Acid Rain and your community By: Ester Boals, Jennifer Kelley & Kelsie Warner.
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Transcript of Acid Rain and your community By: Ester Boals, Jennifer Kelley & Kelsie Warner.
Acid Rain and your community
By: Ester Boals,
Jennifer Kelley& Kelsie Warner
Just what is Acid Rain?
Acid Rain is the term used to describe the ways in
which acid precipitates out of the
atmosphere.
Acid Rain is more accurately termed acid
deposition.
There are two types of acid deposition: wet and
dry.
The types of wet deposition are: acidic
rain, fog, and snow.
The types of dry deposition are: acidic gases
and particles.
The contributors
Factories give off sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide.
The exhaust from the car contains a lot of nitric oxide.
The making of Acid Rain
Atmospheric gases + H2O(g) + O2(g) + chemicals H2SO4(g) + HNO3(g)
Atmospheric gases react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals the produce the components of acid rain: sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight acts as a catalyst to increases the rate of most of these reactions.
The reactions…• The making of Nitric acid:
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
2NO(g) + ½ O2(g) NO2
3NO2(g) + H2O 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)
• The making of Sulfuric acid:
SO2(g) SO3(g) H2SO4 (aq)
lightning
O2 H2O
Effects of Acid Rain
http://ncert.nic.in/sites/learning%20basket/energy10class/combustion%20engine1.htm
Water and Aquatic Animals
• Lakes and streams become acidic when the natural buffers in the water and surrounding soil cannot neutralize the acid rain.
• A low buffering capacity allows aluminum, which is toxic to many aquatic organisms, to leach into the water.
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects/surface_water.html
Plants and Forests• Acid rain causes slower
growth, injury, and death to plants.
• Acid rain damages the leaves of plants, leaches important nutrients (calcium, potassium, and magnesium) from the soil, and increases the level of toxic aluminum in the soil.
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72754&rendTypeId=4
http://www.newsroom.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/display.cgi?id=257
Limestone• Acid rain can cause the
corrosion of metals and the deterioration of stones like limestone.
• Reaction with limestone (calcium carbonate)– CaCO3 + H2SO4
CaSO4 + H2CO3– The calcium sulfate is
soluble in water which causes the stone to crumble.
http://www.micro.utexas.edu/courses/levin/bio304/ecosystems/rheims.statue.gif
Copper
• Copper naturally oxidizes to form a protective coating that protects the metal from corrosion
• Acid rain can cause copper to corrode before this coating can form
http://www.professionalroofing.net/article.aspx?A_ID=526
Effects on Human Health• Acid rain itself is not
harmful to humans, but the pollutants that cause it are
• The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide can cause respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis
http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/shr0714l.jpg
Clean Air Act In 1970 Congress created the Clean Air Act
as well as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reduce air pollution.
In 1990 the act was revised and introduced changes to reduce acid pollution.
The EPA sets limits on the amount of air pollution that can come from sources like chemical plants, utilities, and steel mills. There are monetary penalties for plants that exceed their limit of SO2 and NO.
The Good News
http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/econ-emissions.html
Bibliography http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/ar
chive/acid_rain.shtml http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/
LabTutorials/Water/FreshWater/acidrain.html http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what/index.html http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/
196buildings.html http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/peg/
understand.html http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects/index.html