Access to Knowledge; New roles for universities and libraries Leo Waaijers Disciple of Eve eIFL...
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Access to Knowledge; New roles for universities and libraries Leo Waaijers Disciple of Eve eIFL Seminar OPEN ACCESS: EXPLORING SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION June 23-24, 2008 Молдавской Экономической Академии , Chisinau, Moldavia
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Transcript of Access to Knowledge; New roles for universities and libraries Leo Waaijers Disciple of Eve eIFL...
Access to Knowledge; New roles for universities and libraries
Leo WaaijersDisciple of Eve
eIFL Seminar OPEN ACCESS:
EXPLORING SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATIONJune 23-24, 2008
Молдавской Экономической Академии , Chisinau, Moldavia
Eve inaugurating the A2K movement
Research life cycle
in place for- exams- bachelor/master theses- reports- doctoral theses- articles- books- conferences
Quality controloften organized by publishers
Quality control systems
submission(pre-print)
acceptance(post-print)
payment
Dialogue between author and editor
(+reviewers)
cash copyright
rejection
toll-gated journal
(licences)
open access journal
(internet)
Quality control processRe: articles
Publishers
add value byo registrationo organizing quality controlo presentationo branding ----------------------- of journals
distribute publications o limited (toll gated; paper paradigm)o unlimited (open access; internet based)
operate ao monopoly based access fee model o market based publication fee modelo (+ third party contribution: subsidy, ads)
Re: articles
-- of articles
Institutes pay for
open access: subscriptions:
• publication fees (on average €1200 per article;
see price comparison)
• subscription/licence fees
• document supply fees
(per article: €10 via libraries or €20
via publishers)
• copyright clearance fees
(for use in readers, course packs etc)
• contractual costs
(collection policy, licencing, digital
rights management)
Impactology: manager’s belief that journal impact is a measure of journal and author quality.
Impact = over a period of time
# citations = f (article age, # authors, discipline, journal type & size, item type, accessibility, citation syndicates and other games, ornamental citations and … quality) ‘real articles’ = articles, reviews, proceedings, but no news items, letters to editor, editorials. ( -> ‘impact officers’ )period: typically 2 years, but also 4 or 5 years.
Further reading Rossner et al. Show me the data, Journal of Cell Biology, 17 December 2007.
Thomson Scientific Corrects Inaccuracies In Editorial (undated, > Dec. 2007)
The quality construct
# all citations# ‘real articles’
Re: articles
Michael Mabe, then Elsevier’s Director of Academic Relations:
“Extending the use of the journal impact factor from the journal to the authors of papers in the journal is highly suspect; ......[impact factors] are not a direct measure of quality and must be used with considerable care.”
If this was said in the instruction of a product, would you buy it?
Why?
Research managers do.
What, in the stem cell research fraud case,is the name of- the author? - his university? - the journal? - the publisher?
- the reviewers?
Who is responsible?Further reading
Just like Hwang Woo Suk? Another fraudulent paper in Science!
New England Journal of Medicine Wins Peer-Review Court Case
Hwang Woo-SukNational University of SeoulScienceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science, AAASAnonymous
Re: articles
Does it ring a bell?
A multi-coloured field: SHERPA/RoMEOMain colours:- publishers require copyrights allow nothing, never- publishers require copyrights allow open preprints- publishers require copyrights allow open postprints- publishers require copyrights allow open preprints and
postprints- embargo periods and reuse conditions vary greatly- changes or exceptions can often be negotiated by authors - publishers waive copyrights (open access journals)
There are more copyright policies than publishersI n c o m p r e h e n s i b l e t o a u t h o r s !
white
yellowbluegreen
gold
Re: articles
Copyright combat
want their articles1. published in a high impact journal
As high impact is perceived as high quality this is important for research
project financing and personal career.
2. widely circulated and reusedBoth for ethical reasons (public money means open access to society,
colleagues, educators) and personal reasons (more citations).
3. easy to presentIn CV’s, lists, web sites, readers, eduware etc.
4. preserved and kept accessible perpetuallyBeing protected against digital vulnerability
Signing away copyrights to achieve 1 xxx often conflicts with achieving goals 2 and 3. xxx
Re: articles
Author and institutes alike
The main commercial publishers won’t actThey cherish the classical publishing model as their golden goose. However see: Biomedcentral, PLoS, Hindawi, Springer, Rockefeller University Press, DOAJ, ...
Authors did actThey signed massively the PLoS open letter and the EC petition
Research funders and universities are acting
Wellcome Trust, RCUK's, DFG, MPG, CERN, ERC, NIH, Harvard FAS, IRCSET, Harvard Law School, EUROHORCs, U-Helsinki ...
Policy makers are acting
US Senate and Congress, Council of the European Union, OECD, Australian Research Council, EURAB, EUA, Dutch Cabinet, …
Re: articles
Time to act
"A consortium comprising the universities & research funders ...... produces N articles in (sub) discipline Y per annum. They want to tender the reviewing process for these articles under the following conditions:
1. The reviewing process must be independent, rigorous and swift. 2. The reviewing may be anonymous, named or open (to be negotiated). 3. All N articles will pass the reviewing process. 4. As a result of the reviewing the articles are marked 1 to 5. 5. Articles with marks 3 to 5 are accepted for immediate posting in
the institutional repository and for (latent - to be negotiated) open publishing in (e.g.) the national research portal.
What can universities do?
Imagine a call for proposals.
Re: articles
6. Subsequently authors may publish their articles in any journal. 7. In their appraisal procedures for staff and research projects
members of the consortium will weigh articles with marks 3, 4 and 5 as if they were published in journals with impact factors 3, 8 and 15 respectively (figures are nominal and subject to disciplinary calibration).
8. (The national library will take care of the long term curation of the accepted articles.)
Proposals for a three year contract should be sent to ……The allocation
of the contract will be based on the best price-performance ratio."
Re: articles
Imagine a call for proposals.
What can universities do? (cont’d)
Fantasizing
about:- forming a consortium …… role for eIFL? ......
- the position of publishers like BioMed Central, Springer, learned societies, …… will there be a deal at the end of the day?
- an answer to the question
Can the library be a publisher?
At which side of the table the university library will sit: proposal (co-)submitter or (co-)reviewer?
Re: articles
Action points for libraries
1. Make your university sign the Berlin Declaration (or any other manifesto), followed up by an open access policy.
2. Set up an institutional OAI repository (preferably as a distributed national service).
3. Set up national OA community and OA project (common standards, practices and deadlines).
4. Involve (top) scientists via awareness campaigns.5. Support open access journals.6. Make universities tender the review process of
their articles.7. Start today: Andiamo.
