Year 10

Ms Gibellini

Mix together the following ingredients: 1/2 teaspoon of citric acid crystals ACID 1 teaspoon of icing sugar 1/2 teaspoon of drink crystals 1/4 teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda (baking

soda) BASE

Stir everything together and then have a taste of your delicious sherbet! How c an you tell that there’s a chemical reaction happening on your tongue?

Reactant + Reactant ____________

Magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium oxide

Complete Sci pad page 27Chemical Equation Recap

Acid + Base __________________________

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide

sodium chloride + water

Test to see if reaction is complete by using indicator – solution should turn

_______________

Acids are compounds, which have ___________ in them.

Acids turn litmus paper _______________

Acids are between pH 0 and pH ___________

Five examples of acids are:◦ vinegar, acetic acid

◦ lemons, citric acid

◦ hydrochloric acid

◦ grapes, tartaric acid

◦ fizzy, carbonic acid

Acids are said to be corrosive , that means . . .

Acids also taste . . .

Alkalis are also known as ____________

Bases are the opposite to acids in ____________.

Bases range in pH from pH 8 to pH ___________

Bases contain OH ions, ____________________

Bases can neutralize acids, they removes the acidity of a chemical and give it a high pH.

Bases turn litmus paper ________________

Ammonia solution is a common alkali and is found in household cleaning chemicals such as ?

Strong alkalis can also burn you like acids do.

Common Name Formula

Hydrochloric Acid

Sulphuric Acid

Nitric Acid

Acetic Acid

Ammonium

Sodium Hydroxide

Nitrate Ion

Sulphate Ion

Chloride Ion

Carbonate ion

Carbon dioxide

Water

Sodium chloride

Magnesium Sulphate

Copper Carbonate

Silver Nitrate

Substance Acid (Red) Alkali (blue) Neutral (green)

Toothpaste

Mr Muscle

Tea

Sun block

Vinegar

Jiff

Baking soda

Lemon juice

Lemonade

Egg

Sulphuric acid

SodiumHydroxide

Complete Sci pad pages 28-29 What is an Acid, What is a base

Complete Worksheets

Name two household substances which are ◦ Bases◦ Acids

What element do all acids contain?

What element do all bases contain?

List two acids and write their formula

List two bases and write their formula

Acids and alkalis can both be corrosive and often look alike.

How can we tell them apart?

And just how acidic is acidic?

We use a _______________to tell us how acidic, basic or neutral a substance is.

Acids have a pH range from ___________

Alkalis or bases have a pH range from _________

Neutral substances have a pH of 7

Strong acids contain more free ______________

Strong bases contain more free _______________

Most naturally occurring substances are weak eg. Citric acid in citrus fruit

We use indicators and a pH scale to tell us how acidic, neutral or basic (alkali) a substance is.

Red indicates the substance is _______.

Blue indicates the substance is ________.

Green indicates the substance is _________.

Indicator Acid Base NeutralUniversal Indicator

Red litmus paper

Blue litmus paper

Methyl Orange

Phenolphalein

Tea

Red cabbage water

Onion water

Hydrangea flowers

Bromothymol blue

Beetroot

What colour do acids turn indicators?

What colour do bases turn indicators?

What colour do neutral substances turn indicators?

Swimming pools◦ Ideal pH is 7.6◦ If pool is pH 9 what do you need to add to make it 7.6

again, acid or base?

What is the difference between a strong and weak base?

When we add base to an acid, a ____________ takes place.

The acid and base are ____________in the reaction.

We say they are ______________They make a salt and water.

When a substance has been neutralised or is neutral it has a pH of around __________.

Acid + Base _____________________________

Aim: To _______________ an acid using a base.

Method:

Step 1: Add four drops of sodium hydroxide to a test tube.

Step 2: Add one drop of universal indicator to the test tube and shake.

Step 3: Stop when the solution is green, if the solution turns red or orange add a very small drop of NaOHuntil the liquid turns green.

Iron hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Copperhydroxide

Lead

hydroxide

HydrochloricAcid + water + water + water + water + water

SulphuricAcid

+ water + water+ water

+ water + water

NitricAcid

+ water + water + water + water + water

Salts are named after the acids from which they are formed.• Hydrochloric acid forms chloride salts• Sulphuric acid forms sulphate salts• Nitric acid forms nitrate salts

Fire extinguishers – powdered limestone and hydrochloric acid ◦ acid + _____________ carbon dioxide (which puts out fire)

Metal oxide coatings can be _____________ using acids ◦ metal oxide + acid salt + ______________ (coating broken

down and washes away)

pH of soils – certain plants will grow better at different pH ◦ Add lime to increase pH (more ____________________)

◦ Add sulphate salt to decrease pH (more ________________)

Toothpaste –◦ we clean our teeth because the bacteria that feed

on the sugar left from eating, releasing ____________.

◦ The acid reacts with our teeth (carbonate)

◦ Acid + Carbonate salt + ______________________

◦ This dissolves our teeth

◦ We brush our teeth to remove the food that the ________________ are feeding on, reducing the amount of _____________they produce

_____________released as smog reacts with water in the air to form carbonic acid

_____________is also in air pollution, it reacts with water to form sulphuric acid

The acid reacts with statues and buildings made of ___________________

Acid + Carbonate salt + ___________________________

The acid can also change the pH of soils and lakes