Acids Lesson 5 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis
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Transcript of Acids Lesson 5 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis
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AcidsLesson 5
Acid Rain & Hydrolysis
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Acid Rain
Acid Rain is caused by acid anhydrides
NO2 N2O4 automobile pollution
SO2 SO3 coal & smelter pollution
SO3 + H2O → H2SO4(aq) Rain
Acid Rain has pH < 5
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Normal Rain has pH = 6 due to dissolved CO2
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
Acid rain dissolves metal, limestone, concrete structures. Acid rain decreases the pH of lakes and causes toxic metals to leach into them.
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Hydrolysis of Salts
1. Neutral Salts
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + HOH
strong acid strong base neutral salt
When the acid and base parents are both strong the salt is always neutral.
NaCl Consider the acid and base that makes NaCl
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A neutral salt will dissociate in water.
NaCl → Na+ + Cl-
Cross off ions from strong parents that are neutral.
no ions hydrolyze- neutral
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Hydrolysis of Salts 2. Basic Salts
NaCN + HOHHCN + NaOH →
weak acid strong base basic salt
Consider NaCN Consider the acid and base that makes NaCN
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A basic salt will first dissociate in water
NaCN → Na+ + CN-
Na+ neutral
CN- base.
CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-
Hydrolysis
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Hydrolysis of Salts 3. Acidic Salts Consider NH4Cl
→ NH4Cl HCl + NH3
strong acid weak base acid salt
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NH4Cl → NH4+ + Cl- positive ion- acid
Cl- neutral
NH4+ acid
NH4+ + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + NH3
Hydrolysis
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4. Acidic Salts
acid saltweak basestrong acid
→ FeCl3 + 3HOH 3HCl + Fe(OH)3
Consider FeCl3
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Fe3+
OH-
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
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Fe3+
OH-
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H+
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FeCl3 → Fe3+ + 3Cl-
Fe(H2O)63+ ⇄ H+ + Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+
Look for the reaction on the acid chart!
positive ion - acid
Hydrolysis- when the positive or negative ion in a salt reacts with water as an acid or base.