Achieving Net-Zero Energy in a Campus Building...Achieving Net-Zero Energy in a Campus Building 1....
Transcript of Achieving Net-Zero Energy in a Campus Building...Achieving Net-Zero Energy in a Campus Building 1....
Achieving Net-Zero
Energy in a Campus
Building
New Environmental Center at
Williams College
Presenters
John Rahill
Principal
Black River Design Architects
Montpelier, VT
(802) 223-2044
www.blackriverdesign.com
Charley Stevenson
Principal
Integrated Eco Strategy
Sustainability Consulting
Williamstown, MA
(413) 776-9343
www.integratedecostrategy.com
Achieving Net-Zero Energy in a Campus Building
1. Net-zero concepts
2. Living Building Challenge new
Environmental Center at
Williams College
3. Impact on the design process
4. Net-zero strategies
5. Building in feedback
mechanisms to impact occupant
behavior
6. Learning opportunities
7. Institutional benefits
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1. Living Building Challenge & Net Zero Concepts
“Imagine a building designed and constructed to function as elegantly and efficiently as a flower.”
• Net zero energy • Net zero water • The cycle of food • Carbon effect • Other related
impacts: – Transportation
energy – Communities, not
buildings are regenerative
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2. Center for Environmental Studies &
Zilkha Center for Environmental Initiatives
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5 Project is in the middle of campus
Old Kellogg House (the additional challenge of making a historic building net zero)
Repurposing an existing historic 1792 building (recycling at its best)
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Center for Environmental Studies & Zilkha Center
for Environmental Initiatives
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Food & Agriculture
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Campus Library
Academic Building
Residential Building
Residential Building
New Environmental Center
Berry Rows
Site Plan
Garden
Orchard
What constitutes a successful sustainable building?
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The most sustainable buildings are the ones we love the most.
Connecting indoor spaces to exterior spaces and the environment
Design goals
Success
low maintenance
repeatable
Low energy use (net zero)
Red list material limitations
biophilic, connected to environment
durable
functional
Cost limitations
educational
popular
3. Impact on the Design Process
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1st Step – Goal Alignment
LEED vs. LBC
65 LBC projects
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LEED vs. LBC
Constructed Wetland
12 Net zero energy Materials
Net zero water
Sustainable Agriculture
Materials
Performance-Based Certification
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Redefining Success
Size Matters
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Envelope
Hot Water Ventilation
Lighting
Elevator
Offices
Kitchen
Water & Toilet
20% Safety
Building Mounted PV
Ground Mounted PV (4 Trackers)
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Consumption Supply
kWh
/yr
heating
cooling
4. Net Zero Strategies Balancing Supply & Demand
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Guaranteed net zero?
55,000 KWh/yr = 27 mbtu/sf
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Traditional Payback Analysis
Most Cost Effective Net Zero
• Positive cash flow • Select a payback period
Balance cost of saving a BTU vs. generating a BTU
Factors (guesses) • Borrowing rate • Inflation rate • Fuel inflation rate
Factors (guesses) • Longevity of energy saving component • Ease of upgrading energy saving
component • Longevity of energy generating
component
Strategy: spend money on saving energy, until it is less expensive to purchase the energy.
Impact on Envelope
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Roof / wall: 5” polyiso Windows: R-5 Below grade walls: 5” XPS Slab: 3” XPS
19 Invest in energy savings until it is less expensive to invest in energy generation.
Energy modeling of every component
20 Invest in energy savings until it is less expensive to invest in energy generation.
Projected Energy Use
Toilets Mechanical Ventilation
Hot Water
Water Harvesting & Treatment
Elevator
Kitchen
Offices & Classroom
Lighting
Envelope (heating)
Safety Factor (20%)
cooling
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A large portion on the energy use in dependent on human behavior.
Safety Factor
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Envelope
Hot Water Ventilation
Lighting
Elevator
Offices
Kitchen
Water & Toilet
20% Safety
Building Mounted PV
Ground Mounted PV (4 Trackers)
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Consumption Supply
kWh
/yr
Guaranteed net zero?
Other Elements Impacting Net Zero
23 Air Conditioning
Kitchen
Other Elements Impacting Net Zero
-1500
-500
500
1500
2500
3500
4500
5500
1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1
Gal
lon
s o
f W
ate
r
Low Rainfall (36"); Tank 5,000 gallons, 3/4" irrigation
combined capture
consumption total (interior & exterior)
total with max
Irrigation Season
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Accounting for Water’s Energy Impact
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5. Building in Feedback Mechanisms to Impact Occupant Behavior
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• Building in feedback mechanisms, so it is clear that behavior matters
• Increase awareness of the connection to the environment & natural cycles
• When failure is a “teaching opportunity”
• Research opportunities • Building as living organism • Building as a challenge!
6. Learning Opportunities
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• Being engaged in a living building • Biophilia – connection to nature • Benefit of the potential for failure • Research opportunities • College courses relating to something tangible • Building as an exhibit for a wider audience
7. Institutional Benefits
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• Presence of young, bright, open minds – future leaders
• Resources available for long term thinking
• Colleges have significant (and expensive to maintain) building stock
• Institutions are all in the marketing business (to high school students) and have to be at the forefront
• Leadership involves looking ahead
Achieving Net-Zero
Energy in a Campus
Building
Questions?
Presenters
John Rahill
Principal
Black River Design Architects
Montpelier, VT
(802) 223-2044
www.blackriverdesign.com
Charley Stevenson
Principal
Integrated Eco Strategy
Sustainability Consulting
Williamstown, MA
(413) 776-9343
www.integratedecostrategy.com