO NOT apply to Wine Grapes after E-L 31. 4C Insecticide WGP sulfoxaflor Transform 30 – 40 mL/100L

Table grapes. 30mL/100L

Wine grapes.

N/R NM

Transform WG 20 g/100 L Table grapes.

15 g/100L Wine grapes.

DO NOT apply later than 80% cap-fall. Best control will be achieved with 2 applications 14-21 days apart.

Cluster caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)

With a change in regulations to the WA Health Act, products registered for use on grapes to control other moth pests can be used to control cluster caterpillar.

Grasshoppers

1A Insecticide WGP carbaryl Cricket and Grasshopper Killer Bait

60kg/ha 100 pellets/ sq. m

N/R NM

Broadcast pellets over area to be treated. DO NOT heap pellets or apply near water bodies.


https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/locusts-and-grasshoppers-economic-considerations-management

65



Wingless grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum)

1B insecticide WGP fenitrothion Various registered products 300mL/ha 14 NM

Usually invades vineyards from surrounding pasture. Monitor for source and treat with sprays or baits in pasture against nymphs. Birds are effective predators.

22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar Hoprole 300 WG Incarnate 300 WG

17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 but DO NOT use within

56 days of harvest.

Spray when local thresholds have been reached and damage is being observed. Thorough coverage is essential. DO NOT repeat within 10 days.

Nymphs of some grasshoppers and locusts including wingless grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum) and Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)

Biological insecticide Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridinium spores *

Green Guard SC Premium 500mL in 75-225L/ha

N/R 24 hour re-entry period.


Refer to label for details on this biological control agent and preparing the products for application.

Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)

1B insecticide WGP diazinon Diazinon Diazinon 800 Diazol 800

65mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during late November-December. For late table grapes, spray early November, again late December and follow up if necessary. Thorough coverage is essential.

1B insecticide WGP fenitrothion Various registered products 270-400mL/ha 14 NM

Refer to label for instructions on spray procedures and buffer zones.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/land-use/wingless-grasshoppers-and-their-control




https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/invasive-species/australian-plague-locust-overview

66



Apple weevil (Otiorhynchus cribricollis): primarily overwintering adults, insecticides for garden weevil can be used to control apple weevil also.

3A insecticide WGP alpha-cypermethrin Various registered products 100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only.

NM

Monitor young vines during spring and early summer and apply at the first signs of leaf damage. Spray the leaves, canes and the soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after 3 weeks. Apply the same total amount to the target crop whether applying this product by dilute or concentrate spraying methods. Consult label.

Garden weevil (Phlyctinus callosus)


NM

Monitor young vines during spring and early summer. Apply at first signs of leaf damage. Spray leaves, shoots and soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after 3 weeks.

3A insecticide WGP esfenvalerate Sumi-Alpha Flex 30mL/100L N/R NM

DO NOT apply last application later than growth stage E-L 31. Apply after peak weevil emergence in late spring but before damage. Apply at least 500L of solution per hectare at night. Second application 2-4 weeks later may be required. This product may cause outbreak of secondary pests. DO NOT apply more than twice per season.

22A insecticide indoxacarb Various registered products 17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 DO NOT use later than 56 days before harvest.

Apply when damage to canopy observed. Thorough coverage essential. Monitor after spraying. Maximum of two applications per season. DO NOT use more than two consecutive seasons.

6A insecticide + 28 insecticide

abamectin + chlorantraniliprole

Voliam Targo 55ml/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 29.

Suppression only. DO NOT retreat within 14 days. DO NOT make more than 2 applications of Voliam Targo or other Group 28 insecticides to grapes per season. Common auger beetle (Xylopsocus gibbicollis)


Spray during spring and preferably at monthly intervals or at first signs of adult feeding or egg laying activity.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pest-insects/identifying-soil-beetle-pests

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/garden-weevil-vineyards

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/grapes-wine/common-auger-beetle-vineyards

67



Lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana)

1B insecticide WGP chlorpyrifos # Various registered products 50mL/100L 14 NM

Cyren 500 WP 50g/100L or 500g/ha

Lorsban 750 WG 33g/100L or 333g/ha

Make first application just after berry set. Repeat as required.


Spray when caterpillars are first noticed and repeat applications if necessary at 14−21 day intervals.

28 insecticide chlorantraniliprole Altacor Hort 9g + non-ionic surfactant at 15g ai/100L


DO NOT apply after bunch closure. Max of two applications. See label for details. See instructions regarding drift to non-target crops.

11C insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai *

Bacchus WG 50-200g/100L Check label

N/R May be used until harvest.

Apply at first sign of infestation as high volume spray, and repeat as required to maintain control of pests.

11C insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki *

Dipel DF Delfin Delfin WG

25−100g/ 100L N/R May be used until harvest.

Biocrystal 25mL−100mL/100L NM

See label for application methods.

1A insecticide WGP methomyl Various registered products 150mL/100L 7 NM

Apply during early shoot growth/ flowering and then just prior to bunch closure if lightbrown apple moth is noted. Control at later stages of bunch development is difficult.

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Lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) cont…

Mating disruption pheromone

tetradecenyl acetate and tetradecadienyl acetate *

LBAM plus Pheromone LBAM Pheromone MD Flex LBAM Pheromone

500 dispensers/ha N/R NM

Splat LBAM HD-0 625 to 1000g/ha

Refer to Label

4A insecticide + 7C insecticide



N/R Use no later than E-L 25; one application

only. DO NOT apply to Table Grapes after E-L 25. DO NOT apply to Wine Grapes after E-L 31. Apply up to 2 applications per season targeting pre-flowering infestations with a 7-14 day interval.

18 insecticide methoxyfenozide Methoxycrop 240 Prodigy Peregrine Venturi

25mL/100L 21 Use no later than E-L 25.

Read label for more information.


Applications to be timed for each egg hatch. Thorough fruit coverage is essential. Maximum of three applications to each crop. Read label carefully for comments on spraying methods.

3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide

Beat-a-bug concentrate 2.5L/100L 1 NM

Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary.

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Lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) cont…

6A insecticide emamectin benzoate Proclaim Proclaim Opti Energise

15g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 DO NOT use later than 56 days before harvest.

Warlock 40mL/100L DO NOT apply after bunch closure. Apply in a minimum of 250L/ha. DO NOT apply more than twice to any fruit crop in any one season. Check label carefully. DO NOT use on grapes grown for dried fruit production.

5 insecticide spinetoram Delegate 10g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 31.

Target sprays against mature eggs and newly hatched larvae. DO NOT apply more than four times to any fruit crop in any one season. Addition of non-ionic wetting agent may improve control. Biological control agent

Trichogramma carverae * Trichogramma parasitic wasp

Refer to supplier recommendations


Refer to label.

6 insecticide + 28 insecticide


Voliam Targo 55ml/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 29.


Grapevine moth (Phalaenoides glycinae)

1B insecticide WGP chlorpyrifos # Various registered products 50mL/100L 14 NM

Make first application just after berry set. Repeat as required.

1B insecticide WGP maldison Hy-Mal 55mL/100L 3 NM

Fyfanon 440

140ML/100L

Apply when pest first appears. Repeat if pest population increases.

1B insecticide WGP trichlorfon Dipterex 500 SL Lepidex 500

250mL/100L 2 NM

Spray when pests are first seen and repeat if necessary.

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Grapevine moth (Phalaenoides glycinae) cont…


Spray when caterpillars are noticed during spring and early summer. Repeat if necessary.

11C insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai *

Bacchus WG 50-200g/100L Check label


Apply at first sign of infestation as high volume spray, and repeat as required to maintain control of pests.

11C insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki *

Dipel DF Delfin Delfin WG

25−100g/ 100L N/R May be used until harvest.

Biocrystal 25mL−100mL/100L NM

See label for application methods.


Apply during early shoot growth/flowering if pests are a problem and again just before bunches close, if required. Control of later grub stages is difficult.

6A insecticide emamectin benzoate Energise Proclaim Proclaim OPTI

15g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 DO NOT use later than 56 days before harvest.

Warlock 40mL/100L

DO NOT apply after bunch closure. Apply in a minimum of 250L/ha. DO NOT apply more than twice to any fruit crop in any one season. DO NOT use on grapes grown for dried fruit production.

5 insecticide spinetoram Delegate 3g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 31

Target sprays against mature eggs and newly hatched larvae when numbers exceed threshold. Apply at 7–14 day intervals as new infestations occur. DO NOT apply more than four Group 5 insecticides in any season.


Apply when local thresholds reached. Thorough coverage essential. DO NOT re-treat within 10 days. Post-harvest infestations can be treated.

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Grapevine moth (Phalaenoides glycinae) cont…

Biological control agent

Trichogramma carverae * Trichogramma parasitic wasp

Refer to suppliers recommendations


Refer to label.

3A insecticide WGP garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide


Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary.



Voliam Targo 55ml/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 29


28 insecticide chlorantraniliprole Altacor Hort 9g + non-ionic surfactant @

15gai/100L

56 Use no later than E-L 25.

DO NOT apply more than two applications per season. DO NOT apply after bunch closure.

Plague thrips (Thrips imaginis)

3A insecticide WGP tau-fluvalinate Klartan Mavrik Aquaflow

20mL/100L N/R table grapes only

DO NOT use on wine grapes.

These products are not registered for use on wine grapes. Table grapes only: Apply just prior to the start of flowering when a significant population of thrips can be found. A second application may be required depending on pest pressure 10−14 days later. This second application must not be applied outside the flowering period.




https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/thrips-pests-pome-and-stone-fruit?page=0%2C0

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Thrips (general)

3A insecticide WGP pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide

Py-Bo 100mL/100L 1 NM

Thorough coverage of all foliage is essential.



28 Use no later than E-L 18.

Suppression only – see label for application details. Apply no earlier than 6 leaf stage, E-L 13. Continue to monitor crops and apply a second application 21 to 28 days after the first application if necessary. Table grapes: DO NOT harvest until 4 weeks after application. Also registered for mealybug control and suppression of grapevine scale. See label for information on export of treated produce.

Cutworm (Agrotis spp.)

1A insecticide WGP carbaryl Bugmaster Carbaryl 500 SC Carbaryl 500 Flowable

160−200mL/100L N/R NM

Carbaryl Wettable Granule 130g/100L

Trunk treatment only. Apply at first sign of pest activity around the base of vines and every 2 weeks as necessary. Use higher rate where high insect pressure occurs.

Pink cutworm (Agrotis munda)


NM

Monitor young vines during spring and early summer and apply at the first signs of leaf damage. Spray leaves, canes and soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after 3 weeks.

Caterpillars - general




https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/thrips-pests-pome-and-stone-fruit?page=0%2C0

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/diagnosing-cutworm-canola-and-pulses

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/diagnosing-cutworm-canola-and-pulses

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Apple looper (Phrissogonus laticostata)

With a change in regulations to the Health Act, products registered for use on grapes to control other moth pests can be used to control apple looper.

Heliothis caterpillar (Helicoverpa spp.)

With a change in regulations to the Health Act, products registered for use on grapes to control other moth pests can be used to control heliothis.

Vine moth (Theretra oldenlandiae)


Apply when population indicates need.

1B insecticide WGP maldison Fyfanon 440 WC 140mL/100L 3 NM

Apply when pests appear and repeat if pest population increases.

Two-spotted mite (Tetranychus urticae)



Voliam Targo 55ml/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 29


10B insecticide etoxazole ParaMite 35mL/100L 21 Use no later than 21 days before harvest.

See label for application details. Demonstrated to have activity against six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus).

Six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus)

10B insecticide etoxazole ParaMite 35mL/100L 21 Use no later than 21 days before harvest.

Registered for use against two-spotted mite but demonstrated to have activity against six-spotted mite. With a change in regulations to the WA Health Act, use of this product on grapes to control six-spotted mite is permitted. See label for application details.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/apple-looper-pest-apples-and-grapevines

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/grains/management-and-economic-thresholds-native-budworm

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/miticides-wa-deciduous-fruit-trees

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/avocados/six-spotted-mite-pest-avocados-and-grapevines

74



Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor)



Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary. 3A insecticide pyrethrins PyGanic 150-200mL/100L N/R NM

CLEAN UP SPRAY. To remove insects prior (3-12 hrs.) to harvest. Maximum 3 sprays at 3 day intervals.

Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – foliar baiting

5 insecticide spinosad * Eco-Naturalure fruit fly bait concentrate

Refer to Permit N/R NM

PER 80719 expires 31 March 2020

1B insecticide WGP add a protein bait, see below.

maldison Hy-Mal 435mL + 2L protein bait/100L

2 NM

DO NOT apply mixtures of Hy-Mal with the protein Flavex. Refer to label for further instructions.

1B insecticide WGP add a protein bait, see below.

trichlorfon Dipterex 500 SL Lepidex 500

125mL + 320mL protein bait/16L

2 NM

Apply as coarse spray to lower foliage at about weekly intervals. Commence application 2 weeks before crop is susceptible or as required by pest monitoring and the program of cover sprays. Heavy rain may necessitate reapplication.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/diagnosing-rutherglen-bug

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/fruit/mediterranean-fruit-fly

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Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – protein baits to mix with insecticides (see above)

Unspecified Class yeast autolysate Bugs for Bugs Fruit Fly lure

NATFLAV 500 Fruit Fly lure

2L/100L N/A NM

yeast hydrolysate Flavex

Cera Bait

2L/100L

Refer to insecticide labels for details and restrictions on mixing and applying protein baits and insecticides.

Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – cover spray

1B insecticide WGP maldison Fyfanon 440 EW 140 to 230 mL/100L 3 NM

DO NOT exceed four applications per crop per season with a minimum re-treatment interval of 7 days.

1B insecticide WGP trichlorfon Dipterex 500

Lepidex 500

250mL/100L 2 DO NOT use on Wine Grapes

Table grapes only. PER12439 expires 31 May 2021. DO NOT exceed six applications per crop per season with a minimum re-treatment interval of 7 days.

4A insecticide WGP clothianidin Samurai 40g/100L 7 DO NOT use on Wine Grapes

Apply three consecutive foliar sprays 7 days apart when monitoring indicates fruit fly activity. Refer to label for notes on complimentary management practices and impact on bees.



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Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – post harvest

1B insecticide WGP dimethoate Various registered products 75mL/100L N/R NM

Post-harvest foliar and/or ground cover spray. APVMA permit PER13859 expires 31 July 2024. DO NOT treat any host plants until after final harvest.

DO NOT apply more than 2 applications per host crop following harvest. Produce treated under this permit must not be harvested, collected or supplied for human or animal consumption.


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Herbicides

Knockdown herbicides Knockdown herbicides control established weeds only. They may have contact, translaminar, partially systemic or systemic activity. Ensure product is registered for application to targeted weed species in Western Australia prior to use.

* Organic production under ‘Active ingredient’ heading – active ingredient permitted. Some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to the inclusion of certain inerts / in actives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.

Resistant

group Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Certain grass weeds

A fluazifop-p as butyl ester Various registered products containing fluazifop-p as butyl ester as the only active constituent.

Rates vary with target weed species, refer to label.

Apply at not less than 200L/ha. Direct spray to base of vine. The addition of an adjuvant is recommended. Withholding period of 4 weeks applies.

A quizalofop-P-ethyl Agvantage QPE 100 EC Elantra Xtreme

Opal QPE 200

AC Quiza PE 200

65−125mL/100L

quizalofop-P-ethyl Various registered products containing quizalofop-P-ethyl as the only active constituent.

50-250mL/ha

quizalofop-P-tefuryl Pantera 125−250mL/100L

Check labels for correct rate. Apply when weeds are growing actively. Thoroughly wet target weeds (especially well established clumps) without causing run- off. Repeated sprays may be necessary for perennial grasses.

78

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Annual and perennial grass weeds

A haloxyfop-P methyl ester Various registered products containing haloxyfop-P-methyl ester as the only active constituent.

200−400mL/ha

haloxyfop-R methyl ester Various registered products containing haloxyfop-R methyl ester as the only active constituent.

200-800mL/ha

Knockdown herbicide. Check label for optimal rates of application for target grass species. Spray should be directed to base of vine avoiding contact with fruit and foliage.

Broadleaf weeds and control of unwanted suckers (water shoots) arising from main stem or trunk

G carfentrazone-ethyl Various registered products containing carfentrazone-ethyl as the only active constituent.

Rates vary with situation and application method. Refer to

label.

Broadleaf weeds − Post-emergent herbicide to be added to knockdown herbicides to improve control of certain broadleaf weeds. Apply only as a tank mix with recommended rates and brands of knockdown herbicides. Unwanted suckers (water shoots) arising from main stem or trunk. Apply to suckers less than 300mm long, before any lignification is present. Read label carefully for further details and restrictions on use due to vine age.

Kikuyu and couch grass

J 2,2-DPA as sodium salt Atlapon Dalapon 740 SP

10 kg/ha

Vines must be at least 4 years old. Apply direct spray into vine row. Do not exceed 10kg/ha per year. Half rate at 10 to 14 day intervals will improve weed control and minimise risk to vines. Do not allow applications to contact green tissue and buds of vines.

79

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Wide range of grasses and some broadleaf weeds L paraquat Various registered products

containing paraquat as the only active constituent.

1.2-3.2L/ha

Spray as necessary for control of annual weeds. Avoid contacting crop foliage.

L and Q paraquat + amitrole

Various registered products containing paraquat + amitrole as the only active constituents.

Refer to label rates

Recommended that vines are at least 3 years old. Refer to label for details.

Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

L paraquat + diquat Various registered products containing paraquat + diquat as the only active constituents.

2.4−3.2L/ha

Thoroughly wet plant foliage. Use higher rate for dense more established weed growth.

Capeweed

L diquat dibromide Various registered products containing diquat dibromide as the only active constituent.

Refer to label rates.

Check label for direction on additives for effective treatment.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Broad range of annual and perennial weeds

M glyphosate as ammonium salt Bazooka 800 SG Bazooka Dry 800 Glyphosate 800


Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit. It is recommended that these products not be used on vines younger than 3 years old unless shielded. Check label.

M glyphosate as isopropylamine salt (ipa)

Various registered products containing glyphosate-ipa as the only active constituent.


Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit. It is recommended that some products not be used on vines younger than 3 years, check label.

M glyphosate as mono-ammonium salt (mas)

Various registered products containing glyphosate-mas as the only active constituent.


glyphosate-ipa + mas Banish 360 Sync Weedmaster Duo

Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit. Rate varies considerably depending on the product, application method and targeted weed species. Refer to additional comments on label of selected product. Do not apply around vines which are less than 3 years old. Some products may be used prior to establishment. Application restrictions may apply depending on vine age and timing of application. Note: product registration may vary depending on targeted weed species.

81

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

M glyphosate-ipa + potassium salt Weedmaster Argo

Accensi Glyphosate 600 Refer to label rates.

glyphosate – potassium salt Various registered products containing glyphosate as potassium salt as the only active constituent.

glyphosate – potassium salt + mas Roundup Dual Salt Technology Weedmaster DST

glyphosate mas + acid Bazooka Dry 800 SG Glyphosate 900

glyphosate – mea Clearup 450 SL Growler M Smart Gone 450 Wipe-Out Plus

M+G glyphosate–ipa + carfentrazone ethyl

Broadway

Rate varies considerably depending on the product, application method and targeted weed. Refer to additional comments on label of selected product. Some products may be used prior to establishment. Restrictions may apply depending on vine age and timing. Product registration may vary depending on targeted weed species.

N glufosinate-ammonium Various registered products containing glufosinate-ammonium as the only active constituent

Rates vary with brand and target weed species. Refer to label.

Apply as a directed or shielded spray. Avoid contact with green or un-calloused bark. The recommended rate is determined by weed species, stage of growth, density and climatic conditions.

82

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Broadleaf weeds and grasses

Q amitrole + ammonium thiocyanate AGGRAV8 Amitat Amitrole 250 Amitrole 47T Amitrole T Amon

Rates vary with brand and target weed species. Refer to label.

F + M

amitrole + glyphosate as ipa + ammonium thiocyanate

Illico Non-Selective 6-12L/Ha

Apply when weeds are small and actively growing. Repeat application in 6−8 weeks. Apply as directed, spray to weeds only.

Q+L amitrole + paraquat dichloride Alliance Para-Trooper

Rates vary with spray application method. Refer to label.

Registered for use with established grapevines (minimum 3 years-old). Spray young weeds during late winter to spring–summer as required.

Unspecified pine oil* Organix Weed Blitz BioWeed Organic Herbicide

Rates vary with target weed species. Refer to label.

Do not allow spray to contact crop plants.

Young annual and perennial weeds and grasses

Unspecified nonanoic acid Slasher Mix 7L per 100L water. Apply 900 - 1400L spray per ha

Apply at early vegetative stage of weeds. Best results are obtained a 4-8 leaf stage when weed canopy is less than 15cm in height. Established weeds may require more than one application. Repeat spray after 7 days if required. Spray over all weed foliage to ensure full foliage penetration and coverage.

83

Residual herbicides Residual or pre-emergence herbicides control germinating weed seeds before they emerge, some can be effective up to the two-leaf stage. Control relies on a chemical barrier in the surface of the soil. Note: ensure product is registered for application to targeted weed species in Western Australia prior to use.

Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Annual broadleaf weeds and grasses

C simazine Various registered products containing simazine as the only active constituent.

Rates vary depending on product. Refer to label.

For use on vines that have been established for a minimum period (check label for details). In the first year of use, split applications may be preferred. Rate may vary with soil type. Use lowest rate on sandy alkaline soils. The same product name may differ in chemical application rate.

D pendimethalin Cronos 440EC Panda 435 Panida Grandé Rifle 440 Stomp Aqua Herbicide

6.7−9L/ha

Do not apply to grapevines after budswell. For best results, apply to soil free of weeds, surface litter and clods. Requires a minimum amount of rain/irrigation soon after application or weed control may be reduced.

84

Resistant group


Annual broadleaf weeds and grasses (cont…)

D pendimethalin Charger 330 EC Cyclone 330 EC Fist 330 Ipimethalin 330 Pendant

Pendimethalin 330 Pendimethalin 330 EC Pendi 330 Rifle 330

9−12L/ha

Panida Max 6.23−8.33L/ha

Do not apply to grapevines after budswell. Products can affect emergence and growth of certain cover crops if sown into treatment band within 12 months of application (check label for recommendations). Use the higher rate on medium to heavy textured soils and lower rate on light textured soils. Use a directed spray avoiding spray contact with green bark, fruit and foliage.

D pendimethalin Pendimethex 5-6L/ha Apply to dormant grapevines before buds start to swell. Apply as a bare ground treatment. On established plantings, where simazine safety has been proven, simazine may be added as a tank mix at recommended rates. May be used around one year old vines. Avoid spray contact with green bark or drift on to green buds or foliage. May be mixed with knockdown herbicides if small weeds are present but should otherwise be applied to bare earth. Irrigation or rain should follow within10 days of application or weed control may be reduced.

Grasses and broadleaf weeds

D oryzalin Cameo 500 Oryzalin 500 Sharp Shooter 500 SC Surflan 500

4.5−9.5L/ha

oryzalin Prolan 500 Stonewall

4.5−9.9L/ha

Vineyards on medium loam or heavier soil types, heavily infested with crab grass may be sprayed with the higher chemical rate. Refer to label for specific critical comments for use in Western Australia.

85

Resistant group


Grasses and broadleaf weeds (cont…)

D trifluralin Various registered products containing trifluralin as the only active constituent.


Application rate varies with soil type. Apply to new planting during pre-plant cultivation. Apply to established crops in spring after weeds and green manure crop have been ploughed into ground. Refer to label for suitable method of incorporation.

F norflurazon Zoliar DF Zoliar 800 DF

1.25−5kg/ha

Not recommended for grapes grown in sand or loamy sand soils with less than 1% organic matter and pH greater than 7.5 as veinal chlorosis may occur.

Certain grasses and broadleaf weeds

G oxyfluorfen Various registered products containing oxyfluorfen as the only active constituent.


Do not apply once budswell has occurred. Apply during dormancy on vineyards where vines are older than 3 years. Use the higher rate when longer residual control is required (up to 4 months).

Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

G Flumioxazin Chateau Herbicide 560-700g/ha treated

Needs at least 15 mm of irrigation or rain to activate, and therefore should be applied during the main rainfall period. Avoid direct or indirect spray contact to foliage and green bark (non-barked vines, with the exception of undesirable suckers).

O dichlobenil Casoron G Sierraron4G

60−152 kg/ha treated

Spread the granules evenly over the soil of the area to be treated. Remove existing weeds by hand, desiccation or cultivation. Use higher rate on heavier soils. Rates vary depending on product check label for specific rate.

Certain broadleaf weeds

O isoxaben Gallery 750 375−750g/ha treated

Use higher rate where weed pressure is high or where longer residual activity is required. Must be activated by at least 12.5mm rainfall or sprinkler irrigation within 21 days of application.

86

Plant growth regulators (PGR’s) ** Rate – Please refer to product labels as rates vary depending upon percentage active ingredient and variety. N/R – not required when used as directed.

Active ingredient

Trade names Rate** Withholding period (days)

Comments

To promote uniform colouring of certain varieties of table grapes

ethephon Various products containing ethephon as the only active constituent.

Rates vary depending upon crop, percentage active constituent and variety. Check product label carefully.

14 Apply when 5−30% of berries are coloured. Use higher rates to maximise colouring effects required. Ensure thorough coverage of bunches, although the foliage need not be completely covered. Best results are achieved with a uniform application of fine droplets under calm conditions. ethephon: − may reduce firmness of grapes. Do not use on grapes intended for long-term

cool storage. − may be less effective on some varieties in seasons where extreme heat

waves occur.

S-Abscisic Acid

ProTone® SG EuroChem RED COLOURING AGENT

N/R Use only as directed. Read the label thoroughly and make sure it is understood before making applications of ProTone® SG and EuroChem RED COLOURING AGENT.

To promote increased berry size in certain varieties of table grapes

forchlorfenu-ron

Sitofex®10EC Ambitious CPPU 10 Prestige®10EC

50–100mL/100L water

N/R It is sufficient to spray the fruit only as forchlorfenuron is not translocated from leaves to fruit. Good berry thinning is essential when using Sitofex®. Gibberellic acid (GA3) thinning sprays should be applied as recommended for each variety. Maximum berry size is obtained when forchlorfenuron is mixed with a GA3 sizing spray. Forchlorfenuron can produce poor colour development and off flavours with some varieties in some seasons.

87

Active ingredient


Comments

To promote desirable harvest effects to certain varieties of table grapes

gibberellic acid

Various products containing gibberellic acid as the only active constituent.

Rates vary depending upon percentage active constituent and variety. Check product label carefully. Follow label instructions on the use of wetting agent.

N/R Times of application vary, depending on variety. Check product label carefully. Do not apply to vines under pest, nutritional or water stress. Do not apply when there is insufficient soil moisture to support rapid plant growth. Do not exceed recommended rates of wetting agent as russeting (berry scarring) may occur. Thorough coverage of bunches is essential. Contact your local agronomist or Agriculture and Food at the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development for further information.

88

Active ingredient


Comments

To promote even and/or early budburst and uniformity in table grapes and even budburst and uniformity in wine grapes

cyanamide Dormex® Table grapes 3-5L/100L water

Wine grapes 2-3L/100L water

N/R Do not apply after natural budburst has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application of Dormex®. Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons, using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst will usually occur 30-35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application, it could occur 14-21 days later. Note: 1. New shoots may be damaged by frost if Dormex® is applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst, low temperatures at flowering may reduce fruit set. Lower dose rates should be used when there has been a cold winter to naturally chill the crop. 2. Applying Dormex® close to budburst may have phytotoxic effects and delay budburst. 3. The addition of a non-ionic wetting agent, such as ‘Shirwet’ 600 Spray Activator Wetting and Spreading Agent at a rate of 50mL/100L of spray solution, is recommended to ensure thorough wetting of the vines.

Cyan™ 3-5L/100L water

N/R Do not apply after natural budburst has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application. Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons, using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst is usually 30−35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application it could occur 14-21 days later. Note: 1. New shoots may be damaged by frost. If applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst, low temperatures at flowering may reduce fruit set. Lower dose rates should be used when there has been a cold winter to naturally chill the crop. 2. The addition of a non-ionic wetting agent is recommended to ensure thorough wetting of the vines.

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Active ingredient


Comments

To promote even and/or early budburst and uniformity in table grapes and even budburst and uniformity in wine grapes (cont…) cyanamide Duomax HC520

Table grapes 3-5 L/100L water Wine grapes 2-3L/100L water

N/R Do not apply after natural bud-break has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application of Duomax HC520. Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst is usually 30−35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application it could occur 14-21 days later. Bud break will usually occur 30−35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application it could occur 14-21 days later. Note: 1. New shoots may be damaged by frost. If applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst, low temperatures at flowering may reduce fruit set. Lower dose rates should be used when there has been a cold winter to naturally chill the crop. 2. The addition of a non-ionic wetting agent, such as MacPhersons Wetter 600 or “Agral” Spray Activator and Spreading Agent-at a rate of 50ml/100L of spray solution, is recommended to ensure thorough wetting of the vines.

For initiation of dormancy break in wine grapes (Pinot Noir only) methyl esters of fatty acids

Waiken™

4L/100L water N/R To advance budburst Apply 35-50 days before natural budburst would normally occur. To delay budburst Apply from 20 days before natural budburst, up to the time of green tip.

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Active ingredient


Comments

To assist with promotion of colour, bunch uniformity, rachis stretch, and stimulate root branching cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, naturally chelated trace minerals, and proteins in organic form

Acadian® SSE Stimplex®

750g/ha 2.5L/ha

N/R For root growth: Apply at E-L 9. For rachis stretch: Apply at E-L 12 & 10-14 days later. For size uniformity and colour: Apply at E-L 27 & 35. For carbohydrate accumulation: Apply at E-L 41.

To increase berry set and yield in wine grapes chlormequat (present as chlormequat chloride)

Various products containing chlormequat (present as chlormequat chloride) as the only active constituent.

Rates vary depending upon percentage active constituent and variety. Check product label carefully.

N/R Timing depends on variety (refer to label). The addition of a non-ionic wetter is recommended. Do NOT apply to plants under stress. Do NOT water over the top of plants for 24hrs after application. Not recommended for use on grapes destined for export wines.

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Example of a spray application record keeping document

Date Block Variety/clone Growth stage E-L

Target disease/pest

Registered product

Product rate Water rate

per ha Comments (e.g. temperature,

rainfall, wind direction and speed, tractor speed, operator …) per ha per 100L

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Modified E-L system for grapevine growth stages

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2005/19

Acknowledgements - agric.wa.gov.au · Colin Gordon - Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators ....

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