Accounting IIUnit 3

Receivables

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The term receivables includes all money claims against other

entities, including people, business firms, and other

organizations.

So Money Owed to Us!

Classification of Receivables p398

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Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are normally expected to be

collected within a relatively short period, such as 30 or 60 days.

This normally does not include interest unless

payment is late.3

Notes receivable are amounts that customers owe for which a formal, written instrument

of credit has been issued.

Now, this normally does include interest.

Notes Receivable

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There are two methods of accounting for receivables that appear to be

uncollectible: the direct write off method and the allowance method.

In my opinion, one method is easier but the other creates more accurate record

keeping.

Uncollectible Receivables p399

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The direct write off method records bad debt expense only when an account is

judged to be worthless. The allowance method records bad debt expense by

estimating uncollectible accounts at the end of the accounting period.

So which one is the easier one and which one is the more accurate record keeping

option?

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Example Exercise 9-1 (pg 400)

Journalize the following transactions using the direct write-off method of accounting for uncollectible receivables.

July 9 Received $1,200 from Jay Burke and wrote off the remainder owed of $3,900 as uncollectible.

Oct. 11 Reinstated the account of Jay Burke and received $3,900 cash in full payment.

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Example Exercise 9-1 (pg 400)

July 9 Cash 1,200Bad Debt Expense 3,900

Accounts Receivable—Jay Burke 5,100

Oct.11 Accounts Receivable—Jay Burke 3,900Bad Debt Expense 3,900

11 Cash 3,900Accounts Receivable—Jay Burke 3,900

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Example Exercise 9-2 (pg 403)

Journalize the following transactions using the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible receivables.July 9 Received $1,200 from Jay Burke

and wrote off the remainder owed of $3,900 as uncollectible.

Oct. 11 Reinstated the account of Jay Burke and received $3,900 cash in full payment.

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Example Exercise 9-2 (pg 403)

July 9 Cash 1,200Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 3,900

Accounts Receivable—Jay Burke 5,100

Oct.11 Accounts Receivable—Jay Burke 3,900Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 3,900

11 Cash 3,900Accounts Receivable—Jay Burke 3,900

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Wait, you said one was more challenging?

• If we look back at the two practice exercises that we just completed I see the same number of journal entries (pages 400 and 403). We just used the account Bad Debts Expense in one and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts in the other. Hang on, we are getting there – grin.

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Estimating Uncollectibles p403

1. Estimate based on a percentage of sales.

2. Estimate based on analysis of receivables.

The allowance method uses two ways to estimate the amount debited to Bad Debt Expense.

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First, a quick refresher.• What is the normal balance of our Accounts

Receivable account? Debit or Credit?

• What is the normal balance of our Allowance account? Debit or credit?

• Does this make sense? The Allowance Balance would be subtracted from the A/R account.

Example Exercise 9-3 p405

• This exercise uses the Sales Method.

• If we are going to base the amount that we don’t believe we will collect on sales then we need to keep adding to the allowance account for every new sale, right?

I like to say that we ignore the prior balance in the allowance account with the sales method.

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Example Exercise 9-3 (pg 405)

At the end of the current year, Accounts Receivable has a balance of $800,000; Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a credit balance of $7,500; and net sales for the year total $3,500,000. Bad debt expense is estimated at ½ of 1% of net sales.

Determine (a) the amount of the adjusting entry for uncollectible accounts; (b) the adjusted balances of Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, and Bad Debt Expense; and (c) the net realizable value of accounts receivable.

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Example Exercise 9-3 (pg 405)

(a) $17,500 ($3,500,000 x .005)Adjusted Balance

(b) Accounts Receivable $800,000Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ($7,500 + $17,500) 25,000Bad Debt Expense 17,500

(c) $775,000 ($800,000 – $25,000)

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The longer an account receivable is outstanding, the less likely that it will be

collected. Basing the estimate of uncollectible accounts on how long

specific amounts have been outstanding is called aging the receivables.

Estimating Uncollectibles Based on Analysis of Receivables p405

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Example Exercise 9-4 p407• This exercise uses an analysis of our accounts

receivables.

• If we are going to base the amount that we don’t believe we will collect on receivables then we need to match the balance in the allowance account to the figure that we recalculate every time we make this analysis, right?

I like to say that we have to consider the prior balance in the allowance account with the receivables method.

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Example Exercise 9-4 (pg 407)

At the end of the current year, Accounts Receivable has a balance of $800,000; Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a credit balance of $7,500; and net sales for the year total $3,500,000. Using the aging method, the balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is estimated as $30,000.

Determine (a) the amount of the adjusting entry for uncollectible accounts; (b) the adjusted balances of Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, and Bad Debt Expense, and (c) the net realizable value of accounts receivable.

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Example Exercise 9-4 (pg 407)

(a) $22,500 ($30,000 – $7,500) Keep in mind that we only want a total of $30,000 in the account, right? We already have the $7500 so we just need to add the difference.

Adjusted Balance

(b) Accounts Receivable $800,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 30,000 Bad Debt Expense 22,500

(c) $770,000 ($800,000 – $30,000)

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• a specific amount of money (face amount)• on demand or at a definite time • to an individual or a business (payee), or to the

bearer or holder of the note.

A note receivable, or promissory note, is a written document containing a promise to pay:

Characteristics of Notes Receivable p410

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Interest on the Note

• How do we figure out the date it is due?• Knuckle Trick…• Don’t count the day the note is written but you

do count the day it is paid back. So no interest on the day you get the money, but you have to pay interest on the day you pay it back.

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Example Exercise 9-5 p 413Same day Surgery Center Received a 120 day, 6% note for $40,000, dated March 14 from a patient on account.a. Determine the due date of the note.b. Determine the maturity of the note.c. Journalize the entry to record the receipt of the payment of the

note at maturity.

A. Let’s start with the knuckle trick, how many days in the month of March?31?So since we don’t count the day we get the note we can subtract 14 daysfrom the 31 days in the month, right?

From there we just keep adding months until we come up with 120 days.Keep in mind that the due date never lands on the end of a month

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Example Exercise 9-5

• a. What did you get? I came up with July 12th.

• March 17 days, April 30 days, May 31 days, June 30 days and July 31 but that took me over.So I added everything but July to get:

17 + 30 + 31 + 30 = 108Then I subtracted the 108 from the number of

days that I needed: 120-108 = 12Giving me July 12!

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Example Exercise 9-5 b.• Maturity Value is the amount that is due at

maturity or the due date.

So we need the face of the note plus the interest in this case.

Interest is Principle X Rate X Time (PRT)$40,000 X 6% (.06) X 120/360 (divide by 360 and multiple by 120).

Don’t forget to add that back to the face!!

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Part C, The JE

July 12 Cash 40,800 Note Receivable

40,000 Interest Revenue

800

The credit to the note wipes out that debt.

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Questions?

Does anyone have any questions?

Your textbook exercises for this week are:

PR 9-2A – complete PR 9-2B firstPR 9-5A – complete PR 9-5B first

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