ACIS 1504 - Introduction to Data Analytics & Business Intelligence

Databases

Benefits & Components

Business Intelligence

Quality Information

FunctionsSDLCDesign• Spreadsheet*• Database

Data Analytics

E-commerceBig Data*Methods• Data Mining*• Text Mining*• OLAP*• Visualization*• Query

Database

Benefits Components

Implement with:* Excel Access PowerPoint

Concept Map

Benefits

Database Processing

What is a database Components

Objectives• Define and recognize examples of database,

table, entity, field, attribute, record, primary key, foreign key and anomaly.

• Explain the benefits of using databases over spreadsheets or other file types.

• Evaluate problems to determine when it is appropriate to implement a database solution.

Textbook Vocabulary (Chap 11 & 12)• Database• DBMS• Data Model•Metadata• Integrity• Redundancy

• Entity• Attribute/Field• Record• Primary Key• Foreign Key• Null• Cardinality

Segment A:Database

How Does Google’s Search Engine Work?

•Web Crawler

• Indexer

• Query Processor

Web Crawler

• Finds pages on the web and gives full text of pages to Indexer

• Extracts links from new pages for subsequent crawling

Indexer

• Each significant word in page is extracted and indexed

• Results stored in tables:• Search term• URL of page containing term• Location of term on page• Number of times term appears on page• Number of pages that link to this URL

Query Processor• User Interface – allows you to identify search

criteria

• Engine – matches search criteria to index of terms previously stored• Results Formatter • displays URLs containing search terms • displayed in order by a ranking that is based on

other data stored about the term’s appearance on the page

Google’s Search Engine

From: googleguide.com/google_works.html

Purpose of a DatabaseKeep track of data with multiple themes.

Database

• Collections of records

• Related tables

• Metadata

MetadataCustomer Table

• Cust ID – 3 numeric digits, must be unique

• First Name – up to 20 alphanumeric digits, required

• Last Name – up to 25 alphanumeric digits, required

• E-mail – up to 25 alphanumeric digits, optional

Segment B:Database Benefits

Benefits of Databases

• ad-hoc information retrieval• only relevant data is output• shared access• security• referential integrity can be enforced

automatically• data independence • data integrity

Data IndependenceData physically stored:

Each report references:

Data Anomaly

Anomaly ExampleHow many anomalies can you identify?

Segment CDatabase vs Spreadsheet

Database or Spreadsheet?A small health food store has customers that pay a one-time membership fee. These members receive reduced prices on all merchandise. A list of all customers who have paid this one-time fee (showing their name and the date they paid) must be maintained. Which application will support this task best for the novice user?

A. Database B. Spreadsheet

Why?

Database or Spreadsheet?The membership fee is an annual fee. You want to list only those customers who paid this year.

A. Database B. Spreadsheet

Why?

Database or Spreadsheet?In addition to name and date paid, you want to keep track of e-mail addresses for sending monthly newsletters and special promotions to current customers who use e-mail, mailing addresses for current customers who don’t use e-mail, and phone numbers to contact old members about renewing.

A. Database B. Spreadsheet

Why?

Database or Spreadsheet?You are the instructor of a course. You need to store multiple choice exam questions and answers. You plan to produce two versions of the exam with scrambled questions and scrambled answers. You also need to produce an answer key for each version.

A. DatabaseB. SpreadsheetC. Wordprocessor

Why?

Database or Spreadsheet?

You are the instructor of a course. You need to store individual assignment grades for reporting at the end of the semester. You report all final grades at the same time.

A. DatabaseB. Spreadsheet

Why?

Database or Spreadsheet?

You are the instructor of a course. You need to store individual assignment grades for reporting throughout the semester. You want each student to see only his/her grades.

A. DatabaseB. Spreadsheet

Why?

Segment D:Database Components

Database Components• Database

• Table or Entity

• Record

• Field or Attribute

• Value

• Primary Key – uniquely identifies each row/record in a table

• Foreign Key – connects a row in one table with one or more rows in another

Key Attributes

Database Components Exercise

Database Components Exercise

Which one of the following is outlined in the image below?

A. Record D. Foreign KeyB. Field E. Primary KeyC. Value

Database Components Exercise

Which one of the following is outlined in the image below?

A. TableB. RecordC. FieldD. Value

Database Components Exercise

Which one of the following is outlined in the image below?

A. Table C. Foreign KeyB. Record E. Primary Key

C. Value

Database Components Exercise

Which one of the following is outlined in the image below?

A. Record D. Foreign KeyB. Field E. Primary KeyC. Value

Database Components Exercise

Which one of the following is outlined in the image below?

A. TableB. RecordC. FieldD. Value

Database Components ExerciseWhich one of the following is outlined in the image below?

A. Table D. Foreign KeyB. Record E. Primary KeyC. Value

Database Components ExerciseWhat is the primary key for Observation?

A. ID C. BothB. Observation Date D. None