A Heuristic Method to Evaluate Web Accessibility for Users ...
Accessibility for Impaired Users
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Transcript of Accessibility for Impaired Users
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Accessibility for Impaired Users
Devin S. Olson
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narcissism – Devin Olson
Developing software for over 25 years (have actually coded using punch cards and used paper tape). Lotus Notes since R3.
Anheuser-Busch Certified Beer Master
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Devin Olson is happily married and lives with his wife & children in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Devin Olson has been developing software since the days of punch cards and paper tape, and began playing with Lotus Notes in 1995. He holds numerous admin, development, and networking certifications. Devin is a home brewer, loves the outdoors, cool cars, and rock & roll.
Devin was born in Salt Lake City, UT, and grew up in Phoenix, AZ. He joined the US Marine Corps while still in High School. After his enlistment, he attended college at Arizona State University.
Devin Olson has worked as a welder, cook, bartender, pipe-fitter, electronics technician, clerk, busboy, bail bondsman, engineer, mason's aid, truck driver, broker, projectionist, stage hand, lighting technician, steel climber, helpdesk technician, mechanic, manager, and software developer,.
Devin has toured through most of the US on a motorcycle. Collects guitars (though he can't play), and has studied Kenpo, Shotokan, and Muay Thai Kickboxing.
For some weird reason that he can't quite figure out, Devin Olson really enjoys writing about himself in third person and seeing his name in bold font. Perhaps he should consider therapy.
asw
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Where I live
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Accessibility for Impaired Users: Inspiration for this Session
Once upon a time…
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How this session came to be
US DOI BLM NTCSection 508? No informationRead a BookLotusphere 2006
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Lotusphere 2012 OGS
Michael J. Fox Dr. Jeffrey Burns
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Agenda
Impaired Users – Who are they?What are the legal, moral, & ethical
issues?What should you consider?Where to Start?Baby Steps: Understand, Convince, Kill,
& alt.
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VisualVisual Partial or Total Vision Loss Degenerative Vision Partial or Total Color Blindness Born Blind or Later Vision Loss
Impaired Users – Who are they?
AuditoryAuditory Partial or Total Deafness Degenerative Hearing Specific Frequency Loss Born Blind or Later Hearing Loss
Motor SkillsMotor Skills Partial or Total Motor Skill Loss Missing, Damaged, Deformed
Appendages Born Impaired, Injured, or
Degenerative Disease
Cognitive and Learning DisabilityCognitive and Learning Disability Cognitive: concentrate, formulate
ideas, reason, remember read (dyslexia), math (dyscalcula),
or write (dysgraphia)
Impairment can span multiple
categories
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World Internet Use: 2001 to 2011
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2001 2011
AfricaAsiaEuropeMid. EastN. AmericaL. AmericaAustralia
361 Million to nearly 2.3 Billion –in 10 years!
*IWS Statistics, December 2011
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Internet % Growth: 2001 to 2011
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AfricaAsiaEuropeMid. EastN. AmericaL. AmericaAustralia
*IWS Statistics, December 2011
Over 500% Worldwide Growth
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Impaired Users - Who are they?- Visually Impaired Users
285 million people worldwide39 million totally blind, 246 million
partially impaired.90% of the world's visually impaired
live in developing countries.
World Health Organization
Fact Sheet #282, October 2011
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Impaired Users - Who are they?- Auditory Impaired Users
In 2004, 275 million people globally had moderate-to-profound hearing loss.
80% of these impaired users live in low- and middle-income countries.
World Health Organization
Fact Sheet #300, February 2012
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Impaired Users - Who are they?- Motor Skill Impaired Users
10 million with ET (Essential Tremor) syndrome.
6.3 million people have Parkinson’s worldwide, 1.2 million in Europe.
33 million with some level of paralytic disability
International Essential Tremor Foundation
European Parkinson’s Disease Association American Academy of Family Physicians
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Impaired Users - Who are they?- Cognitive and Learning Disability
450 million people worldwide suffer from some form of mental disorder or brain condition.
Estimated between 1% and 3% of population have a mild, moderate, or severe and profound learning disability
World Health Organization Study 2001
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Disabled Computer Users by Age
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Percent
15-3435-5455-6465+
Disability Research Information Page; Canadian Council on Social Development(General Social Survey - 2000)
In North American and Europe, 31% of all disabled persons aged 55 and above use the internet on a regular basis.
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Impaired Users - Who are they?
Your friends.Your family.Your co-workers.Your customers.
People you care about.
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Existing Law in Europe
Guidelines, Recommendations, and Declarations
2006 Riga Ministerial Declaration
Not Law
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Existing Law in Ireland
Employment Equality Act 1998: Disability as grounds for Discrimination
Equal Status Act 2004: Defines Required Accommodation for the Disabled
Disability Act 2005: Explicitly Identifies electronic communication and access.
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What is Section 508?
President Clinton signed law August 7, 1998.
Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, 29 U.S.C. requires that all electronic technology developed or provided by any Federal Agency be accessible to people who are disabled.
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Legal disclaimer - I am NOT a lawyer
Text slide of legal or disclaimer information
The following information is the sole OPINION of Devin S. Olson, and does not represent the opinions, beliefs, political motivations, or official policies of either his employer or IBM in any way.
This information is meant to be informative in nature only; it is NOT official legal advice.
Consult with your attorney.
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Section 508: how it applies to you
Section 508 does not apply to State and Local governments.
Section 508 does not apply to companies using federal funds.
Section 508 does not apply to Private Sector.
“I don’t work for the government, this doesn’t apply to me!”
However....
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Section 508 defines a standard for accessibility
Related Legislation: Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Titles 1 and 4
ADA ADA leans heavilyleans heavily upon Section 508 upon Section 508
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Sound of Inevitability
ADA doesdoes apply to State and Local governments.
ADA doesdoes apply to companies using federal funds.
ADA doesdoes apply to Private Sector.
ADA ADA leans heavilyleans heavily upon Section 508 upon Section 508
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Coming to European Union
"I will propose an accessibility act in 2012. I know that I can count on the European Parliament to support this crucial issue."
European Commission Vice-President Viviane Reding, addressing a special meeting of the Disability Intergroup in the European Parliament, 13 JAN 2012
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EU Authority & Predictions
Lisbon Treaty provides legal basis
EC is planning on working with PARTNER nations, not just MEMBER nations.
US ADA 1998 explicitly cited as an example.
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“Letter of the Law” vs. Doing what is RIGHT
Your legal department should provide advice regarding your legal responsibilities.
Impaired Users represent a large pool of untapped potential customers.
Juggling your priorities
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Remember Wheaton’s Rule
Generates good will.
Building an inaccessible application is just plain rude.
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W3C Design Principles
Perceivable. You should ensure that all content can be presented in forms that can be perceived by everyone.
Operable. You should ensure that the interface elements in the content are operable by everyone.
Robust. You should use technologies that maximize the ability of your content to work with current and future web browsers, assistive technologies, and other programs.
Navigable. You should facilitate content orientation and navigation.
Understandable. You should make it as easy as possible for people to understand your content and controls.
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Where to Start?
Understand the TechnologyConvince the BossKill the FlashThe alt attribute
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Baby Step 1 - Understand the Technology
Screen Readers (JAWS from Freedom Scientific).
Refreshable Braille displays. Adaptive & voice browsers. Text only browsers. Browsers made specifically for people with
disabilities (IBM Home Page Reader) IOS – Apple Gets It
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Baby Step 2 - Convince the Boss
Designing for accessibility requires a different point of view from that of most development projects.
Adding support to most existing apps is time consuming work.
Even though Domino is extremely conducive to this; it willwill cost time & money to do right.
“Skunkworks projects” won’t work; to succeed, you must have management buy inmust have management buy in.
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Baby Step 3 - Kill the Flash
Flash navigation looks cool. Flash navigation is very robust. Most Flash navigation is either incredibly frustrating or
absolutely unusable to Impaired users. Frustrated users rarely come back to your site. What to do? Remove the Flash entirely! (Steve Jobs was right) Provide an easily accessible & prominent alternative
navigation method.
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Baby Step 4 - the alt attribute
Defines “alternative text” for an image.Also referred to as the “text-equivalent”.Most browsers ignore it, unless the
image cannot be found.Screen Readers (such as JAWS) read it.You should use it for every image you
include on every page you design.
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Think about the End User
Who, specifically, are the potential users of your application?
Think of PERSONS, not people.What are their needs?What can you do to make your site more
accessible to these PERSONS?
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Dive Into Accessibility
Dive Into Accessibility: 30 days to a more accessible web site
by Mark Pilgrim.
http://diveintoaccessibility.info
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Development Tips Examples
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Development Tips
Use Color Safely Link Decoration Tables, Layouts, Captions, Headers & Summaries Spacer Images and the return of the alt attribute. Font Sizes: Pixels vs. Percents vs. Relative. Real Links vs. JavaScript "Links“ (XPages BAD)
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Development Tips
Adding Keyboard Shortcuts: the accesskey attribute.
Form elements and the label tag. (Xpages GOOD) STOP Opening new windows. Adding a search box to your site. Identify your language. Adding page titles
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Final Point: Designing Help
NONO images, unless absolutely necessary.
NO JavaScriptNO Java AppletsNO (or very minimal) CSS
HELP MUST BE FULLY ACCESSIBLE
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Additional Resources
Building Accessible Websites, Joe Clark ISBN: 073571150X
Designing with Web Standards, Jeffrey Zeldman ISBN: 0735712018
diveintoaccessibility.org Mark Pilgrim's accessibility tips.
webxact.watchfire.com Website Accessibility Testing Tool.
www-306.ibm.com/able IBM Accessibility Center http://www.vischeck.com color blindness simulator
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Additional Resources - continued
www-3.ibm.com/able/solution_offerings/hpr.html IBM Home Page Reader
www.w3.org/WAI W3C WAI Page www.section508.gov Section 508 resource page. www.freedomscientific.com Freedom Scientific
assistive and adaptive technology. Distributor of JAWS screen reader software.
wellstyled.com/tools/colorscheme2/index-en.html Color Scheme Generator
www.afb.org American Foundation for the Blind
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Final Thought
48 percent of persons with disabilities say the Internet has improved their lives, compared to 27 percent of other populations.
- Michigan State University report on Web Accessibility
“The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone, regardless of disability, is an essential aspect.”
Tim Berners-Lee, W3C Director and inventor of the World Wide Web
“There is nothing that you can do on the iPhone or iPad that I can’t do..”
Stevie Wonder