For Presentation at the 4th World Water Forum Mexico

Achieving 100% Sanitation in Achieving 100% Sanitation in Bangladesh by 2010Bangladesh by 2010

Local Government DivisionLocal Government DivisionMinistry of Local Government, Rural Development and CooperativesMinistry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives

Government of BangladeshGovernment of Bangladesh16 16 –– 22 March 200622 March 2006

Where are weWhere are we

BangladeshBangladesh

Closer Look at BangladeshCloser Look at Bangladesh

Basic Facts Basic Facts

Official name People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Capital Dhaka

Area 147,570 sq km

Population 130 Million (2001)

137 Million (2005 estimate)

Life expectancy 64.9 years (2002)

Infant mortality rate 53.27 deaths per 1,000 live births (2002)

Literacy rate 62.66 percent (2002)

Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$)

$51.9 billion (2003)

GDP per capita (U.S.$) $445 (2003)

How does Bangladesh compare How does Bangladesh compare with Mexico in Area and Populationwith Mexico in Area and Population

93%

7%

Mexico Bangladesh

42%58%

Mexico Bangladesh

Area Population

Global, Regional and Global, Regional and Bangladesh Scenario on Bangladesh Scenario on

SanitationSanitation

Sanitation Movement in BangladeshSanitation Movement in Bangladesh

GloballyGlobally2.6 billion people are without adequate sanitation2.6 billion people are without adequate sanitation4 billion people do not have treated their wastewater to 4 billion people do not have treated their wastewater to any degreeany degree

In the developing WorldIn the developing World5 of every 10 people lack adequate sanitation5 of every 10 people lack adequate sanitation9 of every 10 people do not have treated their 9 of every 10 people do not have treated their wastewater to any degreewastewater to any degree

In Bangladesh (in 2003)In Bangladesh (in 2003)Almost 6 of every 10 people lack adequate sanitationAlmost 6 of every 10 people lack adequate sanitation9 of every 10 people in urban slums lack basic sanitation9 of every 10 people in urban slums lack basic sanitation

Access to Improved Sanitation Access to Improved Sanitation Services in the RegionServices in the Region

62%

94%

64%

96%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Pakistan Sri Lanka Myanmar Thailand

World Development Report, 2004

Why are we concerned about Why are we concerned about Sanitation?Sanitation?

Inadequate Sanitation

Economy Poverty

Health

Effects of Inadequate Sanitation in Effects of Inadequate Sanitation in BangladeshBangladesh

About 110,000 children under five die of About 110,000 children under five die of diarrhealdiarrheal disease every yeardisease every year1 out of 4 deaths of under1 out of 4 deaths of under--5 children is 5 children is caused by diarrheacaused by diarrheaOver 65 million episodes of Over 65 million episodes of diarrhealdiarrhealdiseases occur annually among underdiseases occur annually among under--5 5 childrenchildrenAn average child in Bangladesh suffers 3An average child in Bangladesh suffers 3--4 episodes of 4 episodes of diarrhealdiarrheal disease every disease every year.year.

Effects of Inadequate Sanitation in Effects of Inadequate Sanitation in BangladeshBangladesh

The people of Bangladesh spend no less than The people of Bangladesh spend no less than Taka 500 Taka 500 crorecrore annually to cover physicianannually to cover physician’’s s fee, medicine and travel cost to clinics in treating fee, medicine and travel cost to clinics in treating the major waterthe major water--borne diseasesborne diseasesThe cost would be much higher if the loss of The cost would be much higher if the loss of income, time spent for patient care, and effect income, time spent for patient care, and effect on child development are factored inon child development are factored inDiarrhoealDiarrhoeal diseases in Bangladesh cause loss of diseases in Bangladesh cause loss of 5.7 million Disabilities Adjusted Life Years, 61% 5.7 million Disabilities Adjusted Life Years, 61% of total DALYSof total DALYS..The poor are the hardest hit by the sanitation The poor are the hardest hit by the sanitation related diseases.related diseases.

MDG FocusMDG Focus

reducing povertyreducing povertyreducing child mortalityreducing child mortalitycombating diseasescombating diseasesensuring environmental sustainabilityensuring environmental sustainability–– Access to basic sanitationAccess to basic sanitation–– Improving the quality of life of slum dwellersImproving the quality of life of slum dwellers

National Sanitation GoalNational Sanitation Goal

GoB in response to the global call, GoB in response to the global call, launched a national sanitation campaign in launched a national sanitation campaign in the year 2003 and set a target of achieving the year 2003 and set a target of achieving 100% sanitation by 2010100% sanitation by 2010

The month of October has been declared as the The month of October has been declared as the ““Sanitation MonthSanitation Month”” to accelerate the national to accelerate the national sanitation campaignsanitation campaign

SACOSAN 2003SACOSAN 2003

South Asian Conference on Sanitation South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, held during (SACOSAN) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, held during October 21October 21--23, 200323, 2003This was attended by 4 Ministers, State This was attended by 4 Ministers, State Ministers, senior civil servants, professionals Ministers, senior civil servants, professionals from sector institutions, academia, civil society, from sector institutions, academia, civil society, NGOs, Development Partners, and the private NGOs, Development Partners, and the private sector from 9 South Asian Countries (SAARC sector from 9 South Asian Countries (SAARC countries + Myanmar + Afghanistan)countries + Myanmar + Afghanistan)

““The Dhaka Declaration on SanitationThe Dhaka Declaration on Sanitation””recognized and unanimously agreed,recognized and unanimously agreed,

that significant improvements in the that significant improvements in the situation of sanitation and safe water situation of sanitation and safe water

will have large positive impactswill have large positive impactsonon

poverty reduction by improving health poverty reduction by improving health and productivity and productivity

andand

therefore should have a central role in therefore should have a central role in countrycountry’’s poverty reduction strategies.s poverty reduction strategies.

Sanitation Scenario of Sanitation Scenario of Bangladesh in 2003Bangladesh in 2003

The national survey (The national survey (MoLGRD&CMoLGRD&C, 2003) , 2003) revealed that only 33% (4.26 crore) of the revealed that only 33% (4.26 crore) of the population have access to hygienic means population have access to hygienic means of excreta disposal.of excreta disposal.About 25% (3.23 About 25% (3.23 crorecrore) use unhygienic ) use unhygienic open hanging latrines,open hanging latrines,About 42% (5.43 About 42% (5.43 crorecrore) do not use any ) do not use any form of latrineform of latrine

Challenges for Achieving National Challenges for Achieving National Sanitation GoalSanitation Goal

100% sanitation coverage by 2010100% sanitation coverage by 2010Reaching the PoorReaching the PoorAchieving full coverage in urban areasAchieving full coverage in urban areasElimination of open defecationElimination of open defecationConversion of hanging and other Conversion of hanging and other unhygienic latrines into hygienic onesunhygienic latrines into hygienic onesPromotion of hygiene practicePromotion of hygiene practiceSustainabilitySustainability

Important Initiatives TakenImportant Initiatives Taken

Initiating Taskforce on Sanitation at all Initiating Taskforce on Sanitation at all administrative leveladministrative levelNationwide Baseline SurveyNationwide Baseline SurveySanitation SecretariatSanitation SecretariatObserving Observing ‘‘OctoberOctober’’ as as ‘‘Sanitation MonthSanitation Month’’Media CampaignMedia Campaign

Important Initiatives TakenImportant Initiatives Taken

Developing National Sanitation StrategyDeveloping National Sanitation StrategyDeveloping ProDeveloping Pro--poor Strategy for Water poor Strategy for Water Supply and SanitationSupply and SanitationGrassroots consultationGrassroots consultationReward for achievementReward for achievementProjects under DPHEProjects under DPHEPartnership with StakeholdersPartnership with Stakeholders

Some Guiding PrinciplesSome Guiding PrinciplesSanitation is a basic human rightSanitation is a basic human rightAssisting the poorAssisting the poorSanitation is about healthSanitation is about healthBehavioral changeBehavioral changeSanitation is a community concernSanitation is a community concernEquitable allocation of resourcesEquitable allocation of resourcesGender and culture sensitive approachGender and culture sensitive approachDecentralizationDecentralizationPartnership approachPartnership approachEnvironmental integrityEnvironmental integrity

Strategies Developed for:Strategies Developed for:Creating Effective Demand through Health Creating Effective Demand through Health Education and Hygiene PromotionEducation and Hygiene Promotion

Ensuring Involvement of the Entire Ensuring Involvement of the Entire CommunityCommunity

Reaching the Hardcore PoorReaching the Hardcore Poor

Addressing the Issues of Urban SanitationAddressing the Issues of Urban Sanitation

For SustainabilityFor Sustainability

For Monitoring and EvaluationFor Monitoring and Evaluation

Working in Partnership with NGOs, Working in Partnership with NGOs, National and Local Government National and Local Government Institutes, Civil Society and the Institutes, Civil Society and the Community Accelerated the ProgressCommunity Accelerated the Progress

Current StatusCurrent StatusSanitation CoverageSanitation Coverage

AreaArea During Baseline Survey on During Baseline Survey on Sep 2003Sep 2003

Present situation as of Present situation as of December 2005December 2005

Rural areaRural area 52725895272589(28.77%)(28.77%)

1204812912048129(65.74%)(65.74%)

PouroshovaPouroshova 983025983025(53.10%)(53.10%)

14754191475419(79.69%)(79.69%)

City CorporationCity Corporation 850527850527(69.92%)(69.92%)

954491954491(78.47%)(78.47%)

Urban AreaUrban Area 18335521833552(59.77%)(59.77%)

24299102429910( 79.21%)( 79.21%)

Total County Total County 71061417106141(33.21%)(33.21%)

1447803914478039(67.67%)(67.67%)

Sanitation SecretariatSanitation Secretariat

Urban Urban Sanitation Sanitation

Status Status (2003)(2003)

Urban Urban Sanitation Sanitation

Status Status (2005)(2005)

Progress ScenarioProgress Scenario

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

Sep'03 Jun'04 Dec'04 Jun'05 Sep'05 Dec'05

Cov

erag

e ac

hiev

ed

Sanitation SecretariatSanitation Secretariat

Framework for achieving the goal of 100% sanitation Framework for achieving the goal of 100% sanitation coverage by the year 2010 coverage by the year 2010

National Goal

Specific objectives

Elimination of Open Defecation

Conversion ofHanging Latrines

Solid Waste andSullage Disposal

Promotion ofHygiene Practice

Strategies

Set Realistic Short Term (may be annual) targets

Review

Review Achievements

Change/ Correct Strategies

Reset Targets

Continue Until 2010

Strategies StrategiesStrategies

NGOs facilitated community interaction NGOs facilitated community interaction and participation, and generating demand and participation, and generating demand for sanitationfor sanitationDevelopment partners showed enthusiasm Development partners showed enthusiasm in supporting Government and NGO in supporting Government and NGO actions actions

Important NGO ActivitiesImportant NGO Activities

Entry into a CommunityEntry into a CommunityFormation of a WATSAN CommitteeFormation of a WATSAN CommitteeAction PlanAction PlanMeetings with the CommunityMeetings with the CommunityChildren's Group FormationChildren's Group FormationCommunity Cleaning ExerciseCommunity Cleaning ExerciseConstruction and Installation of HardwareConstruction and Installation of HardwareHealth and Hygiene Education SessionsHealth and Hygiene Education SessionsMonitoring Behavior ChangesMonitoring Behavior Changes

Bangladesh Heading Towards Bangladesh Heading Towards Achieving its National GoalAchieving its National Goal

Bangladesh ApproachBangladesh Approach

Ensure Sustainability

Ensure 100%coverage

Political commitment

Assessment of situation

Planning

National Sanitation Campaign

Formulation of National Sanitation Strategy

Multi-stakeholder approach

Activating LGIs

Involving the development partners

Encouraging NGOs and other private organizations

Moving towards total sanitation

Extra fund flow towards LGIs for further improvement

Reward for achievement

Subsidy to Hardcore poor

Important InitiativesImportant InitiativesThe National Sanitation Campaign (since 2003)The National Sanitation Campaign (since 2003)The government decision of allocating 20% of The government decision of allocating 20% of UpazilaUpazila ADP grant for sanitation and earmarking ADP grant for sanitation and earmarking 25% of this allocation for motivational activities 25% of this allocation for motivational activities and the rest 75% for hardware support for the and the rest 75% for hardware support for the hardcore poorhardcore poorActivated Activated LGIsLGIs and other stakeholders in the and other stakeholders in the sectorsectorDevelopment partners and NGOs extended Development partners and NGOs extended support to the government move and was support to the government move and was involved particularly to ensure that the hardware involved particularly to ensure that the hardware support actually reaches the hardcore poorsupport actually reaches the hardcore poor

Financing SanitationFinancing SanitationPublic funding for sanitation promotion is Public funding for sanitation promotion is being increased from the present levelbeing increased from the present levelAdequate allocation in the Municipalities & Adequate allocation in the Municipalities & City CorporationCity Corporation’’s budget for sanitation and s budget for sanitation and hygiene promotion is being consideredhygiene promotion is being consideredDevelopment partners should increase Development partners should increase funding for sanitation activities in view of the funding for sanitation activities in view of the overall health and poverty impactoverall health and poverty impactPrivate financing is encouraged through Private financing is encouraged through demand creation and a conducive demand creation and a conducive environment for investmentenvironment for investmentEquitable resource allocation will be followed Equitable resource allocation will be followed

ConstraintsConstraintsThere are variations in achievements There are variations in achievements –– sociosocio--economic conditionseconomic conditions–– HydroHydro--geological conditionsgeological conditions–– administrative settingsadministrative settings

Rural coverage is more easily achieved Rural coverage is more easily achieved compared to urban settings particularly the large compared to urban settings particularly the large city corporationscity corporationsUrban issues related to sanitation improvement Urban issues related to sanitation improvement are much more complex and expensive than are much more complex and expensive than those of the rural areasthose of the rural areas

Bangladesh Placing More Bangladesh Placing More Emphasis on:Emphasis on:

Ensuring commitment of top level managementEnsuring commitment of top level managementEnsuring effective support to hardcore poorEnsuring effective support to hardcore poorEnsuring services for urban slum dwellersEnsuring services for urban slum dwellersAppropriate technology options for urban areasAppropriate technology options for urban areasImproving solid waste management system in Improving solid waste management system in urban areasurban areasEnsuring Monitoring & Evaluation of sanitation Ensuring Monitoring & Evaluation of sanitation progressprogressEnsuring adequate financing for 100% sanitationEnsuring adequate financing for 100% sanitationDeveloping and enforcing appropriate Developing and enforcing appropriate ““Sanitation Sanitation LawsLaws””