Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7.
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Transcript of Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7.
Acids, Bases, &
Salts
What is an ACID?• pH less than 7
What is an ACID?• pH less than 7
• Neutralizes bases
What is an ACID?• pH less than 7
• Neutralizes bases
• Forms H + ions in solution
H+
H+H+ H+
H+
H+
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2OH2O H2O
H2O
H2OH2O
H2O
What is an ACID?• pH less than 7
• Neutralizes bases
• Forms H + ions in solution
• Corrosive-reacts with metals
What is an ACID?• pH less than 7• Neutralizes bases• Forms H
+ ions in solution
• Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas
• Good conductors of electricity
What is an ACID?
• pH less than 7• Neutralizes bases• Forms H
+ ions in solution
• Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas
• Good conductors of electricity • Tastes Sour
Acids Generate Hydronium Ions
HNO3 + H2O
H+ + H2O + NO3
H3O+ + NO3
Weak vs. Strong Acids
• Weak Acids do not ionize completely: Acetic, Boric, Nitrous, Phosphoric, Sulfurous
• Strong Acids ionize completely: Hydrochloric, Nitric; Sulfuric, Hydriodic
Common Acids • HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid
• H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries
• HNO3 – nitric acid - explosives
• HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar
• H2CO3- carbonic acid – sodas
• H3PO4- phosphoric acid -flavorings
What is a BASE?
• pH greater than 7
What is a BASE?
• pH greater than 7
• Feels slippery
What is a BASE?
• pH greater than 7
• Feels slippery
• Tastes Bitter
What is a BASE?
• pH greater than 7
• Feels slippery
• Bitter Taste
• Usually forms OH- ions in solution
OH- H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2OH2O H2O
H2O
H2OH2O
H2OOH-
OH-
OH-
OH-OH-
OH-
What is a BASE?
• pH greater than 7• Feels slippery• Tastes Bitter• Usually forms
OH- ions in solution• Neutralizes acids
What is a BASE?
• pH greater than 7• Feels slippery• Tastes Bitter• Usually forms
OH- ions in solution• Neutralizes acids• Conducts Electricity
Common Bases
• NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner
• Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide - antacids
• Al(OH)3 - aluminum hydroxide - antacids, deodorants
• NH4OH - ammonium hydroxide - “ammonia”
pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335
HCl
GastricJuice
LemonJuice
Vinegar
pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335
Orange
Soda
Apple
Tomato
Coffee
Soil
Bread
Potato
Urine
Milk
pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335
Pure Water
pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335
DrinkingWater
Blood
Detergents
Bile
Sea Water
pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335
Milk of Magnesia
Ammonia
Bleach
Lye(NaOH)
pH paper
• pH paper changes color to indicate a specific pH value.
Buffers
• A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acids and bases are added.
Situations in which pH is controlled
• “Heartburn”
• Planting vegetables and flowers
• Fish Tanks and Ponds
• Blood
• Swimming pools
Acids and Bases in Solution• HCl + H20 H3O + + Cl-
(more hydronium ions, more acidic)
Acids and Bases in Solution• HCl + H20 H3O + + Cl-
(more hydronium ions, more acidic)
• NaOH in water Na+ + OH-
(more hydroxide ions, more basic)
Acids and Bases in Solution• HCl + H20 H3O + + Cl-
(more hydronium ions, more acidic)
• NaOH in water Na+ + OH-
(more hydroxide ions, more basic)
• HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH Acid + Base yields type of salt and water
Neutralization Reaction
• reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water.
• Example
H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O
Acid Rain
Pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with water to form various acids.
.
Rapid changes in pH can •kill organisms in lakes and streams.•can kill plants and •create sinkholes
What is a SALT?• Composed of the negative ion of an acid
and the positive ion of a base.
• One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction
• Examples: KCl, NaCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4
Acids, Bases, and Salts
The End