Accessibility zWeb should be usable by everyone This includes users with: zVision impairments...
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Transcript of Accessibility zWeb should be usable by everyone This includes users with: zVision impairments...
![Page 1: Accessibility zWeb should be usable by everyone This includes users with: zVision impairments zHearing impairments zMobility impairments.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb25503460f94bb852f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Accessibility
Web should be usable by everyone
This includes users with:Vision impairmentsHearing impairmentsMobility impairments
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Statistics
8 million people with visual impairments
20 million deaf or hard-of hearing250,000 with spinal cord injuries500,000 with cerebral palsy330,000 with MSMore that half US population over 65
has some type of impairment
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Issues involving Vision
Web very visually oriented Significant challengesSeverity ranges from total blindness
to low visionColor blindness Visual Stimuli
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Information Delivery
Information display on traditional monitor not available to users with visual impairments
Two assistive technologies:Screen ReadersRefreshable Braille displays
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Screen readers
Reads text component of web screenIncludes:LinksMenusDialog BoxesError Messages
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Screen Readers
Several vendors offer screen readersPrices range from $300 to $1000Page must be reformatted to support
screen readersHTML “lang” attribute controls
language page will be read in
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Refreshable Braille Display
For people who are deaf as well as blind screen readers do not work.
Translates text of page into BrailleSingle line of Braille textPrices range from $4500 to $14,500
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Grade II Braille
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Refreshable Braille Display
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Reformatting Text
For screen readers to work text of page must be formatted to support linear delivery
Tabular dataLabel for ElementsSkip navigationAlt Tags for images
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Tabular Data
Course Time Day Prerequisite Instructor
211 11:30 pm -1:00 pm MW None McDonald
211 10:30am - 12:00 pm TR None Luecking
212 5:45 pm - 9:00 pm M 211 Carter
212 11:30 pm - 1:00pm TR 211 Chan
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Markup Strategy for Tables<table border="1"> <thead> <tr>
<th id="c1"> Course </th><th id="c2"> Time </th><th id="c3"> Day </th><th id="c4"> Prerequisiste </th><th id="c5"> Instructor </th>
<tr></thead><tbody><tr>
<td headers="c1">211</td><td headers="c2"> 11:30 pm -1:00 pm</td><td headers="c3">MW</td><td headers="c4">None</td><td headers="c5">McDonald</td>
</tr><tr>
<td headers="c1">211</td><td headers="c2"> 10:30am - 12:00 pm</td><td headers="c3">TR</td><td headers="c4">None</td><td headers="c5">Luecking</td>
</tr>
<tr> <td headers="c1">212</td> <td headers="c2">5:45 pm - 9:00 pm</td> <td headers="c3">M</td> <td headers="c4">211</td> <td headers="c5">Carter</td></tr>
<tr> <td headers="c1">212</td> <td headers="c2">11:30 pm - 1:00pm</td> <td headers="c3">TR</td> <td headers="c4">211</td> <td headers="c5">Chan</td></tr></tbody></table>
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Label Elements of Forms
<form action="Billing Info" method="post"><fieldset> <legend class-"TitleLarge"><b>Billing Information</b></legend><p><label for="firstname">First name (required):</label><input id="firstname" type="text" tabindex="1"></p><p><label for="lastname">Last name(required): </label><input id="lastname" type="text" tabindex="2"></p></fieldset>
</form>
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Skip Navigation
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Normal Page
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Alt Tags(None)
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Alt Tags (Descriptive)
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Other Vision Issues
Screen MagnifiersColor Blindness:
8% male population 0.5% Female population Most common red/green
Photo Sensitive Epilepsy
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Color Blindness
This is an Ishihara plate commonly used to check for red/green color blindness
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Color Blindness
This is what a red/green color-blind person might see. Note that the digit (3) is practically invisible.
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Mobility Impairments
Conditions with affect use of keyboard and mouse
Might be difficult, Might be impossible
Predictive typingSpeech recognitionAlternative input technology
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Hearing Impairments
Few more issues:Captioned mediaOpen or Closed captioningAmerican Sign Language
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Web Accessibility Initiative
Promote usability for people with disabilities
Goal of Universal AccessSet of guidelines which address 2
themes: Graceful Translation Make content understandable and
navigable
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Web Accessibility Initiative Guidelines
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Globalization
Web is growing all over worldNumber of Non English speaking
users rapidly increasingUsability issues involve use of
language and cultureThis processes is called globalization
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Global User Population
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Internationalization
Internationalization single design used world wide
Simpler textUnambiguous display of number,
currency, dates, and timesIsolate and remove culturally specific
language
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Localization
Added cultural contextTranslation of web page into local
languageRelevant content
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Text and Translation
Translation: human or automatic?Attention to writing styleExpression of dates, timesExpress currency in local termsLabel units of measurements
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Languages Can Expand Labels
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Page Layout
Unicode for character supportColor issuesIcon issues (including flags)Text Alignment (left vs. right)
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International User Testing
International and local sites need user testing
More involved than traditionalTest success of translationInternational Inspection as
alternativeDifficulties dues to language gap
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Personalization
Strategy for gaining competitive advantage
Added service for a userSpeeds task completion (I-Click)Can require loginCookiesDynamic
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Privacy Concerns
No right to privacy in USPrivacy ContractsRequest of personal information can
cause users to leave siteHighly related to trust
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Trust
Many factors affect trust:ContextPerceived SimilarityStanding in organizationBehaviorCertificationReferences
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Fostering Trust
Help establish credibilitySecurity StatementSafe display of personal informationUse of secure serversConfirmation of all costsConfirmation of shipping address
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Controlling Privacy
No standard for enforcing privacy in place
P3P standard developedEnforces and exposes site’s privacy
policyTools to inform users of compliance
with their selected privacy policy
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Trust (P3P)
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Trust (P3P)
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Privacy Bird
![Page 41: Accessibility zWeb should be usable by everyone This includes users with: zVision impairments zHearing impairments zMobility impairments.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb25503460f94bb852f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Privacy Bird
Shows Embedded Content
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Privacy Bird