Accelerator Science and Beyond - Oxford University
Transcript of Accelerator Science and Beyond - Oxford University
Accelerator Science and Beyond
Talk to prospective students
1 December 2014
Prof Andrei Seryi
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The fraction of the Nobel prizes in Physics directly
connected to accelerators is about 30%
Accelerators: high energy physics, nuclear physics, healthcare, security,
energy, life science, novel materials, industry, …
All products that are processed, treated, or inspected by particle
beams have a collective annual value of more than $500B
Tens of millions of patients receive accelerator-based diagnoses and
treatment each year in hospitals and clinics around the world
3 Consideration of use
Fun
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Niels Bohr
Thomas Edison
Louis Pasteur
What is JAI
http://www.adams-institute.ac.uk
The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science is a centre of
excellence in the UK for advanced and novel accelerator technology,
created in 2004 to foster accelerator R&D in the universities
JAI is based on 3 universities: University of Oxford and RHUL
initially, with Imperial College joining JAI in 2011
JAI scale: ~25 academic professorial staff, ~15 research staff, ~10
affiliates, ~40 post-grad students, ~6-10 PhD/year in Acc. science
Sir John Adams (24 May 1920 - 3 March 1984) - the 'father' of CERN accelerators.
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within the UK SciTech ecosystem
Daresbury Science & Innovation
Campus
ISIS neutron
source Rutherford Lab & Harwell-Oxford Innovation
campus
Diamond Light
Source
Central Laser Facility
Accelerator Science &Technology
Centre
is part of the world's most highly-regarded
university fostered innovation ecosystem
Research & Enterprise RAL CLF Diamond
ISIS DL ASTeC
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JAI Faculty
George Doucas Brian Foster
Ken Peach Chris Prior Armin
Reichold
Andrei Seryi
Simon Hooker
Bucker Dangor Stewart Boogert Phil Burrows John Cobb
Ted Wilson
Riccardo Bartolini
Pavel Karataev
Roman Walczak Glenn Christian
Emmanuel
Tsesmelis Bleddyn Jones
CE
RN
Stuart Mangles Steve Rose Zulfikar Najmudin Ken Long Ivan Konoplev
Stephen Gibson
Also : JAI Academic and Industrial Affiliates (not shown)
Mike Partridge
Research Facilitator
Steve Myers
Peter Norreys
Michele Warren
JAI research directions
Enabling accelerator techniques for
scientific, medical and
energy applications
Next generation compact light sources
and laser-plasma acceleration FEL
Advanced accelerator instrumentation,
diagnostics and devices
A Centre of Excellence in the UK for advanced and novel accelerator technology, providing
expertise, research, development and training in accelerator techniques, and promoting
advanced accelerator applications in science and society
John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science
Particle physics
Life science
Imaging of molecules
Novel materials
Industry
Cancer therapy
Advanced feedbacks
Novel lasers
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• Far-Infrared Coherent Radiation
– CSR, CDR for beam diagnostics
– Soft-X ray and microwave source based on Thomson scattering of CDR
• Nano-resolution BPM – C, S-band (~100nm resol.)
– Special ~nm resolution
• Coherent Smith-Purcell radiation – Longitudinal diagnostics –extending to fs range
• Laser – wire
• Ultra-fast nanosecond feedback
Smith-Purcell
diagnostics
instrumentation
Laser wire
directions: Advanced Beam Instrumentation
LUXC, jointly with KEK
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• 3rd Gen Light Sources
• Future 4th Gen Light Source design
• ISIS & ESS neutron sources
• Neutrino Factory / m-cooling
• Accelerators for cancer therapy
• Ion sources
• LHC upgrade
• Linear Colliders
• FCC
directions: Enabling Acc. Techniques
→ Compact X-ray light sources based on laser-plasma acceln
→ Aim to develop practical applications
Project developed in collaboration with science centres in UK and worldwide
Rapid progress in beam energy achieved with laser-plasma acceleration shows that the synergy of accelerators, laser and plasma is revolutionizing the field of
accelerator science
1GeV acceleration in just 3cm of plasma W. Leemans, B. Nagler, A. Gonsalves, C. Toth, K. Nakamura, C.
Geddes, E. Esarey, C. B.Schroeder, & S. Hooker, Nature Physics
2006
Simulation of laser-plasma acceleration
directions: Laser-Plasma Acceleration
Laser plasma acceleration Theoretical and experimental investigations
of laser-plasma acceleration
To excite plasma oscillations: instead of a
single extremely high intensity laser pulse,
use a train of lower intensity pulses; works
theoretically, let’s try it experimentally!
If it works - tabletop lasers for plasma
accelerators, rather than national scale
facilities.
Cutting edge research at the forefront of laser
technology and accelerator science at JAI
Talk to: Simon Hooker, Roman Walczak and
Laura Corner
http://www.adams-
institute.ac.uk/research/advanced-acc
http://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/research/laser-
plasma-accelerators Roman Walczak
Laura Corner Simon Hooker 12
Laser Plasma accelerator
Modern synchrotrons (light sources) are big machines (several 100s meters).
Similar electron energies can be reached in a much more compact accelerator using the “wake” created by a laser in a gas jet.
This could be used to build an accelerator compact enough to fit in several tens of meters space but powerful enough to be used as a light source (Free Electron Laser).
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Advanced light sources
Joint efforts of laser-plasma experts with Simon
Hooker's group in Atomic and Laser Physics
(http://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/users/hooker/) & JAI
provide a strong interdisciplinary environment
Simon Hooker
Riccardo Bartolini
Join work of Diamond Light Source
and JAI on conventional and laser-
plasma based light sources
S. M. Hooker, et al, Nature Physics 2, 696 - 699 (2006)
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FONT: Feedback On Nanosecond Timescales •Accelerator R&D for electron-positron Linear Collider
•‘Higgs Factory’
• Selected site
Japan
CERN
Making electron and positron beams hit one another at the Linear Collider
e-
e+
Ground vibrations
cause beams to
miss one another
Measure
beam position
Kick beam back
into collision
Feedback
circuit
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FONT: Feedback On Nanosecond Timescales •Philip Burrows
•Colin Perry
•Glenn Christian
•Ryan Bodenstein
•Current students:
•Neven Blaskovic
•Jack Roberts
•Davide Gamba
•Talitha Bromwich
•Contact:
FONT team at ATF beamline in Japan
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New student will work with the team to:
Design and build feedback
hardware
Install in beamlines at
KEK (Japan) & CERN
Experimental tests
with electron beams
Analyse data 18
Advanced RF generation and EM diagnostics Advanced electromagnetic design for EM radiation generation, beam longitudinal profile
monitors, creation of sci & tech applications Diagnostics of single fs bunches and train of
macro-bunches for HVI, FACET, AWAKE
Intermediate
and strong
compression
Generation of broadband THz
pulses
Contour plot
of electric
field
generated
by fs bunch
Wave form and spectrum of
the signal generated by fs
bunch
Faissal
Bakkali Taheri
Huibo Zhang
George Doucas Ivan Konoplev
Hannah Harrison
MICE & Neutrino Factory Development
To understand Neutrino Flavour Oscillations build a Neutrino Factory
Intense neutrino beams Distant detectors Observe CP violation
To reach the Energy Frontier build a Multi-TeV Muon Collider
Both require ‘cooled’ muon beams ‘MICE’ COOLING DEMONSTRATION
Neutrino
Factory
Muon Collider
John Cobb
Ken Long
Synchrotron – present technology
• Charged Particles like Protons and Light Ions can kill cancer with less damage to healthy tissue than conventional radiotherapy
• Areas of research on the boundary of:
– Accelerator physics: new concepts in accelerator design
– Detector physics: new ways to diagnose, reducing dose
– Bio-medicine: more precise treatment planning
Particle Therapy Cancer Research Inst. & Gray Inst.
http://www.ptcri.ox.ac.uk/
Ken Peach Clair Timlin Mike Partridge
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• The AMULET group – Armin Reichold – John Dale post-doc – Patrick Brockill post-doc – Andrew Lancaster grad stud
• Who we work with – NPL co-ordinate metrology group
• develop absolute distance measurement technology • push the boundary on long distance measurements
– ORC: Nano fibre based saturated absorption spectroscopy – SLAC: LCLS-II undulator development
– CERN: CLIC accelerator and detector alignment
– ETALON AA: commercialise our technology for industrial applications 22
Development & applications of Frequency Scanning
Interferometry
20m measurements at NPL
1 μm
mean = 4.6
nm/m
sigma = 180
nm/m
world record 20m absolute! deep sub-micron drift resolution Highlights
test undulator with FSI interferometers at SLAC
Helmholtz Virtual Institute
Helmholtz Virtual Institute for Plasma Wakefield Acceleration
Simon Hooker
Riccardo Bartolini
Ivan Konoplev
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Proton plasma wakefield
• Plasma Sources: (Imperial)
0.36 Torr: n0 ≈ 1.2×1016 cm-3
n*/n0 ≈ 10-6
1 m
• Z. Najmudin, Peter Norreys,
Phil Burrows (ICL & OX)
Phil Burrows Peter Norreys
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Preliminary parameters (FCC-hh):
CM energy 100 TeV
Circumference 100 km
Dipole field 16 Tesla
Peak Lumi 5E34 cm-2s-1
100 km pp-collider with options of e+-e- and p-e
FCC = Future Circular Collider
Many interesting challenges!
Total E in the beam 8GJ!
Many inventions are needed!
8GJ (= 1 Airbus 380 at 720km/h)
Accelerator science is also attractive because… Accelerator science demonstrates rich history of inventions, often inspired by the nature itself, and more inventions – from you – are needed!
Integrated Helical Solenoid, absorbers
and accelerating resonators
Muon Collider cooling channel
... may have been inspired by the
shape of DNA
• Whether you are more inclined towards theory, or hardware development, or simulations, there are tasks that will interest you
• Knowledge gained and developed has connections and applicable to surprisingly remote disciplines
From stock
market
predictions
to Planetary
motions
Accelerator science is also attractive because…
JAI alumni are in high demand and working in great places
…
AMULET: Armin &
Patrick
For JAI topics, talk to:
Laser-plasma acceleration, compact light sources, HZ VI:
Riccardo Laura & & Simon Roman
LC & Fast Feedback: Phil & Glenn
Advanced RF: Ivan
Muons & n : John
Particle therapy: Mike, Ken & Clair
FCC or any other: Andrei
AWAKE: Peter