ACID-BASE THEORIES SECTION 20.3 Arrhenius acids : hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield...

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ACID-BASE THEORIES SECTION 20.3 Arrhenius acids: hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield H + in aqueous solution. HCl + H 2 O --> H 3 O + + Cl - Arrhenius bases: compounds that ionize to yield OH - in aqueous solution 2Na + 2H 2 O --> NaOH + H 2

Transcript of ACID-BASE THEORIES SECTION 20.3 Arrhenius acids : hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield...

Page 1: ACID-BASE THEORIES SECTION 20.3 Arrhenius acids : hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield H + in aqueous solution. HCl + H 2 O --> H 3 O + +

ACID-BASE THEORIESSECTION 20.3

Arrhenius acids: hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield H+ in aqueous solution.

HCl + H2O --> H3O+ + Cl-

Arrhenius bases: compounds that ionize to yield OH- in aqueous solution

2Na + 2H2O --> NaOH + H2

Page 2: ACID-BASE THEORIES SECTION 20.3 Arrhenius acids : hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield H + in aqueous solution. HCl + H 2 O --> H 3 O + +

A few terms…

Monoprotic acids: contain 1 ionizable hydrogen

Nitric Acid HNO3

Diprotic acids: contain 2 ionizable hydrogens

Sulfuric Acid H2SO4

Triprotic acids: contain 3 ionizable hydrogens

Phosphoric Acid H3PO4

Page 3: ACID-BASE THEORIES SECTION 20.3 Arrhenius acids : hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield H + in aqueous solution. HCl + H 2 O --> H 3 O + +

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Acid: hydrogen-ion donor

Base: hydrogen-ion acceptor

NH3 + H2O <--> NH4+ + OH-

Hydrogen-ion Hydrogen-ion Ammonium ion

acceptor donor

Page 4: ACID-BASE THEORIES SECTION 20.3 Arrhenius acids : hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield H + in aqueous solution. HCl + H 2 O --> H 3 O + +

Conjugate Acid & Base

Conjugate Acid: particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion

Conjugate Base: particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion

NH3 + H2O <--> NH4+ + OH-

Base Acid Conjugate Conjugate

Acid BaseAmphoteric: substance that acts as both an acid & a base

Examples: H2O, HSO4- (Hydrogen Sulfate Ion)

Page 5: ACID-BASE THEORIES SECTION 20.3 Arrhenius acids : hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield H + in aqueous solution. HCl + H 2 O --> H 3 O + +

Lewis Acid & Base

Lewis Acid: substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

Lewis Base: substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

H+ + OH- --> H2O Lewis Lewis

Acid Base


Table of Content Ionize

Table of Content Ionize

Reaction Mechanisms & Arrhenius Equation

Reaction Mechanisms & Arrhenius Equation

Activation Energy, Arrhenius Law

Activation Energy, Arrhenius Law

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Arrhenius Acids & Bases

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Acidi e basi definizione di Arrhenius Svante Arrhenius (1884) un acido in acqua genera ioni H + una base in acqua genera ioni OH - acidoHCl H + + Cl -

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Svante August Arrhenius

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1 Acids and Bases 23-3-2011. 2 Definition of Acids Arrhenius acid: A substance that releases H + in water ( e.g. HCl) H + + H 2 O H 3 O + Hydronium.

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