Acid Base Chemistry. The Electrolyte family Acid Base Salt (Water) Electrolytes conduct electricity.
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Transcript of Acid Base Chemistry. The Electrolyte family Acid Base Salt (Water) Electrolytes conduct electricity.
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Acid Base Chemistry
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The Electrolyte familyAcid
BaseSalt
(Water)
Electrolytes conduct electricity
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Properties of Acids
Conduct electricity Sour taste
Cause indicatorsto change color
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Properties of Acids
React with bases to form salt and water
React with metalsto form hydrogen gasand a salt
H2
pH < 7
NaCl
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Properties of Bases
Conduct electricity Bitter taste
Cause indicatorsto change color
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Properties of Bases
React with acids to form salt and water
Have a slippery orsoapy feel
pH > 7
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Properties of Salts
• Ionic compounds (metal + nonmetal) or polyatomic ions (Table E)
• Aqueous solutions conduct electricity
• Molten phase conducts electricity
• Solid phase does NOT conduct
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Arrhenius Acid
DEFINITION:
A substance whose water solution contains hydrogen ion H+ as the only positive ion in the solution
HCl H+ + Cl-
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What is going on?
Recall that a H atom has only one proton and one electron.
Therefore……
H+ is really just a proton
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What is going on?
What will happen to the H+ in water H20? (remember, water is polar…)
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Hydronium Ion H3O+
In an acid solution, there are no free H+ ions. They all attach to the H2O molecules to make H3O+
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Hydronium Ion
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So an Arrhenius acid really forms like this….
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
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Table K: Acids
HCl hydrochloric monoprotic
HNO3 nitric
H2SO4 sulfuric diprotic
H3PO4 phosphoric triprotic
H2CO3 carbonic
HC2H3O2 acetic
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Ways to write an acid
HCl (aq)
H+ + Cl-
H3O+ + Cl-
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Arrhenius Base
DEFINITION:
A substance whose water solution contains hydroxide ion (OH)- as the only negative ion in the solution
NaOH (aq) Na+ + (OH)-
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Table L Bases
NaOH sodium hydroxide mono hydroxic
KOH potassium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide di hydroxic
NH3(aq) aqueous ammonia
(NH3 + H2O NH4OH(aq))
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Water can be both an acid and a base!!
H2O H+ + (OH)-
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Strong acids
All (100%) of the H ionize to H+
HCL, H2SO4, HNO3 are all strong acids
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Strong Bases
All (100%) of the OH ionize to (OH)-
NaOH and KOH are strong bases
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WEAK acids and bases
Not all the hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions come off (ionize) in solution
Carbonic acid and Phosphoric acids are weak