Accompanying Tables

7/30/2019 Accompanying Tables

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Rebecca L. Schewe May 14, 2013

Table 1: Milking Practices

Yes No

Are udders washed or sprayedwith water before milking?

Weighted n 651 2288

Percent 22% 78%

Are teats disinfected before milking?(pre-dip)

Weighted n 2530 412

Percent 86% 14%

Are gloves worn during milking?

Weighted n 1686 1262

Percent 57% 43%

Are teats stripped before milking?Weighted n 2087 855

Percent 71% 29%

Are teats massaged before milking?(other than stripping)

Weighted n 1007 1919

Percent 34% 66%

Are teats dried before milking?Weighted n 2678 253

Percent 91% 9%

Do you use separate towels for each cow?Weighted n 2469 296

Percent 89% 11%

Are teats disinfected after milking?(post-dip)

Weighted n 2741 194

Percent 93% 7%

Are some cows milked after the automatictakeoff removes the unit?

Weighted n 589 1072

Percent 35% 65%

The majority of farmers report using these milking practices: disinfecting before milking (86%), wearing gloves during milking (57%),

stripping teats before milking (71%), drying teats before milking (91%), using separate towels for each cow (89%), disinfecting after

milking (93%). The majority of farmers report NOT using these practices: washing udders with water before milking (78%), massaging tea

before milking (66%), milking cows after the automatic takeoff removes the unit (65%).


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Table 2: Evaluation of Milking MachineryLess Than

Once a

Year

AboutOnce

a Year

At LeastTwice

a Year

At LeastOnce

a Month

How often are pulsators evaluated(graphed) for performance?

Weighted n 876 1,432 497 61

Percent 31% 50% 17% 2%

How often is the entire milking

system evaluated?

Weighted n 828 1,489 466 48

Percent 29% 53% 16% 2%

Most respondents report having pulsators and the entire milking system evaluated about once a year (50% and 53%, respectively). A

significant minority (31% and 29% respectively) have pulsators and the milking system evaluated less than once a year.

Table 3: Replacement of Liners (Inflations)

Times Per Year

Min 0.90

Max 360.00

Mean 5.93Linearized

SE 0.33

Missing 48.00

Total 628.00

Respondents replace liners an average of approximately 6 times per year.

Table 4: How often are you in the parlor to observe milking?

Never

Less Than

Once aMonth

About

Oncea Month

About

Oncea Week

About

Oncea Day

Almost

EveryMilking

How often are you in theparlor and observing milking?

Weighted n 73 12 29 89 364 1,977

Percent 3% 0% 1% 3% 14% 78%

The vast majority of farmers are in the parlor to observe milking almost every milking (78%), with only 4% of respondents reporting

observing once a month or less.


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Table 5: How much time elapses from when teats are massaged until units are attached

Don't Massageor

Strip Teats

2Minutes

Not Sure

How much time elapsesfrom when teats

are first massaged (orstripped) until units are

attached?

Weightedn

274 278 1,005 1,144 96 106

Percent 9% 10% 35% 39% 3% 4%

The most common responses to teat massage time are between 1-2 minutes (39%) and 30-60 seconds (35%).


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Table 6: Mastitis Management

Never Sometimes Frequently Always N/A

Milk mastitis and treatedcows in a separate group

Weighted n1,019 439 132 1,025 265

Percent 35% 15% 5% 36% 9%

Use oxytocin for milk letdown Weighted n 1,045 1,544 208 71 60

Percent 36% 53% 7% 2% 2%

Use intramammary antibioticsat dry off (dry treatment)

Weighted n292 321 135 2,223 3

Percent 10% 11% 5% 75% 0%

Use an internal teat sealant

at dry off Weighted n 1,467 202 62 1,127 63Percent 50% 7% 2% 39% 2%

Dock tails Weighted n 2,180 267 65 406 40

Percent 74% 9% 2% 14% 1%

Singe hair on the udder Weighted n 1,879 558 201 239 51

Percent 64% 19% 7% 8% 2%

Use vaccines to controlcoliform mastitis

Weighted n1,672 367 127 722 35

Percent 57% 13% 4% 25% 1%

Use vaccines to control staphaureus

Weighted n2,188 336 62 239 92

Percent 75% 12% 2% 8% 3%

Insure strict compliance withmilking protocols

Weighted n199 387 643 1,431 176

Percent 7% 14% 23% 50% 6%

Clean alleys/gutters after orduring each milking Weighted n 83 316 378 2,107 82

Percent 3% 11% 13% 71% 3%

Train employees in mastitisprotocols

Weighted n354 379 416 903 664

Percent 13% 14% 15% 33% 24%

It is worth noting that there is a significant divide regarding milking mastitis and treated cows in a separate group: 35% report that they

never do this while 36% report that they always do. There is also a significant divide regarding the use of internal teat sealant: 50% report

that they never do and 39% report that they always do. 53% of respondents report that they sometimes use oxytocin for milk letdown, 75%

use dry treatment, 74% never dock tails, 64% singe hairs on the udders, 57% use vaccines to control coliform mastitis, 75% use vaccines to

control staph aureus, only 50% report insuring strict compliance with milking protocols, 71% report always cleaning alleys/gutters

during/after milkings. Importantly, only 33% report that they always train employees in mastitis protocols and 13% report that they neve

train employees in mastitis protocols.


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Table 7: Most Important Causes of Mastitis ReductionMost

Important2nd MostImportant

3rd MostImportant

Milk mastitis and treated cows ina separate group

Weighted n 253.7 152.3 173.9

Percent 10% 6% 8%

Use oxytocin for milk letdown Weighted n 13.53 73.74 60.76

Percent 1% 4% 3%

Use intramammary antibiotics atdry off (dry treatment)

Weighted n 966.6 492.9 347.2

Percent 38% 24% 18%

Use an internal teat sealant at dry

off

Weighted n 91.14 414.4 192.2

Percent 3% 17% 9%

Dock tails Weighted n 21.96 18.65 56.9

Percent 1% 1% 3%

Singe hair on the udder Weighted n 18.65 79.85 119.2

Percent 1% 3% 5%

Use vaccines to control coliformmastitis

Weighted n 80.17 186 248.5

Percent 3% 7% 11%

Use vaccines to control staphaureus

Weighted n 31.38 24.51 66.63

Percent 1% 1% 3%

Insure strict compliance withmilking protocols

Weighted n 713.5 310.1 241

Percent 27% 13% 11%

Clean alleys/gutters after orduring each milking

Weighted n 170.7 442.9 402.9

Percent 6% 18% 19%

Train employees in mastitis

protocols

Weighted n 152.9 219 208.9

Percent 6% 9% 10%

Other Weighted n 145.6 66.01 51.92

Percent 5% 3% 2%

We followed up by asking respondents which of the above practices were most important in reducing mastitis. The most common response

to the most important mastitis-reducing practice was the use of dry treatment (38%), with insuring strict compliance with milking protoco

as the second most common response (27%), and milking mastitis and treated cows in a separate group as the third most common respons

(10%). The most common response to the second most important mastitis-reducing practice was the use of dry treatment (24%), second

most common was cleaning alleys/gutters (18%), and insuring strict compliance with milking protocols the third most common (13%).


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Table 8: Mastitis Diagnosis and Treatment

Never Sometimes Frequently Always N/A

Use individual cow SCC toidentify infected cows

Weighted n 552 789 620 898 71

Percent 19% 27% 21% 31% 2%

Use conductivity in milk toidentify infected cows

Weighted n 1,622 517 179 243 233

Percent 58% 18% 6% 9% 8%

Culture milk samples from highSCC or conductivity cows

Weighted n 991 1,369 296 155 73

Percent 34% 47% 10% 5% 3%

Culture milk samples fromclinical mastitis cases

Weighted n 933 1,480 258 168 41

Percent 32% 51% 9% 6% 1%

Culture bulk milk tank samples Weighted n 1,753 798 110 127 39

Percent 62% 28% 4% 4% 1%

Keep written or computertreatment records for all cows

Weighted n 1,042 453 304 1,022 52

Percent 36% 16% 11% 36% 2%

Treat mastitis cows for the fullcourse of antibiotic doses

Weighted n 281 647 518 1,439 63

Percent 10% 22% 18% 49% 2%

Review treatment records beforemaking treatment decisions

Weighted n 547 1,006 431 771 106

Percent 19% 35% 15% 27% 4%

Use systemic antibiotics to treatclinical mastitis

Weighted n 718 1,346 309 234 190

Percent 26% 48% 11% 8% 7%

Use intramammary antibiotics totreat clinical mastitis

Weighted n 418 998 567 849 55

Percent 14% 35% 20% 29% 2%

Use antiinflammatory drugs totreat clinical mastitis

Weighted n 926 1,241 330 224 87

Percent 33% 44% 12% 8% 3%

Use oxytocin to treat clinicalmastitis

Weighted n 1,428 1,023 225 183 62

Percent 49% 35% 8% 6% 2%

Use natural (organic) therapiesto treat clinical mastitis

Weighted n 1,089 955 406 257 119

Percent 39% 34% 14% 9% 4%

Use alcohol pads beforeintramammary tube infusions

Weighted n 187 191 170 2,339 57

Percent 6% 6% 6% 79% 2%

Train employees in treatmentprotocols

Weighted n 441 423 332 864 655

Percent 16% 16% 12% 32% 24%

It is noteworthy that very few diagnosis techniques are widely used. Especially noteworthy is that 58% never use conductivity to diagnose

cows, 62% never culture bulk tank samples, 36% keep no written or computer records, and 16% never train employees in treatment

protocols. It is also noteworthy that only 49% of respondents report always treating cows for the full round of antibiotics.


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Rebecca L. Schewe

May 14, 2013

Table 9: Most Important Causes of Antibiotic ReductionMost

Important2nd MostImportant

3rd MostImportant

Use individual cow SCC toidentify infected cows

Weighted n 467 202 136

Percent 20% 10% 8%

Use conductivity in milk to

identify infected cowsWeighted n 40 78 44

Percent 2% 4% 3%

Culture milk samples fromhigh SCC or conductivity

cows


Percent4% 9% 4%

Culture milk samples from

clinical mastitis casesWeighted n 97 97 82

Percent 4% 5% 5%

Culture bulk milk tank

samplesWeighted n 7 28 22

Percent 0% 1% 1%

Keep written or computer

treatment records for all

cows


Percent 4% 5% 10%

Treat mastitis cows for the

full course of antibiotic

doses


Percent10% 13% 12%

Review treatment recordsbefore making treatment

decisions


Percent5% 5% 7%

Use systemic antibiotics to

treat clinical mastitisWeighted n 34 34 21

Percent 1% 2% 1%

Use intramammary

antibiotics to treat clinicalmastitis


Percent4% 7% 6%

Use antiinflammatory drugsto treat clinical mastitis

Weighted n 63 91 65

Percent 3% 5% 4%

Use oxytocin to treat

clinical mastitisWeighted n 156 123 123

Percent 7% 6% 7%

Use natural (organic)

therapies to treat clinical

mastitis


Percent 22% 10% 6%

Use alcohol pads before

intramammary tube

infusions


Percent 5% 11% 18%

Train employees intreatment protocols


Percent 6% 5% 7%

OtherWeighted n 68 24 12

Percent 3% 1% 1%

As with mastitis practices, we followed questions about treatment practices by asking them to rank

which were the most, second most, and third most important practices in reducing antibiotic use. It is

worth noting that the most common response to the most important antibiotic-reducing practice was the


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Rebecca L. Schewe

May 14, 2013

use of organic therapies (22%). This is noteworthy because 39% of respondents said that they never use

organic therapies. An interpretation of this data is that although not a majority of respondents use

organic therapies, those who do use them find them an effective way of reducing antibiotic use. The

second most common response was the use of individual cow SCC to identify infected cows, and the third

most important response was treating cows for the full round of antibiotics (10%). Treating cows for the

full round of antibiotics is the most common response (13%) to the second most important practice and

the use of alcohol pads before intrmammary infusions is the second most common response (11%) to thesecond most important practice.

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