Accidents EEG Lesions and Functio nal MRI CAT PETMRI.
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Transcript of Accidents EEG Lesions and Functio nal MRI CAT PETMRI.
The Brain
The Brain and Central Nervous System
How do we study the Brain??
Accidents
EEG
Lesions and Functional
MRI
CAT
PET
MRI
Accidents Phineas Gage Story
Personality changed after the accident.
What does this tell us?
Phineas’s frontal cortex (higher thinking) was severed from the part of the brain in charge of emotions.
Lesions Removal or destruction of some part of the brain.
Frontal Lobotomy
Electroencephalogram
EEG Detects brain
waves through their
electrical output.
Used mainly in sleep research.
Computerized Axial Tomography
CAT Scan
CAT(3 Words)
3D X-Ray of the brain.
Good for tumor locating, but tells us nothing about function.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI More detailed picture of
brain using a magnetic field to knock electrons off axis.
Takes many still pictures and turns images into a movie like production.
Positron Emission Tomography PET Scan
Measures how much of a chemical the brain is using (usually glucose consumption).
Functional MRI
Combination of PET and MRI
Brain Structures:
1. Hindbrain2. Midbrain3. Forebrain
Cerebral Cortex (part or
forebrain)
Brain Structures:Hindbrain:
Medulla Oblongata Located just above the spinal cord.
Involved in control of blood pressure heart rate breathing.
Brain Structures:Hindbrain:
Cerebellum Controls our
balance and fine movement skills
Brain Structures: Midbrain
Coordinates simple movements with sensory information.
Most important structure in Midbrain is the Reticular Formation: controls arousal and ability to focus our attention.
Brain Structures: Forebrain
What makes us human. Largest part of the brain. Made up of the Thalamus,
Limbic System and Cerebral Cortex.
Brain Structures: Forebrain
Thalamus
Receives sensory signals from the spinal cord and sends them to other parts of the forebrain.
Brain Structures: Forebrain
The Limbic SystemEmotions, our most basic reactions, are generated in the Limbic system along with the many appetites and urges that help us behave in such a way to survive. For instance, the Amygdala, is the place where fear is registered and generated.
Brain Structures: Forebrain
Hypothalamas Maybe most
important structure in the brain.
Controls and regulates Body temperature Sexual Arousal Hunger Thirst Endocrine System
Brain Structures: Forebrain
Hippocampus
Involved in the processing and storage of memories.
Brain Structures: Forebrain
Amygldala
More involved in volatile emotions like anger.
Brain Structures: The Cerebral Cortex
Made up of densely packed neurons we call “gray matter”
Glial Cells: support brain cells.
Wrinkles are called fissures.
If you lay brain out it would be as big as a large Pizza 2000 pizza.
The Cerebral Cortex is made up of four Lobes.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=lobes+on+a+brain&hl=en&safe=active&sa=X&qscrl=1&nord=1&rlz=1T4ADFA_enUS393US394&tbm=isch&prmd=ivns&tbnid=0qxi4Ttyo_YpyM:&imgrefurl=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9549.htm&docid=ESrZP3QshA45NM&w=400&h=320&ei=kNw-TuyMK8ODsgKvz4kF&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=322&vpy=79&dur=2609&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=156&ty=98&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=0&ndsp=9&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&biw=792&bih=528
Frontal Lobe
Abstract thought and emotional control.
Temporal Lobe
Process sound sensed by our ears.
Frontal LobeThe Broca and Wernick
Wernick-Decodes speech
Broca-Commands speech
Parietal Lobe
Contain Sensory Cortex: receives incoming touch sensations from rest of the body.
Occipital Lobe Deals with vision.
Contains Visual Cortex: interprets messages from our eyes into images we can understand.
Hemispheres
Left Right
logic
sequential tasks.
spatial
creative tasks.
Which way is the dancer spinning?
The Corpus Callosum
Connects the 2 hemispheres.
Split Brain Patients
Patients with severe epilepsy will have a procedure done that removes their corpus callosum.
Brain Plasticity The idea that the
brain, when damaged, will attempt to find news ways to reroute messages.
Children’s brains are more plastic than adults.