Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen)...
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Transcript of Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen)...
![Page 1: Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen) ions (protons) 3. Change the color of litmus from blue.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649f435503460f94c62f27/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Acid and Bases: An Introduction
![Page 2: Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen) ions (protons) 3. Change the color of litmus from blue.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649f435503460f94c62f27/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Properties of Acids
1. Sour taste
2. Can produce H+ (hydrogen) ions (protons)
3. Change the color of litmus from blue to red
4. Reacts with metals such as Zn and Mg to produce H2 gas. Ba(s) + H2SO4 BaSO4(aq) + H2(g)
5. Reacts with carbonates (CO32-)to produce CO2
NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(aq) NaCH3COO(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
6. Acids conduct an electric current
![Page 3: Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen) ions (protons) 3. Change the color of litmus from blue.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649f435503460f94c62f27/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Properties of Bases
1. Bitter or caustic taste2. A slippery, soapy feeling3. Can produce OH- (hydroxide) ions4. Ability to change litmus from red to blue5. Bases conduct an electric current6. Bases react with acids to produce a salt and water.
This is known as a neutralization reaction. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + H2O
acid base salt water
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Ions in Solution
Acidic solutions contains more hydrogen (H+) ions than hydroxide ions (OH-) pH < 7
Basic solutions contains more hydroxide ions (OH-) than hydrogen ions pH > 7
Neutral solutions contain an equal concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions pH = 7
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Question Time
What are the properties of acids? What are the properties of bases? What ion does an acid typically produce? What ion does a base typically produce? What is the OH- ion called? If there are more H+ ions than OH-, is the solution
acidic, basic, or neutral? What if there are an equal number of H+ and OH-
ions?
![Page 6: Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen) ions (protons) 3. Change the color of litmus from blue.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649f435503460f94c62f27/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Three Definitions of Acids/Bases
Type Acid Base
Arrhenius H+ producer OH-producer
Bronsted-Lowry H+ donor H+ acceptor
Lewis Electron-pair acceptor
Electron-pair donor
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Bronsted-Lowry Conjugate Acid/Base
HX(aq) + H2O(l) ⇆ H3O+(aq) + X-(aq)
acid base Conjugate Conjugate
Acid Base
Conjugate acid is the substance produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid
Conjugate base is the substance that the acid donates a hydrogen ion to form a base
![Page 8: Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen) ions (protons) 3. Change the color of litmus from blue.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649f435503460f94c62f27/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bronsted-Lowry Conjugate Acid/Base
Conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances related to each other by donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
base acid conjugate conjugate
acid base
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Practice: Conjugate Acid and Conjugate Base
HCO3- + H2S ⇆ H2CO3 + HS-
H2PO4- + OH- ⇆ HPO4
2- + H2O
H2SO4 + NH3 ⇆ HSO4- + NH4
+
HC2H3O2 + H2O ⇆ H3O+ + C2H3O2-
![Page 10: Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen) ions (protons) 3. Change the color of litmus from blue.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649f435503460f94c62f27/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Question Time
Name the three models of acids/bases. What is the Arrhenius model of acids/bases? What is the Bronsted-Lowry Model of Acid
bases? What is a conjugate acid and a conjugate base?
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Question Time Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in
the Bronsted-Lowry reactions.
1. NH3 + H2O ⇆ NH4+ + OH-
2. H2O + CH3NH2 ⇆ OH- + CH3NH3+
3. HF + H2O ⇆ H3O+ + F-
4. HCOOH +CN- ⇆ HCOO- + HCN
5. NH4+ + CO3
2- ⇆ NH3 + HCO3-
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Water in Acid/Base solutions
Water and other substances can act as both acids and bases and are said to be amphoteric
Hydronium ion = H3O+ = H+ (Remember H+ is a proton)
H2O(l) + H2O(l) ⇆ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
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Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids
Monoprotic acid donates one hydrogen ion Polyprotic acid donates more than one
hydrogen ion
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Question Time
What is a Lewis acid? What is a Lewis base? What is the H3O+ ion called? What is the shorthand way to write H3O+? What is amphoteric? Give an example.
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Clicker Time
Which is not a property of acids?
A. Changes litmus paper red to blue
B. Sour taste
C. Conducts an electrical current
D. Reacts with metal to product H2 gas
![Page 16: Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen) ions (protons) 3. Change the color of litmus from blue.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649f435503460f94c62f27/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Clicker Time
Which is not a property of bases?
A. Changes litmus paper red to blue
B. Sour taste
C. Feels slippery
D. Reacts with acids to product salt and water.
![Page 17: Acid and Bases: An Introduction. Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste 2. Can produce H + (hydrogen) ions (protons) 3. Change the color of litmus from blue.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649f435503460f94c62f27/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Clicker Time
What is an Arrhenius acid?
A. Hydrogen ion donor
B. Accepts an electron pair
C. Produces hydrogen ions
D. Produces a hydroxide
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Clicker Time
What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
A. Produces hydroxide ions
B. A hydrogen ion acceptor
C. An electron pair donor
D. Produces hydrogen ions
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Clicker Time
What is a Lewis acid?
A. A hydrogen ion producer
B. A hydrogen ion donator
C. An electron pair acceptor
D. An electron pair donor
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Clicker Time
HNO3 + H2O NO3- + H3O+
Which substance is the acid?
A. HNO3
B. H2O
C. NO3-
D. H3O+
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Clicker Time
HNO3 + H2O NO3- + H3O+
Which substance is the conjugate base?
A. HNO3
B. H2O
C. NO3-
D. H3O+
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Clicker Time
HCl + NH3 NH4+ + Cl-
Which substance is the base?
A. HCl
B. NH3
C. NH4+
D. Cl-
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Clicker Time
HCl + NH3 NH4+ + Cl-
Which substance is the conjugate acid?
A. HCl
B. NH3
C. NH4+
D. Cl-