“Achieving Excellence in Software Engineering” · OHSAS 13485 ISO 27001 CMMI > level 3 ......
Transcript of “Achieving Excellence in Software Engineering” · OHSAS 13485 ISO 27001 CMMI > level 3 ......
© Siemens AG 2014. All rights reserved
“Achieving Excellence in Software Engineering”
Lockheed Webinar Series
September 25, 2014
Gerd Hoefner | Managing Director and CEO Siemens Technology and Services Pvt. Ltd.
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Agenda
• Software at Siemens
• Software is changing the world
• Achieving excellence in software engineering
• Creating a software engineering culture
• Creating a people oriented culture
• Results and summary
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Siemens is organized in four Sectors: Industry,
Energy, Healthcare and Infrastructure & Cities
Siemens: Facts and Figures
1) Sales in FY 2013
Siemens sectors
• Sales: ~€ 76 bn.
• Locations: In 190
countries
• Employees: ~362,000
• R&D
expenses: ~€ 4.3 bn.
• R&D
engineers: ~29,800
• Inventions: ~8,400
• Active patents: ~60,000
Key figures FY 2013
Divisions:
• Industry
Automation
• Drive
Technologies
• Customer
Services
Divisions:
• Power
Generation
• Wind Power
• Energy Service
• Power
Transmission
Divisions:
• Imaging &
Therapy Systems
• Clinical Products
• Diagnostics
• Customer
Solutions
Divisions:
• Rail Systems
• Mobility & Logistics
• Low and Medium
Voltage
• Smart Grid
• Building
Technologies
Corporate functions
Corporate Technology
Corp. Finance
…
Corp. TechnologyCorp. Development
Infrastructure& Cities
HealthcareEnergyIndustry
~€ 14 bn.1) ~€ 18 bn.1)~€ 19 bn.1) ~€ 27 bn.1)
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Software is a core technology for most of Siemens‟
products, systems, solutions and services
Some examples of Siemens’ software expertise
Traffic
control and
management
Smart
grids
User-friendly
automation
solutions
Imaging
software for
diagnosis
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The future: Sensors everywhere, everything
connected, everything analyzed…
Selected technology-driven trends with impact for Siemens
Pervasive
Sensing
Data / computing
in the cloud
Computer-aided
collaboration
Smart data /
everything
analyzed
Ubiquitous
mobile computing
Sustainability /
energy efficiency
Electricity
everywhere
Internet of things
Digital shadow
Autonomous
systems
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Corporate Development Center – High quality
product development services at best cost position
Corporate Development Center (CT DC)
Focus on entire product life cycleStrong near and off shore presence…
…offering complete product development...
...for more than 30 Siemens business
units
…of highest performance standards…
#1 development partner within Siemens,
accounts over 20% of Siemens SW resources
ISO 9001
OHSAS 13485
ISO 27001
CMMI > level 3
NPS >90
India 80%
EU 15%
China 3%
US 2%
Main-
tenanceTestDesign
Archi-
tecture
Requirement
engineering
Imple-
mentation
Full responsibilityfor products
System and certification test
Long term engagements as integral part of development
teams
Complete design and development
Defining and implementing
SW architecture enhancements
Strong domain know-how
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Agenda
• Software at Siemens
• Software is changing the world
• Achieving excellence in global software engineering
• Creating a software engineering culture
• Creating a people oriented culture
• Results and summary
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Page 8 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
The world is changing…
2nd century
Claudius Ptolemy
16th century
Nicolaus Copernicus
PLC,CNC,
PCS, PC
Configuration
software
Operation &
Monitoring
software
Communication
software
Today
Main Business = Hardware
PLC
CNC
PCS
Tomorrow
Main Business = Software
Soft-
ware
PC
Paradigm Shifts
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Automotive
1961-1992 – Renault R4
It is not advisable to try repairing this car yourself.
Control units > 100
Lines of code ~ 100 million
Today – Mercedes Benz S Class
More software than a F35
Lightning (8 million LoC)
and a 787 Dreamliner
(6.5 million LoC).You can repair this car yourself
using the workshop manual and
a standard toolkit.Car sub-systems controlled by software
Control units = Nil
Lines of code = Nil
– Today cars run on code
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Automotive – Tomorrow cars will run automatically…
From the movie “Total recall”
with Arnold Schwarzenegger, 1990
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… and tomorrow is not far away!
theguardian.com, Wednesday May 28, 2014
Google's driverless car:
• no steering wheel
• two seats
• 25mph
http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/28/google-reveals-driverless-car-prototype
First of 100 test vehicles is
unveiled with no steering wheel
or pedals, two seats and a top
speed of 25mph
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Healthcare – Software will help avoid medical errors,
which are the third largest cause of deaths in the US
Today – the doctor will see you soon
• Preventive adverse events due to human
errors result in over 440,000 deaths in the US.*
• Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)
systems enforce structured orders and
medication checks.
• CPOE helped reduce error rates by 55%.
• Rates of serious medication errors fell by 88%.
Tomorrow – Dr. Robot will see you now
• Capabilities to support physicians’ diagnose
conditions already exist – Dr. Algorithm is a real
possibility.
• Saves effort and time for patients who can be
diagnosed while they remain at home, enabling
earlier interventions.
• FDA-approved apps already exist that use
sensors on smart phones to help diagnose
diseases.
* http://www.forbes.com/sites/leahbinder/2013/09/23/stunning-news-on-preventable-deaths-in-hospitals/
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Software is eating the world…
Marc Andreessen
An investor, best known as co-founder of Netscape
and as co-founder and general partner of the
venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.
“More and more major businesses and
industries are being run on software
and delivered as online services –
from movies to agriculture to national
defense…
Over the next 10 years, I expect many
more industries to be disrupted by
software…”
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… and the number of lines of code is continually
increasing
Source: Times of India, May 11, 2014
The first moon mission’s software
had 7,500 lines of code, 25% of a
simple iPhone game app.
83x
1,333x
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Page 15 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Software …
• is everywhere
• is increasingly complex
• connects us
• is becoming more personal
• is important
• is today’s strategic resource
Source of the bullet points on Software: Paul Nielsen, Director and CEO Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Software Engineering: Struggles at the Frontier, presentation at the method park Technology Forum 2013
… and as a consequence the demand for software engineers will increase,
because more and more software is being developed.
To achieve excellence in software engineering, one needs to focus on people
and their capabilities!
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Software engineering is all about people…
… and their capabilities
Team capability and experience is the most important success factor for software engineering projects
Source: Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering, Kaiserslautern, 2009
8
10
20
29
29
30
45
0 10 20 30 40 50
Development type
Domain
Programming language
Tool usage & quality/effectiveness
Project constraints
Software product complexity
Team capability and experience
Su
cce
ss fa
cto
rs
Percentage of studies where factor is ranked
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Page 17 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Agenda
• Software at Siemens
• Software is changing the world
• Achieving excellence in software engineering
• Creating a software engineering culture
• Creating a people oriented culture
• Results and summary
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Page 18 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
A quote
Why is this so? Let’s have a look at an example…
Steve Tockey
IEEE Computer Society Chair Certification
Committee, Professional Activities Board and
Principal Consultant at Construx Software.
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Page 19 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
How do you measure complexity of your code?
A control flow graph
of a simple program
With a metric called „cyclomatic complexity‟
M = E − N + 2P
where
M = complexity
E = the number of edges of the graph (=9)
N = the number of nodes of the graph (=8)
P = the number of exit nodes (=1)
M = 9 – 8 + (2*1) = 3
How is cyclomatic complexity defined?
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Page 20 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Competences – At Siemens we defined a training and
certification concept for software engineers
• Mandatory role-specific trainings
• Mandatory certifications of software engineers
based on assessments and practical experience
Curriculum for software engineers: Goal, approach and setup
Goal and
approach
Establish and ensure software quality by
• Introduction of a Siemens wide standard for software
engineers
• Establish business understanding and leadership as
important aspects for software engineers
Setup
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Page 21 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
We defined major roles and levels for software
engineers
R&D
Head
SW Project
Manager
Senior certified
Certified
Software Engineer /
Developer
Roles and levels of software engineers
Trained
0.5%
3.5%
1%
10%
85%
Architect
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We developed our own training program focusing
extensively on the bottom of the pyramid
Pre-FOCUS
FOCUS - Foundation Curriculum for Software Engineers
SWA
SSWA
DesignRE
SDAT Test
Test
Campus Induction Program
Specialized programs,
> 7 years experience
Advanced FOCUS,
4- 7 years experience
Foundation,
2- 3 years exp.
Fresh
campus
recruits
QuAD
Adv
QuAD
Foun.
SSWA - Senior SW Architect
SWA - SW Architect
SDAT - SW Design and Architecture
QuAD - Quality Aware Development
CQIL – Code Quality Implementation Lead
RE - Requirements Engineering
CQILParallel
Prog.
existing
planned
Starter FOCUS
Certified
Senior certified
Ba
se
of th
e p
yra
mid
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Page 23 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Curriculum Topics Part I (for all roles)
Topics Duration in days
1. Computing Fundamentals 1
2. Software Requirements 1
3. Software Design 0.5
4. Software Configuration Mgmt 0.5
5. Software Testing (Part I and II) 1
6. Software Process and Quality 0.5
7. Software Maintenance
8. Secure Coding topics 0.5
9. Technical Writing
Part II (For developers only)
1. Adv. Computing Concepts 0.5
2. Design Patterns 0.5
3. SW Construction (Part I and II) 1
4. Programming Concepts
1. Quality Aware Development (QuadLite)
2. Language Specifics (C++, C#, Java) 3
total 10
Each FOCUS participant goes through a ten days
training program
Target group: Employees with an
experience of two to three years
Basis: IEEE CSDA certification syllabus
adjusted to Siemens’ requirements
Approach: Class room sessions
Evaluation: Multiple choice test
Frequency: Once a month for 25
trainees per session
Faculty:
100% internal trainers
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Page 24 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
For a complete software engineer, in addition to
technical skills other skills are required as well
Behavior
• Culture
• Leadership program
• Communication
• Presentation skills
Know why
Technology (Software Engineering)
• FOCUS
• Advanced and Specialized
• Design and Architecture
• Requirements Engineering
• Test
• Code Quality
• … Know how
Domain Competence
• Basic
• Advanced
(defined jointly with business units)
Know what
Project & Quality
• Project Management
• Process Quality
Know how
Corporate Development Center’s four dimensional training program
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Code quality – What it is all about!
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Code quality deals with a variety of different topics
• Code quality assessment - "Assess whether there is a clever combination of
ones and zeros."
• Assessing the code quality with respect to defined code quality targets
• Making quality issues and their impact transparent
• Enabling automated quality monitoring (trend analysis)
• Code quality improvement - "Do not sell zeros."
• Propose target-oriented action plans based on assessment results
• Give developers detailed feedback on their code and how to improve it
• Support code maintenance with code comprehension techniques and systematic
refactoring approaches
• Code to quality - "Don’t let software quality become a little assignment."
• Consulting how to manage code quality from the very beginning
• Support developers to identify and resolve quality issues early and easily
• Enable developers to prevent defect introduction
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Page 27 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Our approach to code quality focuses on four
aspects
Siemens Corporate Development Center’s approach for code quality
1. Process
• Procedure for code quality
CQMM1) and Q-minimum standards related to static analysis rules, metric rules
etc.
2. Tools
• COSMOS2) toolkit to bring into practice the Q-minimum and CQMM processes
3. Checks
• Technical audits as an early warning system and four different assessments,
depending on the specific requirements of a project
4. People
• Training (Code Quality Implementation Lead, Quality Aware Development)
1) CQMM = Code Quality Monitoring Method
2) COSMOS = COntinuous Software MOnitoring System.
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CQMM – Established correlation exists between
quality attributes and rules after research
Maintainability
Changeability
Configurability
Structuredness
Documentation
Adaptability
Installability
Time behavior
Resource utilization
Fault tolerance
Soundness
Integrity
Confidentiality
Testability
Simplicity
Readability
Craftsmanship
Maintainability conformance
Portability conformance
Efficiency conformance
Runtime stability
Robustness
Correctness
Availability
Portability
Efficiency
Reliability
Security
Rule A
Rule B
Rule C
Defect A
Defect B
Metric A
Metric B
Bad smellA
Bad smellB
CQMM: Attributes, rules and relation
3000 rules from 5 design
and 12 static analysis
tools have been mapped
and are available as part
of the COSMOS toolkit
for project teams to use
• CQMM uses the ISO
9126 quality model as
its basis
• Violations reported by
static code analyzers
are mapped to quality
attributes they impact
• The CQMM approach
helps highlight
important issues
EMISQ1) Quality Model derived from ISO9126
1) EMISQ = Evaluation Method for Internal Software Quality
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Page 29 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Metric Unit
1 Percentage code duplication %
2 Cyclomatic number Number
3 No. of statements Number
4 Nested block depth Number
5 Code to comment ratio %
6 Weighted method per class Number
7 Coupling between objects Number
8 No. of methods Number
9 No. of static methods Number
10 Lack of cohesion in methods %
11 Depth of inheritance tree Number
12 No. of children Number
13 File size in no. of lines Number
14 No. of classes per file Number
15 No. of methods definition per file Number
• Common metrics identified
from projects across all
domains
• Thresholds set (upper limit,
lower limit, goal) based on
analysis of identified
common gaps
• Metrics are documented in
the procedure for code
quality
• COSMOS tool provides a
consolidated view of metrics
and static analysis violations
• Quality gates contain
specific check points to
ensure process adherence
We use a number of different code quality metrics
Q-minimum: Code quality related metrics monitored by CT DC
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Page 30 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Community – Siemens Software Initiative (SWI)
• The Siemens SWI is a company wide
“governance and guidance” initiative
• It is the Siemens-wide central source on
software topics, including not only technical
topics, but also how software is embedded
in the organization and processes
• The SWI works closely together with the
divisions and cross-functional organizations
and has a global view on all of its activities
Curriculum
• SSWA
• SWA
• SyA
Best Practice Sharing
E.g. on Model-Driven, System
Architecture, Cloud Computing,
Agile Development, Testing,
Security, Lean in R&D, etc.
Strategy
• SW Strategy Board
• Open Source Task Force
• Product & Solution Security Board
Reporting
• Structure
• Maturity level
• Actions
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Page 31 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
We invest in a thriving software engineering
community with both internal and external events
We implemented many different initiatives
• Monthly colloquiums
• Technology journal
• Regular best practice sharing workshops
and experience days
• Annual technology day
• Special interest groups on selected topics,
e.g. Architecture, Project Management,
Metrics
• Hackathon
• Cooperation within Siemens and with
international institutes
• …
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Page 32 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Our 4C for a Software engineering culture have
ensured that we continuously deliver high quality
Software
engineering
culture
• We continuously
look for new ideas
and practices and
co-operate within
Siemens as well as
with the external
community
• Well defined
training programs
are conducted and
regularly updated
to meet our
competence needs
• Well trained
employees,
supported by
robust quality
initiatives, leads to
sustained high
performance
• An employee-
driven, active
community
ensures a high
level of engage-
ment and
satisfaction
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Page 33 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Agenda
• Software at Siemens
• Software is changing the world
• Achieving excellence in software engineering
• Creating a software engineering culture
• Creating a people oriented culture
• Results and summary
Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2014 All rights reserved.
Page 34 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
People are the heart of software engineering!
1. The most valuable assets of any R&D focused
organization are its people1)
2. Motivated employees = Satisfied customers2)
1) Human Resources and Organization Success, John Bodreau, 1996
2) Putting the Service Profit Chain to Work, James Heskett and others, HBR July 2008
Facts
ConsequenceDefining a culture and an environment that attracts, motivates,
engages, and retains employees – a people oriented culture –
is essential to achieve excellence in software engineering
Our philosophy – Our people are our core asset
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Page 35 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Based on our analysis, we defined a comprehensive
program to address people challenges – 4C1
1) 4C are also used to characterize a diamond: Cut, Clarity, Carat, Color
Culture
Career
Compensation
Content
a fair and rewarding work environment
opportunities for learning and growth
and competitive salaries
exposure to technology and challenging
assignments
Σ = 4 C
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Page 36 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Culture is the key to a motivating work environment
There are many ways to create a good work environment…
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Page 37 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Peter F. Drucker: Culture eats strategy for breakfast.
We go beyond the employee’s capabilities and care
for his / her interests and families:
• XStasis, our employee forum with sports activities,
dance, drama, music and social activities
• Family@office day
• Reward and recognition programs
• “Lunch with the boss” meetings
• Employee assistance program
• Day care facility
• Concierge services
• …
We have rolled out multiple initiatives to ensure a rewarding work environment
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Page 38 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
We put in constant effort to ensure each „C‟ is
taken care of across all levels in the organization
People
oriented
culture
• International
projects
• Transfer potential
into global careers
• Working on high
impact products
• Next generation
technologies and
products
• Performance driven
culture
• Caring for interests
and families
• Market competitive
salaries
• Regular
benchmarking
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Page 39 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Agenda
• Software at Siemens
• Software is changing the world
• Achieving excellence in global software engineering
• Creating a software engineering culture
• Creating a people oriented culture
• Results and summary
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Page 40 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Achievements
• We managed a growth of
30% year on year
• Our retention rate of 96% is
best-in-class
• In terms of work content, we
operate at a higher maturity
level than the industry
average
• Our approach has been
recognized within Siemens
as well as by the
international community
• Our partners are very
satisfied
Delhi, October 12, 2013, Siemens Corporate Development Center
in India wins the mint - Institute for Competitiveness Strategy
Award 2013 in IT service industry.
• We are best-in-class wrt code quality management
and software engineering related trainings
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Page 41 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
And we have overcome the „highly paid amateur‟
syndrome
Steve Tockey
IEEE Computer Society
Chair Certification Committee,
Professional Activities Board and
Principal Consultant at Construx Software
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Page 42 Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series
Summary
To achieve excellence in software engineering, key to success are the 4C,
to create a software engineering culture and a people oriented culture!
4C