Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H +...
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Transcript of Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H +...
![Page 1: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Acids and Bases
Chapter 15
![Page 2: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Acids
• a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H+)
• hydronium (H3O+) is created
Water + Hydrogen ion = hydronium
H2O + H+ = (H3O+)
![Page 3: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Properties of
• sour taste (lemons, vinegar)
• reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas
• corrosive, destroys metals, burns skin
Acids
![Page 4: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Uses of
• separate metals from their ores
• sulfuric acid – fertilizers
• hydrochloric acid – your stomach for digestion
• carbonic acid and phosphoric acid – sodas taste
Acids
![Page 5: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bases
• a substance which when added to water produces hydroxide ions (OH-)
Sodium Hydroxide (in water) = Sodium ion + Hydroxide Ion
NaOH = Na+ + (OH-)
![Page 6: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Properties of
• bitter taste
• feels slippery, like soap
• corrosive, destroys metals, burns skin
Base
![Page 7: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Uses of
• sodium hydroxide – soap
• cleaning products – ammonia, detergents
• calcium hydroxide – plaster, cement
• magnesium hydroxide – antacids for heartburn
• sodium bicarbonate – baking soda
Base
![Page 8: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Indicators• Litmus paper
Color Blue Litmus Red LitmusAcid turns red stays redBase stays same turns blue
way to remember
Base turns Blue
![Page 9: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Indicators• Liquids– thymol blue– methyl yellow– methyl orange– bromphenol blue– bromcresol green– methyl red
– bromthymol blue– phenol red– alizarin yellow– cresol red– thymolphthalein– Phenolphthalein
• Red cabbage juice is a commonly used indicator.• Liquids change different color in the presence of
acids and bases.
![Page 10: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Neutralization
• When an acid mixes with a base, water is formed.
Why?
hydrogen ion + hyroxide ion = water
(H+) + OH– = H20
• The left over stuff makes salts.
Neutralization
![Page 11: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Strength of acids and Bases
• Strong acids create a lot of hydrogen ions.• Strong bases create a lot of hydroxide ions.
• Determined by pH Scale
pH – measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution
• How to measure
pH paper – changes color based on strength of acid or base
![Page 12: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
pH scale
• range from 0 to 14• more acidic = lower number• more basic = higher number• Acids and Bases
stronger acid stronger base
![Page 13: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sites
• Sugar and Sulfuric Acid
• Sulfuric Acid
![Page 14: Acids and Bases Chapter 15. Acids a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649eaa5503460f94baed28/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)