Accessible Transport System

8/7/2019 Accessible Transport System

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ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORTATIONAND MOBILITY

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S. LING SUEN, Transportation Development Centre, Transport Canada

C.G.B. MITCHELL,Institute of Highways and Transportation, United Kingdom


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Accessible Transportation

the passport to independent living for everyone

Mobility

Having transport services for going where andwhen one wants to travel;

Being informed about the services;

Knowing how to use them;Being able to use them; and

Having the means to pay for them.


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ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORTATION ENCOMPASSES

Public transport services (subway, buses, taxis, paratransit); related

operational procedures, ticketing, and travel information; and the

design of such vehicles, terminals, and stops;

Intercity, regional, national, and international transport by motor

coaches, railway, marine vessels, and aircraft;

Intermodal linkages;

Personal vehicles; and

The pedestrian infrastructure.


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GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Independence and the mobility required for independent living

are rights.

Impairments only become barriers when the environment in

general, and the transportation system in particular, creates

demands that the individualcannot meet.

Mobility achieved by uncomfortable, dangerous, or undignified

means is not acceptable.

Accessibility should be achieved through thoughtful design

and system planning for the whole population.


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NUMBER OF DISABLED POPULATION

AND TYPES OF DISABILITY IN INDIA

Population ercentage (%)

Total population 1,028,610,328 100

Total disabled

population 21,906,769 2.1

Disability rate ( per lakh

population) 2,130 --

Type of Disability

(a) In seeing 10,634,881 1

(b) In speech 1,640,868 0.2(c) In hearing 1,261,722 0.1

(d) In movement 6,105,477 0.6

(e)Mental 2,263,821 0.2

Source : Census ofIndia 2001.


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ANDHRA PRADESH SCENARIO

Projected Population of Hearing Impaired Persons

Projected Population of Hearing Impaired Persons

Projected Population of Speech Impaired Persons

Projected Population ofMentally Retarded Persons

Projected Population of Visually Handicapped

PersonsProjected Population of Locomotor Disabled Persons

Total


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Solution Can be:Solution Can be:

Based on Human Rights,Based on Human Rights,

Nondiscrimination, and CostNondiscrimination, and Cost--Effectiveness which are necessary toEffectiveness which are necessary to

integrate accessible servicesintegrate accessible services


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Common problems ofPwDs in Public and Personal

Transport

Inaccessible foot over-

bridge

Doorsteps of trains

No space for wheelchairs

Height and rush at

ticket counter

Encroaching of footpath by drivers

Uncomfortable seating

arrangement


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CHALLENGES BEFORE THE PWDS IN

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

Rules which promotes disabled friendly traffic

Process ofcommunication, grievance redressal, ticketing,

license approval

Design of vehicle, coach, bus stop, airport, toilets, public

tap

System which recruits special staffkeeping in view needs

of people (like enablers )

Cost of using facilities available at present


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FACTS BEHIND CURRENT SITUATION

Less mobility of disabled people due to apathy oftransport system and commuter

Institutionalization of poor not happened to claim

rights

Social and political support is minisculeSupport organisations are small and sporadic

Cost of accessible structures considered to be high

Slow R&D to minimize cost and experts of subjectare less and partially skilled

International guidelines for inclusive design are

optional, and not legislated in many countries.


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BEST PRACTICES IN THE WORLD

In 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) made accessible

and usable transportation a qualified civil right. The ADA is unique inthat it covers public and private transportation providers and services in

all modes, regardless of funding sources.

In Sweden legislation led to a holistic approach, with provision for

automobile subsidies and accessible urban and intercity transport

services.

Metropolitan legislation has required all new taxis in London to be

wheelchair accessible since 1989. Regulations now apply to all new rail

vehicles, and draft regulations for buses and coaches were published for

consultation in August 1999.

The Canadian Transportation Agency investigates complaints and

conducts compliance reviews with regard to the National Transportation

Act and Codes of Practice established for air, rail, intercity bus,

communication, and related accessibility matters.


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FAMILY APPROACH FOR SERVICES

Mainstream public transport services (road andrail) accessible to people in wheelchairs, ambulant

disabled people, and frail elderly people;

Service routes that use accessible low-floor midi-or minibuses on routes close to housing for elderly

and disabled people, health facilities, shopping,and other common destinations;

Accessible taxi services with user-side subsidies toassist older travellers and those with mobility

limitations; and

Door-to-door services such as dial-a-ride,community buses, and voluntary car services forpassengers who need assistance from house to

vehicle, during travel, or at their destination.

Usefulness ofservices with

increasing

mobility

limitations,

more cost to

operate, andoffer less

opportunity

for

spontaneous

travel


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NEED OF PWDS FORACCESSIBLE PUBLIC

TRANSPORT

Pedestrian Infrastructure (Sidewalks, TrafficSignals, Street Crossings);

A. Barrier free access without steps, slip resistant, thresholds, small

ramps or kerbs with handrails or grab bars with easy grip

B. Tactile warning strips shall be provided at landings and at both the

bottom and top ends of a staircase,

C. Contrasting warm colour tiles can be used to indicate hurdles

D. Where changes in level are unavoidable, the floor and wall surfacesalong the level difference shall be in luminous contrast.

E. Parking spaces reserved for PwD located in proximity, clearly

marked with the international symbol of accessibility and with an

accessible route


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AT TERMINALS, STATIONS, AND STOPS;

Double-action self-closing door with suitable handles anda transparent vision-panel, Emergency Call Button in Lifts

Ticket dispensing machine with tactile strips is installed

properly to allow wheelchair users to approach it

conveniently Provide wheelchair spaces at different levels of the seating

area in order to have a variety of viewing locations.

Safety barrier should be provided to wheelchair spaces

Braille and tactile seat number should be provided at thetop of each seat rest

Built-in wardrobes and shelving in all guest rooms are

accessible and convenient to use.


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TRAVEL INFORMATION

Specially helpful for people with sensory, cognitive, orlinguistic impairments

a. International Accessibility Signs oflarger fonts, more

prominent and well-defined shapes of signs

b. Provision of permanent or temporary control barriers

for queuing should allow space for maneuvering of

wheelchairs

c. Pamphlets in different language, Tactile guide path, Visual

display board

d. Braille and tactile fire exit maps

e. Indication signage for accessible entrances

f. IT facilites at special counters with proper kits

g. Accessible Unisex Toilets and bathrooms


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EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Matching supply to needs-

Instead of supplying fixed route services, Dial-a-ride facilitywith automated dispatch and vehicle location systems which is

funded from multiple sources

Accessible vehicle-

Low-

floor vehicles, purpose-built and modified vans withPwDs as driver, vehicle conversion and adaptive automotive

equipment like (Retro fitted kit)

Accessible infrastructure and information-

Extension, subways, lifts for locomotive disabled, Inductive

loops for hearing impaired and tactile & audible signage systemsfor hearing impaired

Human factor studies-

Problems and requirements for people with cognitive,

developmental, or mental impairments to be clearly defined


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Best practices:Assistance to Persons with

Disability

At Workplace/Market/ Station

In Carriage/Vehicle

At home


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Other adaptations for PwDs

passengers

At entry point of vehicle

To stand comfortably in crowd

Toilets in buildings as well as

Temporary workplace

Signage /pamphlets for

S&H impaired people

Reserved space for PwDs

Safe entrance at public

places


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IMPROVING THE BUS RAPID TRANSIT

Reducing gap between bus and loading platformsvertically and horizontally

Clear information display, keeping vehicle stationary

longer and priority seating

Proper roads, sidewalks or footpaths with adequate

gradients

Better pedestrian crossings are preferable than pedestrian

bridges and crossings

Bridges or tunnels equipped with elevators


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TRANSFORMATIONS REQUIRED

A. Policy Outlook National and state legislation (similar to the American Disability

Act) that provides for accessible services;

Standardized accessibility regulations and codes of practice to

provide uniform accessibility in all modes of transportation;

Reciprocity of services Regionally, Nationally, and Internationally to

achieve complete mobility;

Improved methods for consulting with disabled people;

Improved training of management and front-line personnel on

accessibility issues; and

Increased emphasis on safe and secure travel for elderly and disabled

people.


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TRANSFORMATIONS REQUIREDB. Technology andSystems

Securing and storage of mobility aids (especially scooters) in

vehicles;

Transfer systems in terminals and vehicles;

Design considerations for elderly and disabled people inIntelligent Traffic System developments, including accessible

information;

Accessible private cars for drivers who use wheelchairs;

Accessible personal vehicles for neighbourhood travel;

Accessible water transport; and

Worldwide accessibility standards.


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TRANSFORMATIONS REQUIRED

C.Socioeconomic Studies

Cost-benefit ratios of accessible systems and services,

including analysis of cross-sector benefits and sustainability of

accessible transport;

Better demand forecasting methods;

Needs of transportation of disadvantaged people with

cognitive impairments, multiple disabilities, and mental illness;

and

Increase emphasis on human factors studies which affects

mobility.


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EMERGING ISSUES

Sustainability of Accessible Improvements-

cost of improved accessibility can be resolved bylegislation and the progressive application of

universal design, developing the right mix of

services and creating innovative funding schemes

Suburban and Rural Mobility- ensure access to

fixed-route transit systems and to complementary

paratransit services.

Personal Vehicles- solution for range of

challenges related to vehicle and equipment issues

and to the physiological and cognitive aspects of

driving for PwD and elderly people


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EMERGING ISSUES

Intelligent Transportation Systems- Real-

time information can be provided at bus stops

and stations, in vehicles, and in the home.

Automated vehicles and automated highways

could transform whole transport system.

Research Funding and Dissemination of

Results Building National Research System to

disseminate best practices and facilitatingtechnology transfer is essential to prevent

duplication and to foster universal standards


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THANK YOU

Accessible Transport System

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