Slide 1

ACCURACY VS FLUENCYDAYANG, ROSE, HASANAH, FIY, FAI, SHEYR

DEFINITIONRefers to the use of correct forms where utterances do not contain errors affecting the phonological, syntactic, semantic or discourse features of a language (Bryne, 1988)Accuracy refers to the correctness of the language being produced by the speaker.Ability to produce grammatically correct sentences.

DEFINITIONFluency is derived from the Latin word fluens which means to flow.May be defined as the ability to get across communicative intent without too much hesitation and too many pauses to cause barriers or a breakdown in communication (Crystal, 1977; Bryne, 1986; Nation, 1991)Freedom from word identification problems

ACCURACYFLUENCYDecoding and comprehending simultaneously.The speaker is comfortable using the language and can be reasonably understood by other speakers of the TL.The ability to read/speak accurately, quickly and with appropriate intonation and expression. (Put Reading First 2001, p. 21)

Clear and articulate speaking or writing.Language free from grammar mistakes.Words spelled and/or pronounced correctly.Language appropriate to the situation and/or context.The ability to produce written and / or spoken language with ease.Speak with a good but not necessarily perfect command of intonation, vocabulary and grammar.Communicate ideas effectively.Produce continuous speech without causing comprehension difficulties or a breakdown in communication.

ACCURACYFLUENCYACTIVITIESPurpose: to help students achieve accurate perception and production of a targetitem which can be sound, a word, or a sentencestructure.ACTIVITIESPurpose:to help students practice language in listening, speaking, reading, and/orwriting activities to sodevelop fluency in using the language in spontaneouscommunication.ACCURACYFLUENCYMATERIALS

a) texts are usually composed of separate ("discrete") items: sentences or words.b) texts may be used in any mode (skill), regardless of how they are used in real life.c) the target items are usually practiced out of context or situation.MATERIALS

a) texts are usually whole pieces of discourses: conversation, stories, etc.b) texts are usually used as they would be in real life: dialogues are spoken, articles and written stories are read.c) authentic materials from real life are used.ACCURACYFLUENCYACTIVITIES

a) students' attention is focused on a particular target item.b) their output is usually predictable.c) their performance is assessed on how few language mistakes are maded) errors are correctede) tasks do not usually simulate real-life situations.ACTIVITIES

students' attention is focused on communicating information and expressing ideas.their output may not always be predictable.their performance is assessed on how well ideas are expressed or understood.students' errors are not corrected unless it interferes with communicationtasks often simulate real-life situations.

ACCURACYFLUENCYFluency task should:-build students confidence.-be a chance for students to recycle language and vocabulary-allow students to talk about what they wish to talk about.-need to listen to each other-be good for diagnosis: students can experiment with language-give students space so they can personalise-have a positive effect on classroom dynamics

-if they have an authentic task which works in real time, then the language will have a direct effect on the outcome of the task.-in life, communication in paramount and requires a genuine use of language.-fluency is a process not a product.

correction of errors that are provided inadvertently may discourage learners from speaking.

Fossilization errors that have become a permanent part in the way a learner speaks (Nation 1989)communication in a target language is not always the most effective way to develop speaking skills.

ACCURACY (ISSUES) FLUENCY (ISSUES)Referenceshttp://www.auburn.edu/~nunnath/engl6240/accuracy.html(Brown, 2001, p. 268)http://www.geocities.co.jp/collegeLife/9546/papers/paper2.htmhttp://miguelbengoa.com/elt/?p=693