Acid and Base Reactions
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Transcript of Acid and Base Reactions
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Acid and Base Reactions
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Types of Acid-Base Reactions
• Nuetralization reaction – properties of both acid and base are neutralized when they react
• Acid + Base Salt + Water– Salt – ionic compound (metal + nonmetal)
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Strong Acid + Strong Base
• Strong acids completely ionize
• Strong bases completely ionize
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• Ionic equation – everything (aq) written as ions– Spectator ions– Net ionic equation
• NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
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• H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) K2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
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• Strong acid + strong base & pH– Hydrogen ion from acid and hydroxide ion from
base form water which has a pH of 7
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Strong Acid + Weak Base
• Weak bases do not completely ionize
• 3HBr(aq) + Al(OH)3(s) AlBr3(aq) + H2O(l)
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases
• Acid – H+ donor• Base – H+ acceptor
• HC2H3O2 + NH3 NH4 + + C2H3O2-
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• Conjugate base – formed when acid donates proton
• Conjugate acid – formed when base accepts a proton
• HC2H3O2 + NH3 NH4 + + C2H3O2-
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• Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following:
• HCO3 -1 + H2O CO3 -2 + H3O +1
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Strong Acid + Ammonia
• HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) NH4Cl(aq)
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Weak Acid & Strong Base
• HC2H3O2(aq) + NaOH NaC2H3O2 + H2O
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Applications of Acid-Base Reactions
• Buffers regulate pH– Solution that resist changes in pH when moderate
amounts of acids or bases are added– Prepared by using a weak acid and its conjugate
base or weak base and its salt
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Acid-Base Chemistry & Antacids
• pH of stomach acid = 2.5• Stomach is coated with basic mucous to
protect it • If stomach becomes too acidic mucous layer
breaks down by acid-base neutralization• Antacids are bases
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Acid-Base Titrations
• Titration – process of determining molarity of an acid or a base through the use of an acid-base reaction– Molarity of one of the reactants is known but the
other is unknown– Standard solution – solution whose molarity is
known
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• Standard solution is loaded into a buret– Allows an accurate measurement of the delivery
of a given volume of liquid
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• Using indicators – when solution is neutral you know you have added exactly enough stock solution to react with the unknown solution– endpoint
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• A 15.0 mL sample of a solution of H2SO4 with unknown molarity is titrated with 32.4 mL of 0.145 M NaOH to the endpoint. What is the molarity of the sulfuric acid solution?