Accelerating Youth Violence Prevention and …...Accelerating Youth Violence Prevention and Positive...

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Accelerating Youth Violence Prevention and Positive Development A Call to Action CDC Community Advisory Council – Final Report January 16, 2017

Transcript of Accelerating Youth Violence Prevention and …...Accelerating Youth Violence Prevention and Positive...

AcceleratingYouthViolencePreventionandPositiveDevelopmentACalltoAction

CDCCommunityAdvisoryCouncil–FinalReport

January16,2017

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AStoryofTwoYoungMen

William*grewupinpublichousing,inasingleworkingparenthouseholdwithtwosiblings.Becauseofhisfinancialsituation,hewasoftendeniedsomeofthethingsaffordedtohispeergroupwithindifferentsectionsofhishomecityofWilmington.William’sdesireformaterialthingsandhislackoftheresourcesledhimtoparticipateinpettycrimes,whicheventuallylandedhimintheNewCastleCountyDetentionCenterandtheFerris’SchoolforBoys.Fortunately,uponhisreleasefromthejuvenilejusticesystem,severalindividualsmentoredWilliamandprovidedhimastrongsupportnetwork.Forexample,ahighlyrespectedjudgehelpedhimnavigatehiswaythroughthejuvenileprobationsystem,aCityCouncilmemberhelpedhimfindemployment,apoliceofficerensuredhehadasafeandnurturingenvironmentforrecreationalactivities,andacommunityactivisthelpedfundhiscollegeeducation.Williamcreditsthiscollectiveeffortwithhelpinghimavoidthegunviolencethathasengulfedhiscommunity.Today,heleadsaproductivelife,andheisanassettohiscommunity.Richard*wassimilartoWilliaminmanyways.Bothyoungmenwereintelligent,charismatic,andenjoyedsports,especiallyfootball.Bothofthempossessednaturalathletictalent.UnlikeWilliam,Richardwasnotraisedwithinpublichousing,norwashetheproductofasingleparenthome.Richard’smotherandfatherfreelygavehimthematerialthingsthathadledWilliamtothestreets.Thus,Richardexpressednodesiretopursueillegalmoney.Infact,Richard’sonlyconcernwasgettingintoaprivatehighschool.Oneday,whenRichardwasreturninghomefromfootballpractice,agroupofyoungmenrobbedhim,beathimwithapistol,andforcedhimtostripnaked.Afterthistraumaticandhumiliatingexperience,Richardwasneverthesameenergetic,funloving,teenager.Instead,hebecamewithdrawnandstartedhangingoutwithadifferentcrowd.Richard,alongwiththreeotheryoungmen,wasindictedbyagrandjuryonnumerousfelonyfirearmoffenses.Hewasconvictedandsentencedto54yearsinprison,whereheistoday.Whatseparatesthesetwoyoungmen?InthecaseofWilliam,theriskfactorswereidentifiedandaddressedthroughanarrayofservicesandsupportsystems.Unfortunately,Richardneverreceivedtheservicesheneededtoaddresshisriskfactor(trauma).Richard’sstoryisnotanisolatedincident.CountlessyoungpeopleinWilmingtonarenotbeingidentifiedearlyenoughasneedingservicesnordotheyalwaysreceivetheappropriateserviceswhenidentified.ItistheintentoftheCDCCommunityAdvisoryCouncil’sreport,AcceleratingYouthViolencePreventionandPositiveDevelopment–ACalltoAction,tostimulatedialogueandactioninourcommunitytohelpouryouthavoidviolence;becomeresilient;andhavehope,support,andopportunitiesforapositivefuture.(*Thestoriesarereal.Thenameshavebeenchangedtoensureprivacy.)

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ExecutiveSummary

InNovember2015,theDelawareDepartmentofHealthandSocialServices(DHSS)releasedanepidemiologicalstudyconductedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),whichexaminedyouthfirearmviolenceinthecityofWilmington,Delaware.Asrecommendedbythestudy,theDepartmentconvenedanadvisorycouncilcomposedofkeycommunitystakeholderstoproviderecommendationsonproposedevidence-based,integratedservicestobeprovidedtoyouthwhoareconsideredathighriskofcommittingviolence.TheCouncilincludedrepresentativesfromtheNewCastleCountyschooldistricts;community-basedorganizations;faithcommunities;DelawareDivisionsofPublicHealth,PreventionandBehavioralHealthandYouthRehabilitativeServices;UnitedWayofDelaware;CityofWilmingtonMayor’sOffice;andtheWilmingtonCityCouncil,aswellascommunityadvocates.TheCouncilperformedanextensiveliteraturereviewtobecomefamiliarwiththeevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesinDelawareandelsewherebeingusedtopreventyouthviolenceandpromotepositiveyouthdevelopment.TheCouncilalsoassessedthecurrentarrayofservicesavailabletoyouthlivinginhigh-riskneighborhoodsinWilmingtonthroughbroadengagementofyouth,families,communityorganizations,andotherkeycommunitystakeholders.TheCouncilalsodrewuponitsknowledgeoftheyouthofWilmington.Therearenearly20,000childrenandyouthinthecityofWilmington,andmorethan80%ofthemarereceivingsomeformofpublicassistancefromtheState.Morethan60%ofthemhaveexperiencedasignificanttrauma,accordingtotheNationalSurveyforChildren’sHealth.Consolidatingallofthedataandresearch,theCouncildevelopedrecommendationsonthenetworkofservicesthatcanandshouldbestrengthenedtopreventyouthviolenceandhelpyouthmakegoodchoices,beresilient,andgrowuptobephysicallyandmentallyhealthymembersoftheircommunities.ThefollowingaretheCouncil’ssixrecommendationsforpreventingyouthviolenceandpromotingpositivedevelopment:

1. Fosterviolence-freeenvironmentsandpromotepositiveopportunitiesandconnectionstotrustedadults–Buildthecapacityofschoolsandcommunitycentersthroughtraining,technicalassistance,resources,andserviceintegrationtoengagemoreyouth,especiallyolderyouth,inafterschool,evening,andweekendprogramsusingevidence-basedandpromisingpractices,tomeettheirdiverseneeds.

2. Intervenewithyouthandfamiliesatthefirstsignofrisk–Developamulti-tieredidentificationandreferralsystemtobeaccessedbyfamilies,schools,

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communityorganizations,andhealthcareproviders,aswellasoptionsforself-referraltoconnectyouthtoneededserviceswithcasemanagement/carecoordination;providemoresocialworkandbehavioralhealthsupportsonsiteinschoolsandcommunityorganizations;andfurtherexplorethedevelopmentandimplementationofapredictivetoolfortheearlyidentificationofyouthatriskofcommittingviolentacts.

3. Restoreyouthwhohavegonedownthewrongpath–Increasethelevelof

supportforyouth,especiallythoseages16to24,transitioningbacktotheirhomes,schools,andcommunitiestohelpthemdeveloppersonalpathwaystosuccesswithappropriateservicesandcasemanagement/carecoordinationforaslongasneeded.

4. Protectchildrenandyouthfromviolenceinthecommunity–Increasesupport

foroutreachprogramsthatengagethecommunityincreatingandsustainingacultureandenvironmentsthatpreventviolenceandpromotepositiveyouthdevelopmentsuchastheCureViolenceevidence-basedmodel.Theprogramsshouldseektodeescalateconflictsandreducethelikelihoodofretaliation.

5. Integrateservices

a. Developandpilotamodelfortheintegrationofdirectservicesforchildren,youth,andtheirfamiliesengagingschooldistricts,schools,communityorganizations,hospitalsystems,andkeystateagenciestoimproveoutcomesfortheirpositivedevelopmentandlong-termsuccess,whichwouldincludeestablishingacentralstudentdataandserviceentitywithacommonsystemplatformforstudentdatasharing,serviceinformation,andschool-basedcoordinatorsresponsibleforconnectingstudentstoneededservices.

b. Alignandintegratepolicies,programs,services,clientdatasharing,andresourcesforchildren,youth,andtheirfamiliesatthestatesystemsgovernancelevelthroughthecreationofaStatelevelChildren’sCabinetCouncilundertheleadershipoftheGovernorwithanadvisorygroupofrepresentativesfromlocalgovernment,andthenon-profit,business,andphilanthropiccommunities.

6. Addresspolicyissuesthathaveunintendedadverseconsequencesforyouth-

Researchandmitigatepolicyimpedimentsto:accessibilityofcommunity-basedprogramsforyouth;transitioningofyouthbacktotraditionalpublicandcharterschoolsfromalternativesettingstocompletetheireducationandgraduate;sharingyouthspecificdataamongschools,DSCYF,DHSS,andDOEsoastoimprovetheearlydetectionofproblemsandconnectiontoneededservices;improvingschoolcodesofconductanddisciplinarypoliciestomakethemmoreequitableforyouthofdiversebackgrounds;andtransitioningyouthsuccessfullyfromyouthtoadultmedicalandbehavioralhealthservicestoeliminatethegapsincoverageforneededservices.

Therecommendationscontainedinthisreportarealignedwithandfurthersupportedbytheworkofothercollaborativeeffortsfocusedonimprovingtheeducation,health,andwell-beingofWilmington’schildrenandfamilies,includingtheWilmingtonEducation

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ThinkTank(WESTT),WilmingtonEducationImprovementCommission,andDelawareCenterforHealthInnovationHealthyNeighborhoodsCommittee.Inordertofullyimplementthereport’srecommendations,theCouncilcallsforafinancingplantoimprovetheuseofexistingandproposednewappropriationstoaddressviolenceandcrime.Currently,nearlyallofthesefundsarebeingappliedtothe“after-effects”ofviolenceandcrime.Thechallengeistodevisestrategiestouserelativelymarginalsumsoftheseresourcesandapplythemtosupporttheuseofevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesthatdemonstratepositiveoutcomesrelatedtopreventingyouthviolenceandpromotingpositivedevelopment,andpromotingintegrationamongtheseservicesforsynergisticeffects.Ourcommunityisalreadypayingforthecostsofnegativeoutcomesexperiencedbyouryouthandourcommunities,becausesufficientresourceshavenotbeenstrategicallyinvestedupfrontinthequalityandquantityofprogramsandsupportsystemsthatareaccessibleandwellintegrated.Eachtimeayouthcannotreadongradelevel,orissuspendedorexpelled,dropsoutofschool,standsonacornerbecausehedoesnothaveasafe,caringplacetogo;cannotfindajobtoearnmoneyforhisbasicneeds;getscaughtupinviolence;orgetsarrestedforaviolentact,goesintoa“securecare”placement,completestheprogram,andgetsreleasedonlytoreturntothesamewayoflife,wepaythepriceofmorefailure. ThemembersoftheCouncilbelievethatcitizensoftheStateofDelawaredeserveabetterreturnontheirinvestmentsingovernmenteffortstoaddresscrimeanditsafter-effects.Thereisnobetterplanthantomakeafocusedinvestmentinchildrenandyouthandstrategicallydeploylimitedresourcestoachievepositiveresults.

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................7-15

• TheChallenge...........................................................................................................................................7-8

• TheCreationoftheCouncil................................................................................................................8-9

• OverviewofWilmingtonChildrenandYouth.........................................................................9-11

• LiteratureReview.............................................................................................................................11-13

• GuidingFramework.........................................................................................................................14-15

TheFindings:Evidence-BasedandPromisingPracticeReview..................................16-21

• DataAnalysis.....................................................................................................................................16-19

• CommunityEngagement...............................................................................................................19-21

TheRecommendations………………………………………………………………………………………22-30

• Fosterviolence-freeenvironmentsandpositiveopportunities...................................23-24

• Interveneatthefirstsignofrisk................................................................................................24-25

• Restoreyouthwhohavegonedownthewrongpath..............................................................25

• Protectchildrenandyouthfromviolenceinthecommunity........................................25-26

• IntegrateServices.............................................................................................................................26-27

• Addresspolicyissuesthathaveunintendedadverseconsequences.........................27-28

• IndicatorsofSuccess.......................................................................................................................28-29

• InvestmentStrategy........................................................................................................................29-30

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31-32

• NextSteps……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…31

• Closing–FinalThoughts………………………………………………………………………………..31-32

• Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………………...….33

References…………………………………………………………………………………...…………………….34-35

Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………………………36-51

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Introduction

TheChallengeIn2013,Wilmington,Delaware,experienced127shootingincidentsresultingin154victims.Thisrepresentednearlya45%increaseinthenumberofshootingsovertheprecedingtwoyears.Furthermore,ratesofviolentcrimeinWilmingtonarehigherthaninnearbycitiesofDover,Newark,andPhiladelphia.Indeed,althoughWilmingtonisamoderately-sizedcityofapproximately71,525residents,whencomparedtoalllargecitiesintheUnited

States,itshomiciderateinrecentyearshasbeenreportedtobeashighas4th

overall.Infact,inrecentyears,thegrowthinDelaware’shomiciderate(WilmingtonisthelargestcityinDelaware)hasoutpacedthatofeveryotherstate.-CDCReport-ElevatedRatesofUrbanFirearmViolenceandOpportunitiesforPrevention—Wilmington,DelawareUrbanfirearmviolenceresultsinasubstantialdegreeoffearamongcityresidents,slowingofbusinessgrowth,strainingofcityresources,andsufferingamongvictims’families.However,inspiteofthetremendousimpactsofsuchviolenceonacity,onlyarelativelysmallnumberofindividualsareactuallyresponsibleforcommittingtheseparticularcrimes.Forexample,in2013,Wilmingtonexperiencedareported127shootingincidents.Ifweassumeonepersoncommittedeachshooting,thisequatesto127individualscommittingfirearmviolenceoutofatotalpopulationofabout71,000residents,whichislessthan1outofevery500residents.Becauseonlyarelativelysmallproportionofindividualsareinvolvedinfirearmcrimes,accuratelyfocusingpreventioneffortscouldhaveasignificantimpactonlethalviolenceinurbancitycentersandbeanimportantcomponenttoalargercomprehensiveapproachtoviolenceprevention.-CDCReport-ElevatedRatesofUrbanFirearmViolenceandOpportunitiesforPrevention—Wilmington,Delaware

InDecember2013,realizingthattheissueoffirearmviolenceratesintheCityofWilmington,especiallyamongyouth,wasbecomingacrisissituation,CouncilwomanHanifaShabazzproposedaCityresolution,requestingthattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)assistinaninvestigationofgunviolenceandproviderecommendationsforpreventiveaction.TheDelawareDivisionofPublicHealth,withconcurrencefromSecretaryofHealthandSocialServicesRitaM.LandgrafandGovernorJackMarkell,issuedaformalinvitationtotheCDCtoprovideepidemiologicassistanceandmakeprogrammaticrecommendationsforapublichealthresponse.

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FromJunetoJulyof2014,CDCscientistscametoWilmingtonandcollecteddatafromvariousstateagenciesandinstitutionsinDelaware.InMarchof2015,theyreturnedtoDelawaretopresentthepreliminaryfindingsandinitialrecommendationstotheMayor,CityCouncil,andstateofficials.TheCDCcontinuedstatisticalanalysisandpeerreviewofitsfindings,andinNovember2015,theDelawareDepartmentofHealthandSocialServices(DHSS)releasedthefinalreport,whichlookedatgunviolencefromapublichealthandsocialservicesperspective.Thisperspectiveisalensthatlooksatavarietyofcomplexfactorsthatcouldleadapersontocommitaviolentactandhowwecaninterveneearlybeforeanyoneishurt.(SecretaryLandgraf’spresentationtotheMovementforaCultureofPeace,aforumtodiscusstheCDCreport,onJanuary9,2016.)TheCDCstudiedtheriskprofilesofasampleofyoungmenwhohadcommittedactsofviolence,usingagun.Themajorfindingfromitsstudywasthatthesemenhadadverseexperiencesintheirlivesbeforetheywereengagedinviolence,e.g.,didnothaveastablefamilyenvironment,mayhavehadproblemsinschool,hadbeenavictimofviolenceortraumaticevent,and/orhadbeenengagedinsomecriminalactivity.Aftercarefulconsiderationofitsfindings,theCDCmadethreerecommendationstotheStatetoaddressyouthviolenceprevention:1. Reachagreementondatasharingwith

relevantorganizations.2. Connectdatasystemstoidentifypotential

recipientsoftargetedservices.3. EstablishaCommunityAdvisoryCouncilto

supportthedevelopmentofhighlyintegratedandcoordinatedcustomizedservicesforhigh-riskpopulations.

TheCreationoftheCommunityAdvisoryCouncilDHSScreatedtheCDCCommunityAdvisoryCouncil(referredtohereinastheCouncil)inFebruary2016toproviderecommendationsontheproposedevidence-based,integratedservicestobeprovidedtohigh-riskyouthinconjunctionwithriskassessmenttools.Specifically,theCouncilwasaskedtolearnabouttheCDCreportfindingsandrecommendations,shareinformationonevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesinservicesforhighriskyouthandoncommunityassets,andtoengageserviceprovidersandcommunitystakeholdersintheprocessofformulatingitsrecommendationstohelpyouthgetbackontrackandbesuccessful.TheCouncilincludes38representativesfromtheschooldistricts;community-basedorganizations;faithcommunity;CeaseViolenceProgram;DelawareDivisionsofPublicHealth,PreventionandBehavioralHealthandYouthRehabilitativeServices;UnitedWayof

Aftercarefulconsiderationofitsfindings,theCDCmadethreerecommendationstotheStatetoworktowardyouthviolenceprevention:1. Reachagreementondatasharingwith

relevantorganizations.

2. Connectdatasystemstoidentifypotentialrecipientsoftargetedservices.

3. EstablishaCommunityAdvisoryCounciltosupportthedevelopmentofhighlyintegratedandcoordinatedcustomizedservicesforhigh-riskpopulations.

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Delaware;CityofWilmingtonMayor’sOffice;andtheWilmingtonCityCouncil;aswellascommunityadvocates.(RefertoAppendixAforacompletelistingoftheCouncilmembers.)Earlyon,theCouncildecidedtofocusitsefforts“upstream”fromthepopulationincludedintheCDC’sstudyinordertointerveneearlierwithyouthtointerruptthecycleofviolencebeforetheseyouthfallintodeepercrisis.Accordingly,theCouncildecidedtofocusitsworkusingapublichealthapproachonthepopulationofchildrenandyouthages4to18livinginthehighestneedneighborhoodsofWilmington.Inthecourseofitswork,theCouncilassessedthecurrentarrayofservicesavailabletoallyouthlivinginhighest-riskneighborhoodsandthoseassessedtobeatmoderateandhighrisk.Theystudiedhowthatnetworkofservicesavailablecouldbestrengthenedtoempoweryouthtomakegoodchoices,beresilient,andgrowuptobehealthymembersofthecommunity.Next,theCouncildevelopedstrategiesforstrengtheningandintegratingtheexistingservicesandaddressingthegapsinservicesthatmayexistattheindividualyouthandpolicysystemslevels.Finally,theCouncilexaminedgovernmentalpoliciesandpracticesthatpreventandorcontributetoaccessbarriers,servicegaps,inequitableresourcesandopportunitiestointegrateandmoreefficientlyre-distributeresourcestopreventyouthviolence.Tolaunchitswork,theCouncilusedthe“KotterModel”ofacceleratingchangeinorganizationsandsystemstoframetheopportunity.

Recommendingholisticapproachestobuildourchildrenupthroughintegratingeffective,culturallyappropriatecommunityandstateservicesbasedontheevidence-basedorbestpracticessothatyouthareabletoeasilyaccessservicesandreceiveadequatesupporttoaddresstheirneedsattheearliestpossibletimebeforetheygointocrisistopreventgunviolence.-AcceleratingChange,JohnKotter

Iftherecommendationsareimplemented,theCouncilenvisionsthatWilmingtonyouthatriskofgoingintodeepercrisisandcommittinggunandotherseriousviolenceareengagedinserviceswithsufficientsupport,basedonthepromisingpracticestoaddresstheirneedstogrowuphealthyandbeproductivemembersofthecommunity.OverviewofWilmingtonChildrenandYouthItiswellknownthatchildrenandyouthconstitutethe“lifeblood”ofacommunity.Itisuptofamiliesandthecommunitytoensurethatthebasicneedsofthechildrenandyoutharemet.Theycollectivelymusthelptheirchildrenandyouthtogrowupinsafe,healthyplaceswiththeeducational,emotional,social,economic,andhealthsupports,andotherprotectivefactorstheyneedtobecomeproductivemembersoftheircommunity.Whenfamiliesandcommunitiesarenotabletodeliverontheseexpectations,childrenandyouthstarttoexperienceadverseeventsandfallvictimtotheriskfactorsthatsurroundthem.

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Recognizingthatcircumstancesmayinhibitafamily’sabilitytomeettheneedsofitschildren,theDelawareGeneralAssemblyhasacknowledgedarolefortheState,towit:

§9001IntentandPurpose(FromTitle29,Chapter90).TheGeneralAssemblyfindsanddeclaresthatparentshavetheprimaryresponsibilityformeetingtheneedsoftheirchildrenandtheStatehasanobligationtohelpthemdischargethisresponsibilityortoassumethisresponsibilitywhenparentsareunabletodoso;whiletheStatehasabasicobligationtopromotefamilystabilityandpreservethefamilyasaunit,andprotectandsafeguardthewell-beingofchildrenthroughtheprovisionofacomprehensiveprogramofsocialservicesandfacilitiesforchildrenandtheirfamilieswhorequirecare,guidance,control,protection,treatment,rehabilitationorconfinement.

TheCouncilstarteditsinformationgatheringbyexaminingtheprofilesofyouthlivingintheCityofWilmington.Thecityhasatotalpopulationof72,638(updatedbytheDelawarePopulationConsortiumfor2016),manyofwhomliveinhigh-needneighborhoodsonWilmington’sWestSide,EastSideandNorthSide,i.e.,zipcodes19801,19802,and19805.Thesezipcodesweretargetedbecausetheyhavethehighestincidenceofviolence,especiallythoseinvolvingtheuseofagun.Accordingtothe2015DelawareHouseholdHealthSurveyconductedbytheDelawarePublicHealthInstitute,threeinfive(61percent)ofadultslivinginthecenteroftheCityofWilmingtonreportedwitnessingviolenceintheircommunityonmorethanoneoccasion/manytimes.Ofthetotalcitypopulation,19,686arechildrenandyouth(updatedbytheDelawarePopulationConsortiumfor2016),86%arereceivingsomeformofpublicassistancefromtheState,withmanylivinginfamiliesinwhichthecaregiverisunemployedorunderemployedandnotabletoearnalivingwagetosupporttheirfamilies.Withinthispopulation,morethan1,500or7.3%arereceivingservicesfromtheState’sDepartmentofServicesforChildren,YouthandTheirFamilies(DSCYF).OfthepopulationreceivingservicesfromDSCYF,62.6%areengagedwiththeDivisionofFamilyServicesinwhichtherehasbeenasubstantiatedreportofabuseorneglect;16.2%areinvolvedwiththeDivisionofYouthRehabilitativeServices,thejuvenilejusticedivision;12.3%arereceivingservicesfromtheDivisionofPreventionandBehavioralHealth,and8.4%arereceivingservicesfromtwoormoreofthedivisions.

Ofthetotalcitypopulation,19,686arechildrenandyouth,86%arereceivingsomeformofpublic

assistancefromtheState,withmanylivinginfamiliesinwhichthecaregiveris

unemployedorunderemployedandnotabletoearnalivingwagetosupporttheirfamilies.

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Thecity’schildrenandyouthattendschoolsgovernedbyfivetraditionalschooldistrictsand17charterschooldistricts.During2015,378youthwereadjudicateddelinquentandorderedtoreceiveservicesbasedontheleveloftheirrisk,determinedbyanassessment.Duringthissameperiod,manyyouthweresuspendedorexpelledandrequiredtoattendanalternativeschoolforaperiodoftime.In2014,16%ofyouthdroppedoutofschool(WilmingtonEducationImprovementCommission).AccordingtotheNationalSurveyforChildren’sHealth,morethan60%ofWilmingtonchildrenhaveexperiencedsomeformoftraumaintheirlives,with27.5%havingtwoormoreadverseexperiences,comparedtotheDelawareaverageof22.8%.WhenthedatafromtheChristianaCareHealthSystememergencydepartmentfor2015isexamined,23youth,or6%ofthetotalpopulationserved,cametoreceivemedicalassistanceduetobeingavictimofaviolentact,i.e.,gunshotwound,stabwound,orassault.Thepicturethatthesedatapresentisthatwehaveapopulationofyouthwhoareinseriouscrisisandneedhelptogetbackontrack.Theyneedoursupporttoovercometheriskfactorsintheirlivesandtodeveloptheassetsneededtoberesilientandgrowuphealthy.LiteratureReviewPartofthechargeoftheCouncilwastobecomefamiliarwiththeevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesinDelawareandelsewherebeingusedtopreventyouthviolenceandpromotepositiveyouthdevelopment.ThatreviewdrewextensivelyfromtheresourcesoftheCDC;theAnnieE.CaseyFoundation;USDHHSChildren’sBureauChildWelfareGateway;thePreventionCenter’sUNITYinitiative,IncreaseThrivingYouthThroughViolencePrevention;andtheCenterforSubstanceAbusePrevention/NationalPreventionNetwork.TheCDCNationalCenterforInjuryPreventionandControl,DivisionofViolencePrevention,createdtheStrivingtoReduceYouthViolenceEverywhere(STRYVE)initiativetohelpbuildthecapacityofcommunitiestopreventyouthviolenceandpromotepositivedevelopmentbyworkingthroughlocalpublichealthdepartmentsinselectedcities.Aspartofthatinitiative,itcreatedtheSTRYVEStrategiesSelectorTooltoidentifywhatisknownaboutprovenstrategiesthatworkinpreventingviolenceandimprovingoutcomesforyouthandwhatishappeningwithincommunities.TheSTRVYEOnlinedatabaseincludesanextensivecollectionofresourcematerialsonevidence-basedandpromisingpracticestoaidcommunitiesindevelopinglocalplanstopreventviolenceandpromotepositivedevelopmentamongyouth.Inarelatedinitiative,theAnnieE.CaseyFoundationhassponsoredaninitiativetohelpselectedcommunitiesandstatestorestructuretheirdeliveryofservicesforchildrenandyouthtoreinvestthoseresourcesinevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesprovento

Thepicturethatthesedatapresentisthatwehavea

populationofyouthwhoareinseriouscrisisandneedhelptogetbackontrack.Theyneedoursupporttoovercometheriskfactorsintheirlivesandtodeveloptheassetsneededtoberesilient

andgrowuphealthy.

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improveoutcomesforchildrenandyouth.AspartoftheEvidence2Successinitiative,theysupportedtheuseofBlueprintsforHealthyYouthDevelopment,anevidence-basedandpromisingpracticedatabase,throughtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulder.ThethirdmajorresourceinthisreviewwasthePreventionCenter’sUNITYinitiative.Thisinitiativeisdedicatedtohelpingcommunitiestodevelopandsustaineffortstopreventyouthviolencebeforeitoccurs,includingthoseinvolvedwiththeCDC’sSTRYVEinitiative.Toestablishastrongfoundationformakingrecommendationsgroundedinevidence-basedandpromisingpractices,theCouncilalsoreviewedthefollowing(SeeAppendixBformoreinformation):

1. PreventingYouthViolence,awebinarproducedbytheCDCNationalCenterforInjuryPreventionandControlaspartoftheirGrandRoundsSeries.Thiswebinarpresentsanoverviewofevidence-basedapproachesandpartnershipsthatareneededtopreventyouthviolenceanditsconsequences.

2. PreventingYouthViolence:OpportunitiesforAction,amanualdevelopedbytheCDCNationalCenterforInjuryPreventionandControl,DivisionofViolencePrevention,tohelpcommunitiesdevelopactionplansforpreventingyouthviolence,includingthosedrawnonthebestpracticesthathavebeenshowntoworkincommunitiesacrossthecountry.Itofferedanumberofsuggestionsforactionsthatindividualsandcommunitiescouldtaketopreventyouthviolenceandpromotepositivedevelopment.

3. Minneapolis,MinnesotaBlueprintforActiontoPreventYouthViolence,aplandevelopedin2012-13bytheMinneapolisHealthDepartmentincollaborationwithanetworkofcommunityandgovernmentagencies,aimedatpreventingyouthviolenceintheircity.Updatedfromtheirfirstplanin2008,thisplanwasbasedontheframeworkdevelopedbytheNationalForumonPreventionofYouthViolencethroughthefederalOfficeofJuvenileJusticeandDelinquencyPrevention(OJJDP).Theforumisanetworkofcitiesandfederalagenciesthatworktogether,shareinformation,andbuildlocalcapacity.TheNationalForum’sstrategicplanningprocessprovidedtheframeworkforengagingcommunitypartners,collectingandsharingrelevantdataandinformation,andrevisingtheBlueprint.AscitedinthereferencestotheCDCReport,theplancallsforbetteralignment,integration,andutilizationofexistingservicesandprogramsandsomeadditionalservicestoaddressgapsidentifiedintheexistingcontinuum.

4. PromotingProtectiveFactorsforIn-RiskFamiliesandYouth:AGuideforPractitioners–Asummaryoftheprotectivefactorswithstrongevidenceforpromotingpositivedevelopmentinhigh-riskchildrenandyouth.

5. PreventionWorks!PreventionHandbook-AguidepreparedbytheCenterforSubstanceAbusePrevention/NationalPreventionNetworktohelppreventionserviceproviderstounderstandtheprinciplesofpreventionprogrammingand

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resourcesthatareavailabletosupportthemintheirefforts.Itisanexcellentreferenceonthelevelsofpreventionandinterventionservicestargetedtothelevelofrisksexperiencedbytheyouth.

6. BestPracticesinWraparound–Asummaryofrecommendationsforintegratingservicesforchildrenwithhighriskandneedsbasedonresearchofwhatiseffectivethathasbeenconductedoverseveralyears.

7. Patient-andFamily-CenteredCareCoordination:AFrameworkforIntegratingCareforChildrenandYouthAcrossMultipleSystems-AnarticlepublishedbytheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsthatdescribesthedimensionsofcarecoordinationthatareimportanttoimprovingpatientoutcomes.

8. ExploringtheMeso-System:TheRolesofCommunity,Family,andPeersin

AdolescentDelinquencyandPositiveYouthDevelopment-AnarticlerecentlypublishedinYouthandSociety,2016,Vol.48(3)318–343,thatexploresthepositiverolethatcommunityassets,especiallylinkagestoinstitutionalresourcesandcaringpeople,canplayinpromotingpositiveyouthdevelopmentandresiliency.

9. CommunityEngagementMattersMoreThanEver-Anarticlepublishedbythe

StanfordSocialInnovationReviewthatdescribeshowdataandevidence-basedpracticescanhelpcommunityleaderstobemoreeffectivelyandauthenticallyengagementcommunitystakeholdersincollectiveeffortstoaffectsocialchange.

10. EssentialsforChildhood:StepstoCreateSafe,Stable,NurturingRelationshipsandEnvironments-AguidecreatedbytheCDCNationalCenterforInjuryPreventionandControl,intendedtopromotepositivedevelopmentofchildrenandfamiliesandpreventchildabuse.

11. ConnectingtheDots:AnOverviewoftheLinksAmongMultipleFormsofViolence–AdocumentpublishedbytheCDCandthePreventionInstitute,toshareresearchontheconnectionsamongdifferentformsofviolencecategorizedbyriskandprotectivefactors,whichdescribeshowtheseconnectionsimpactthecommunity.

12. AdverseCommunityExperiencesandResilience-Aframeworkforaddressing

andpreventingcommunitytrauma,developedbythePreventionInstitute’sUNITYinitiative.

13. StrategicFinancingToolkitforTested,EffectivePrograms–AtoolkitpublishedbytheAnnieE.CaseyFoundationtohelpstatesandlocalcommunitiestoplanandimplementstrategiesforinvestinginevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesinprogramsthatleadtopositiveoutcomesforchildrenandfamilies.

GuidingFramework

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Throughoutthedeliberations,theCouncilestablishedacoresetofprinciplestoguidethedevelopmentofitsrecommendations.Thosecoreprinciplesarearticulatedasfollows:

• PublicHealthModel–usedthisapproachtodefinetheproblemtobeaddressed,researchedtherootcauses,determinedtheprogramsandpoliciesthatwork,i.e.,evidence-basedorpromisingpractices,anddevelopedsolutionstorecommend(CDC)

• SocialEcologicalModelofChange–consideredthemultiplelevelsofthesocialecologyfromtheindividualtofamilyandfriends,schoolsandcommunityorganizations,thecommunityasawhole,andpublicpoliciesthatmustbeinfluencedinordertomakesustainablechangewithindividuals,organizations,andcommunities(TheEcologyofHumanDevelopment,UrieBronfenbrenner)

• SocialDeterminantsofHealth–addressedthefactorsthatmustbeinfluencedto

createsocialandphysicalenvironmentsthatpromotegoodhealthandwell-being(HealthyPeople2020)

• RiskandProtectiveFactors–identifiedtheprotectivefactorsthatservetobuffer

orprovideprotectionfromaproblemthatarisesandfosterresiliency,suchasclosepersonalrelationships,awarenessoftheexistenceofpositivesocialstructure,andfeelingsofsafety;andexaminedtheriskfactorsthatincreasethelikelihoodthataproblemwilldevelop,suchaslivinginhigh-needneighborhoods;nothavingaccesstoemploymentandsafe,stablehousing;andexperiencingtraumaticevents(ChildWelfareInformationGateway)

• DevelopmentalAssetsModel–identifiedtheexistenceofpositiveassetsthathelp

youthtodeveloporexperienceprotectivefactors(SearchInstitute)

• ModelforLevelofPreventionServices–usedthreecategoriesbasedonlevelsofrisk,i.e.universal,selected,andindicated,todefinetheintensityofservicestobeprovidedtoyouthtoreduceviolenceandpromotepositivedevelopment(PreventionWorks!,SAMHSANationalCenterforSubstanceAbuse)

o “Universal”-describesservicesprovidedtoyouthlivinginhigh-needsneighborhoods

o “Selected”-describesservicesprovidedtoyouthattheearliestindicationofadetectableproblem,e.g.,thoseyouthwhomayhavehadadversechildhoodexperiencesandthosewhomaybeactivewiththeDSCYF,butareunlikelytogodeeperintothe“servicesystem”duetotheirhavingsomeprotectivefactorstokeepthemonapositivetrack

o “Indicated”-describesservicesprovidedtoyouthwhoareathighriskbasedondetectableproblems,e.g.,thoseyouthactivewithDSCYF,havecommittedmoreseriousoffenses,andarelikelytogodeeperintothejuvenilejusticesystemintheabsenceofadequateprotectivefactors

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• Evidence-basedandPromisingPractices–identifiedtheapproachesandpracticesthathavebeenproventhroughevaluationresearchtobeeffectiveinpreventingyouthviolenceandpromotingpositivedevelopment(CDCReport,CDCSTRYVEOnlineDatabase,BluePrintsforHealthyCommunitiesDatabase)

o Universalschoolandcommunitybasedviolenceprevention,suchasCompassionateSchools,behavioralhealthconsultantsinschools,CommunitySchools,IM40DevelopmentalAssetsProgram

o Parentingskillsandfamilyrelationshipapproaches,suchasStrengtheningFamilies,PeerCoaches,andCommunityConnectors

o Intensiveyouthandfamily-focusedapproaches,suchasMulti-systemicTherapy,FunctionalFamilyTherapy,andTrauma-focusedCognitiveBehavioralTherapy

o Policy,environmental,andstructuralapproaches,suchasincreasingaccesstoqualityafter-schoolprogramming

o Streetoutreachandcommunitymobilization,suchastheCureViolenceProgram

• PopulationandPerformanceAccountabilityModel–usedamodelofpopulationandperformanceaccountabilitytoframehowstakeholdershaveasharedresponsibilityforworkingtogethertoachievepopulationlevelresultstopreventyouthviolenceandpromotepositivedevelopmentandhowserviceprovidershavearesponsibilityforofferingprogramsandserviceswithfidelitybasedonthebestevidenceorpromisingpractices,i.e.qualityofeffort;thatdemonstratehowyoutharebetteroffforhavingcompletedthoseservicesorprograms,i.e.,qualityofeffect(TryingHardIsNotGoodEnough,MarkFriedman)

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Evidence-BasedandPromisingPracticeReviewFindingsAnimportantpartoftheCouncil’sworkwastolearnfromtheorganizationsthatareprovidingservicesandoperatingprogramsengagingyouthintheCityofWilmington.(RefertoAppendixCforamapofprogramsandservices.)Tothatend,duringtheperiodofJunetoSeptember2016,theCouncilcollecteddatafromcommunitystakeholderstodeterminewhatisworkingwellinpromotingpositiveyouthdevelopmentandpreventingyouthviolence,includingevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesthatarecurrentlybeingused;whatarethegaps;andhowcouldcommunityandstateservicesforyouthbebetterintegrated.Ofspecialinterestwasthelevelofriskoftheyouthtowhomtheprogramsaretargeted;i.e.,“Universal”forallyouth,“Selected”foryouthatmoderaterisk,and“Indicated”foryouthathighrisk.Forthepurposesofthiswork,youthtargetedfor“Universal”servicesareconsideredtobeatriskbyvirtueoftheirlivinginhighneedsneighborhoods.Youthat“moderate”risktargetedfor“Selected”servicesarethoseyouthwhomayhavehadadversechildhoodexperiencesand/ormaybeactivewiththeDepartmentofServicesforChildren,Youth,andtheirFamilies(DSCYF),butareunlikelytogodeeperintotheservicesystemduetotheirhavingsomeprotectivefactorstokeepthemonapositivetrack.Thoseyouthat“high”risktargetedfor“Indicated”servicesarethoseyouthwhoareactivewithDSCYF,havecommittedmoreseriousoffenses,andarelikelytogodeeperintothejuvenilejusticesystemintheabsenceofadequateprotectivefactors.Thesedefinitionswereusedasproxiesfordefiningthecriteriathatcouldbeincludedinpredictivetoolsforidentifyinghigh-riskyouthforpreventionandearlyinterventionservicesasrecommendedbytheCDCinitsreport.Aspartofthisdatacollection,theCouncilsurveyed79programsoperatedbystateandcommunityorganizationsinthecityandheldlisteningsessionswithstateandcommunityorganizations,parents,youth,andyouth-servingprofessionals.Fifty-six(56)programsresponded,providinginformationonthepurpose(s)oftheirprogram(s),targetpopulation(s),levelofintervention,useofevidence-basedpractices,andevaluationsconducted.DataAnalysisandFindingsOverviewBasedonself-reporting,ofthe56respondents,34%oftheprogramswerecategorizedasbeing“Universal”orforallyouth,30%as“Selected”foryouthatmoderaterisk,and30%as“Indicated”foryouthathighrisk.Intermsofage,86%oftheprogramswereaimedatmiddleschooland86%athighschoolagedyouth,while38%wereaimedatelementary

Aspartofthisdatacollection,theCouncilsurveyed79programsoperatedbystateandcommunityorganizationsintheCityandheldlisteningsessionswithstateand

communityorganizations,parents,youth,andyouth-serving

professionals.

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school-agedchildren.(Someprogramsservedmorethanoneagegroup.)Morethanhalfor57%usedsomeevidence-basedorpromisingpracticeastheframeworkfortheirprogram.Intermsoftheprogrammaticfocifortheirprogram,38%identifiedyouthviolencepreventionasaleadingfocus.Otherfociincludededucation(43%),substanceabuseprevention(38%),mentalhealth(38%),suicideprevention(21%)andemployment(21%).Slightlymorethanhalfoftherespondentsindicatedthattheydidsomelevelofevaluationontheirprograms.Only8%indicatedthattheyhadawaitinglistfortheirprograms.UniversalServicesforYouthLivinginHigh-NeedsNeighborhoodsThenextlevelofanalysisfocusedonprogramsinwhichtherespondentsindicatedthattheprogramswereopentoallyouthwhowereinterestedinparticipating.(Aspreviouslystated,34%oftheprogramsincludedinthereviewwerecategorizedasproviding“Universal”services.)Theseprogramswerereviewedtodeterminethosethataimedatservingyouthandtheirfamilies,weregroundedinevidence-basedorpromisingpractices,demonstratingqualityofeffort,especiallythosetargetingviolenceprevention.(PleaserefertoAppendixDforthechartofviolencepreventionprogramsforyouthlivinginhigh-needneighborhoods.)Theanalysisoftheseprogramsrevealedthefollowing:

• Whenoneconsidersthetotalnumberofyouthservedbytheseprograms(approximately5,800youthduplicatedcount),theyareservingabout32%ofthepopulationofchildren/youthages5to17years,livinginhigh-needsneighborhoodsofthecity.(QuantityofEffort)

• Itappearsthattherearenotenoughevidence-basedprogramsinhigh-needsneighborhoodstoengagealloftheyouthwhoneedthatsupport.Thesurveyindicatedtherearemoreprogramsservingyouth,buttheydonotappeartobegroundedinthebestevidence.

• Theredoesnotappeartobeanysignificantsystematicintegrationofservicesamongtheprovidersofthoseservices.

SelectedandIndicatedServicesforModerate-toHigh-RiskYouthTheanalysisoftheprogramdatarevealedthat30%oftheprogramswerecategorizedbytherespondentsastargetedtoyouthatmoderaterisk,i.e.“Selected”services,and30%wereforyouthathighrisk,i.e.,“Indicated”services.Thisprogramdatawerefurtherreviewedtodeterminewhichoftheseprogramsshouldbestudiedingreaterdetail.Thecriteriausedincludedthefollowing:

• MustserveyouthintheCityofWilmington• Mustbefocusedonservingyouthatmoderate(SelectedService)orhighrisk

(IndicatedService)

Whenoneconsidersthetotalnumberofyouth

servedbytheseprograms(approximately5,800youthduplicatedcount),theyareservingabout32%ofthe

populationofchildren/youthages5to17years,livinginhigh-needsneighborhoodsofthecity.

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• Mustindicatethatoneoftheprogram’smainpurposesistopreventyouthviolence• Mustbegroundedinevidence-basedorpromisingpractices• Musthavesomeformofevaluation

Basedonthosecriteria,11programswereselectedforfurtherstudy.TheorganizationsthatoperatethoseprogramswereinvitedtomeetingswithCouncilmemberstoshareinformationabouttheefforttodelivertheirprogramsandeffectthattheirprogramshaveontheyouthwhocompletethem.Ofthe11,thefollowingeightprogramswereabletoparticipate:

• CeaseViolenceWilmington• ChildrenandFamiliesFirst–FunctionalFamilyTherapy• ChristianaCare-AllianceforAdolescentPregnancyPrevention• ChristinaCulturalArtsCenter-HeartUndertheHoodieYouthViolencePrevention

Program• YMCA-BackonTrack• VisionQuest• WraparoundDelaware• YouthAdvocateProgram

(Note:ThedataincludedintheexaminationfromtheYouthEmpowermentProgram,Duffy’sHope,andSWAGGwerecollectedseparately.)Thedataanalysisoftheeffortandeffectoftheseprogramsissummarizedinthechartsonviolencepreventionprogramsformoderate-andhigh-riskyouth.(PleaserefertoAppendixEforthechartsofviolencepreventionprogramsformoderate-andhigh-riskyouth.)Thefindingsfromtheanalysisinclude:

• Theprogramsaredemonstratingqualityofeffortinthattheyareusingevidence-basedpracticesandqualityofeffectintermsofthemeasurableoutcomes

• Manyoftheprogramsforhigh-riskyoutharelimitedtothoseinlevel4careoftheStateDivisionofYouthRehabilitativeServices.

• Thereappearstobeaneedformoreon-goingsupportforyouthtransitioningfromlevel4servicestothecommunitytoensuretheydonotrecidivate.

• Giventhatthereareapproximately17,686childrenandyouthatmoderaterisklivinginthecity,theredoesnotappeartobeasufficientquantityofservicesaccessibletomoderate-riskyouthgroundedinthebestevidencetohelpthemachievepositiveoutcomesandpreventthemfromengaginginactsofviolence.

• Theservicesthatexistdonotappeartobewellintegratedorworkingtogetherina

Manyoftheprogramsforhigh-riskyoutharelimitedtothoseinlevel4careofthe

StateDivisionofYouthRehabilitativeServices.

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seamlessmanner,andhencetheneedformoreindividualizedsupportsthroughcasemanagementformoderate-riskyouth.

CommunityEngagementListeningSessionswithCommunityStakeholdersandFindingsDuringthecourseoftheCouncil’smeetings,focusgroups,listeningsessions,andsubcommitteehearings,severalthemesemerged,aswellasstrengthsandgapsinpreventionservices.TheCouncilwasaskedtoengagecommunitymembers,keystakeholders,andserviceprovidersaroundstrategiestostrengthenpreventionservices.TheCDC’sCommunityAdvisoryCouncil,withtheoperativewordsbeingCommunityAdvisory,recognizedandacknowledgedthatchangecannotandwillnotoccurwithoutthecommunity’sinputandsupport;therefore,itistheresponsibilityoftheCounciltoensurethatthecommunity’svoiceformsthefoundationofanyandallrecommendations.ThefollowingsummaryreflectsthethoughtsandconcernsasexpressedbycommunitymembersandkeystakeholdersonthestrengthsandgapsinpreventionservicescurrentlybeingofferedinWilmington.

Therewerefivethemesthatresonatedinallthesessions:1)theneedformentorship;2)employmentforyoungpeopletoearnandlearn;3)greatereducationalopportunities,e.g.,highschoolgraduationandpost-secondary;4)relationshipdevelopment;and5)mentalhealthcare(theyouthoftenreferredtoitas“angermanagement”andtheserviceprovidersreferredtoitas“trauma-informedcare”).Fortunately,UnitedWayofDelaware,theDivisionforPreventionandBehavioralHealthServices,andtheDivisionofYouthRehabilitativeServices,whichareimportantcommunitystakeholdersandcouncilmembers,haveallocatedresourcestoprogramsaimedatbuildinguponthesethemes.Whiletheseagencies,andmanyothersnotmentioned,seektointegrateservicestoprovidethemaximumlevelofcarebasedonmodelsofbestpractices,therestillexistwhatamountstocriticalgapsinservices.GapsinPreventionServicesThemostpertinentgapsinservices,accordingtotheCouncil’spreliminaryfindings,arepresentedinthefollowingparagraphs.Thelistdoesnotrepresentahierarchalorder.

1. Gapsinservicesasitrelatestotherecruitmentofopportunityyouth,ages16-24notemployedandnotinschool.ItwasbroughttotheCouncil’sattentionbycommunitycentersandrecreationalfacilities,morespecificallythoseoperatingas“safe-havens,”thatitwasdifficulttorecruitorsustaintheengagementofyouthbetweentheagesof16-24.ThisparticularfindingwasofspecialinteresttotheCouncilbecause43%oftheshootingvictimsbetweenJanuary1,2011andJuly31,2016werenestedwithinthisagecohort.

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2. Gapsinservicesasaresultofpolicies.Organizations,communitycenters,andrecreationalsitesthatserveaschildcarecentersmentionedhowpolicyprohibitsthemfromhostingchildrenolderthan14yearsofageuntil6pmiftheydonothaveaseparateroomfortheiractivities.Currently,thestandingpolicyimpedesavulnerablepopulationaccesstosuchsitesastheWilmingtonPoliceAthleticLeague(NorthSide),BrownsBoysandGirlsClub(Parkside),KingswoodCommunityCenter(Riverside),andHilltopLutheranNeighborhoodHouse(WestSide).ManyofthesefacilitiesarelocatedinwhatCeaseViolenceWilmingtonlabeledas“hotspots”--neighborhoodswherethemajorityofshootingsoccur.Coincidentally,these”hotspots”hosthighratesofunemploymentandpercentagesofpeopleinpoverty.(PleaserefertoAppendixFforamapshowingthe“hotspots”forshootinglocationsfortheperiodJanuary-June2016).Itisunlikelytheyouthbeingdeniedaccesstothesefacilitiesarefinanciallycapableofaffordingprivateafterschoolcare.Itwasmentionedatameetingthatwhentherulesandpoliciesgetinthewayofthemission,therulesandpoliciesshouldbechanged.

3. Gapsinservicewhenyouthtransitionfromjuvenilepreventionsystemtotheadultpreventionsystem.Severalagenciesrecognizedtheinabilityofthepreventionnetworktoproperlyaddressanindividual’sneedswhentheybecomeanadultand,thereforeageoutofthejuvenilepreventionsystem.Accordingtoareliablesource,thiswaslargelybasedonfundingandhowthecostwouldbecovered.Morepointedly,ajuvenile’smentalhealthcarecouldbeprovidedthroughMedicaidorotherinsurance,whereas,anadultwasonlycoveredundercertaincircumstances.

4. Gapsinservicesforyouthreenteringthepublicschoolsystemanddiffusionof

resourcesacrossStateagencies.Therearegapsinservicesastheyrelatetoyouth’sre-entryintopublicschoolfromFerrisSchool,theDetentionCenter,oranAlternativeSchool.Interestingly,theyouthwerecriticaloftheservicesbeingprovidedwhileinatreatmentcenteroralternativeschool,whereastheserviceprovidersweremoreconcernedaboutthelackofservicesbeingprovidedtoassistyouthinreadjustingtopublicschool.

StrengthsinPreventionServicesInadditiontoactivelyengagingthecommunitytotakeownershipinthisendeavor,othernotablestrengthsemergedfromtheCouncil’spreliminaryexaminationofpreventionservices.First,theCouncilwasabletoassembleanarrayofculturallycompetent

Organizations,communitycenters,andrecreationalsitesthatserveaschildcarecentersmentionedhowpolicyprohibitsthemfromhostingchildrenolderthan14yearsofageuntil6pmiftheydonothaveaseparateroom

fortheiractivities.

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individualswithanexpertiseinthefieldofprevention.Moreimportantly,theseindividualsrecognizedtheneedtoworkasacollectivegroupratherthaninsilos.Second,thecommunity,civicleaders,policymakers,andserviceprovidersrealizedtheneedformental/behavioralhealthservices.Finally,itshallbereiteratedthatthebiggeststrengthinpreventionistheadultcommunity’swillingnesstoworkrelentlesslyforchange,andthismissioncannotcomeintofruitionwithoutthesupportandguidancefromthecommunity.Todate,thecommunitysupportstheeffortsoftheCouncil.

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RecommendationsTheCounciloffersitsrecommendationsinthecontextofpromotingcommunityandindividualresilience,movingfromtraumatowell-bring.Ouryouthneedtoliveincaringcommunitiesthathelpthemdeveloppositivepersonalandsocialassetsforresiliencythathavethefeaturesdescribedbelow:

• Basicneedsaremet–crisisandemergencyneedssuchasphysicalhealth,mentalhealth,food,clothing,shelteretc.

• Physicalandpsychologicalspacewheretheyfeelsafeandsecurethatprovidesocialemotionalandmoralsupport

• Opportunitiestoexperiencesupportiverelationshipsfromcaringandcompetentadults,mentors,coaches,teacher,neighbors,andcounselors

• Opportunitiestolearnhowtoformclose,durablerelationshipswithpeersthatsupportandreinforcehealthybehaviors

• Opportunitiestofeelasenseofbelongingandbeingvaluedintheclassroom,schoolandcommunity

• Opportunitiestodeveloppositivesocialvaluesandnormsthatareconnectedtootherresourcesoutsidetheschool

• Opportunitiesthatfocusonpersonalpathwaystosuccessinschoolandcommunity

• Structurethatisdevelopmentallyappropriate,withclearandconsistentboundariesandexpectationsforbehavior

• Engagementinthecreationofspaceandprogramsthatareyouthcentric

• Settingsthataddressindividualandcommunitytrauma

Therecommendationsthatfollowaregroundedinfiveapproaches:fosteringviolence-freeenvironments,promotingpositiveopportunitiesandconnectionstotrustedadultsforallyouth,interveningwithyouthandfamiliesatthefirstsignofrisk,restoringyouthwhohavegonedownthewrongpath,andprotectingchildrenandyouthfromviolenceinthecommunity.Fortheseapproachestoworkmosteffectively,thereneedstobestrongserviceintegrationamongschools,communityorganizations,andDSCYF.

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Recommendation1:Fosterviolence-freeenvironmentsandpromotepositiveopportunitiesandconnectionstotrustedadultsforallyouth(UniversalService)

1. Buildthecapacityofcommunitycenterstoworkcollectivelytoservemoreyouthwithevidence-basedorpromisingpracticeprogramsaimedatviolencepreventiontoachievecollectiveimpactinpreventingviolenceandpromotingpositivedevelopmentandresiliency.

a. Provideavarietyofculturallyappropriateofferingstoappealtothediverseinterestsofyouth,includingthevisualarts,music,recreation,sports,financialliteracy,andotherenrichmentprogramstoexpandtheirawarenessoflifeopportunities,andbeofferedduringafter-school,evenings,andweekends,yearround.

b. Activelyengagetheyouthinthedesignandimplementation.c. ProvidemoreresourcestotheDSCYFtoexpandthecapacityofcommunity

centerstoofferyear-roundprogramsasspecifiedabove.

2. Buildthecapacityofschoolsandcommunitycenterstoalignandintegratetheirefforts.

a. OffermorejointprogrammingasdescribedinRecommendation1.b. Embedmoreculturallyappropriatesocial-emotionallearningandtrauma-

informedpracticeintheirprograms,suchasa“ritesofpassage”program.c. Partnerwithfamiliestohelpthemstrengthentheirresiliencyinproviding

safe,caringenvironmentsfortheiryouth.

3. Investinayear-roundemploymentprogram,includingsummeremployment,withwork-basedlearningandserviceopportunitiesthatprovideyouthandyoungadults(ages16-24)withmeaningfulcareerpathwaysandaccesstoneededservices,i.e.“earnandlearn.”

a. Buildapilottotestthisapproachbyengagingagroupfromthebusinesscommunitywhowouldbewillingtofundthestart-upcostsandpartnerwithnonprofitcommunityorganizationsthatpossessasuccessfultrackrecordinoperatingyouthemploymentinitiativestofostercareerdevelopmentandgeneratemeaningful“earnandlearn”opportunitiesforyouth.

4. Createalearningcommunityofthecentersandschoolstooffercollectiveprofessionaldevelopment,trainingandadditionalresourcestofosterastrongcommunityofpracticewithsharedoutcomes,inareassuchasevidence-basedprogramsandtrauma-informedpractices.

5. Developapilotforajoint“RequestforResults”withtheDSCYF,DHSS,DepartmentofEducation(DOE),DepartmentofLabor(DOL),DelawareCriminalJusticeCouncil,localgovernment,andUnitedWayofDelawaretoaligntheirfundingtosupportcontractsfortheprogrammingspecifiedinrecommendations1–3above.

a. TheRFRwouldemphasizeusingevidence-basedorpromisingpractices

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deliveredinahighlyintegratedmannertoachievespecificresultsthataresharedamongtheproviders,notsimplyproposalsofactivities.Itwouldsupportprofessionaldevelopmentinthisapproachtoachievingcollectiveimpacttoimproveyouthoutcomes.

b. Encouragethephilanthropiccommunitytoembracetheprinciplesoutlinedherein.

Recommendation2:Intervenewithyouthandfamiliesatthefirstsignofrisk(SelectedService)

1. Buildamulti-tieredidentificationandservicereferralsystemtoidentifyyouthwhoareatvaryinglevelsofrisk,basedoncriteriasuchasexposuretotrauma,transitioningbetweengradelevelsandschools,fiveormoreabsencesfromschoolforanyreasonduringayear,truancy,behavioralreferrals,orinschooloroutofschoolsuspension,andconnectthemtoneededserviceswithcasemanagement/carecoordination.

a. Provideaccessthroughschool/studentsupportteams,healthcareproviders,communityorganizations,oroptionsforself-referral.

b. ScreenyouthtoidentifyneedsformakingreferralsforservicesusingtheAdverseChildhoodExperiences(ACE)questionnaire,e.g.theUrbanACEversiondevelopedforthePhiladelphiaACETaskForce.

c. Referyouthforneededserviceswithcasemanagement/carecoordinationsupporttoensureyouthareconnectedtotheproviders,andservicesaresuccessfullycompleted.

i. ConsiderengagingthebehavioralhealthsupportsfromtheDSCYFalreadyinelementaryandmiddleschoolsandtheschool-basedhealthcentersinhighschoolstohelpwiththisfunction.

d. Integrateserviceswithschoolsandcommunityprovidersworkingtogethertoprovidesupporttotheyouthandtheirfamilies,preferablywithonecaremanager/carecoordinator.

e. Engageandsupportfamiliesintheprocess.f. Furtherexplorethedevelopmentandimplementationofapredictivetoolfor

theearlyidentificationofyouthatriskofcommittingviolentacts.g. Buildapilottotesttheapproachusingahealthcareprovider,middle

orhighschool,oracommunityschooltodothescreeningandputaprocessinplaceforidentifyingthereferralresourcesanddoingthecasemanagement/carecoordination.

2. Buildthecapacityofschoolsandcommunitycenterstoaddressissuesthatimpactyouthatmoderaterisktokeepthemfromgoingdeeperintocrisisandneedingmoreintensiveservices.

a. Providemoresocialworkandbehavioralhealthsupportsonsite.b. Embedtrauma-informedpracticesintheirworkwithyouth,suchasusing

theCompassionateSchoolevidence-basedmodel.c. Engageandsupportfamiliesinfosteringsafe,caringenvironmentsand

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promotingpositivedevelopmentintheiryouth.d. Increasethequantityoftheservicesaccessibletomoderate-riskyouth

groundedinthebestevidencetomeetthedemand.e. Encouragetheuniversaltraumascreeningofyouthaspartofroutinemedical

screeningsinprimarycaresettingsandschoolbasedhealthcenterswithreferralforinterventionasindicated.

3. Usethejoint“RFR”processdescribedunderUniversalServicesabovetocontractforservicesneededatthislevel.

Recommendation3:Restoreyouthwhohavegonedownthewrongpath(IndicatedService)

1. Increasethelevelofsupportforyouth(ages16to24)transitioningbacktotheirhomes,schoolandcommunitiesortransitioningbetweentheyouthandadultservicesystemsthatisbasedonpersonalizeddevelopmentpathwaystowardsuccesswithappropriateservicesandon-goingcasemanagementsupport.

2. Providecasemanagement/carecoordinationsupportaslongasitisneededtohelpyouthbesuccessfulandnotrecidivate.

3. Buildapilotforthisapproachbydevelopingaone-stop“YouthWellnessCenter”atoneofthecommunitycenters,modeledaftertheHopeCommissionAchievementCenter,aprogramforex-offendersreturningtothecommunity.Aftertesting,determineifthismodelcouldbereplicatedinothercommunitycenters.

4. Usethejoint“RFR”processdescribedaboveunderUniversalServicestocontractforservicesneededatthislevel.

Recommendation4:Protectchildrenandyouthfromviolenceinthecommunity

1. Increasesupportforoutreachprogramsthatengagethecommunityincreatingandsustainingacultureandenvironmentthatpreventviolenceandpromotepositiveyouthdevelopment,suchastheCureViolenceevidence-basedmodel.Theprogramsshouldseektode-escalateconflictsandreducethelikelihoodofretaliation.

2. Organizedialogueamongdiversecommunitystakeholders,includingprimarycareandbehavioralhealthproviders,communityorganizations,Stateandlocalgovernmentofficials,businesses,privatefunders,andthefaith-basedcommunity,toidentifyhowsocialproblems,suchasinstitutionalracismanddiscriminationcontributetoyouthviolenceandhowopendialoguecouldleadtosolutionsforprevention.

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3. Conveneorganizationsthatarepromotingpeaceandnon-violencetosharewhattheyareworkingonandexploreandactonopportunitiesforcollaboration.

4. Supportcapacitybuildingofschoolsandserviceprovidersinordertoincreasetheircompetencyinworkingwithyouthlivinginhigh-needcommunitiesinaculturallycompetentmanner.

5. Supportexistingeffortstoembedtrauma-informedpracticeineveryaspectofworkingwithyouthandtheirfamiliestofostercommunityresiliencytocombatthenegativeimpactofadversechildhoodexperiencesonindividualandcommunityhealthandwellbeing.

Recommendation5:Integrateservices

1. Developandpilotamodelfortheintegrationofdirectservicesandstudentdatasharingforchildren,youth,andtheirfamiliesengagingschooldistricts,schools,communityorganizations,hospitalsystems,localgovernment,DOE,DOJ,DOLandDSCYFtoimproveoutcomesfortheirpositivedevelopmentandlong-termsuccess.

a. Establishacentralstudentdataandserviceoversightentityasapublic-privatecollaboration,broadlysupportedbymultipleState,school,andcommunitystakeholders.

i. Foritsformation,researchandlearnfromthesuccessfulcreationofothercommunity-based,student-centeredinitiativesand,whereappropriate,replicatefromthesemodels.

1. TheYouthMasterPlanpromotedbytheNationalLeagueofCities,providesatoolkitformunicipalleadersseekingtobuildcommunity-ledinitiatives.

2. ThePromisePartnershipmodelinSaltLakeCityexemplifiesworktobreakdownlegacysilosandrefocusavailablecommunityresourcesoncollectiveimpact.

ii. Withtheseframeworksasaguide,theoversightentitywillformallyengageschooldistrictleadershipindevelopingspecificgoalsforthiscollaborationmodel.

b. Initial,highlevelgoalsfortheoversightentitymustinclude:i. Architectingacommonplatformforschool-basedcoordinatorstobetternavigateandorchestrateavailableStateandcommunityresourcesonbehalfofeachstudentinneed.

1. ResearchintothesuccessfulCityConnectplatforminBostonshouldbereferencedinplanninganddesignofacommunitysolution.

2. InvestigatethePhiladelphia’sEducationSupportCenterwhichbringstogetherschoolsandcommunitypartnerstoprovidesupporttochildreninfostercare.

ii. Definingandprovidingprofessionaldevelopmentonthecommon

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systemandplatform,includingdefiningtheroleforaschool-basedcoordinatortohandletheprocess.

iii. Developmentofauniversalplaybookforeverychildthatsummarizestheprogramsandsupportsinplaceandistransferrableacrossorganizations.

iv. Fosteringgreaterconnectionsandpartnershipsbetweentheschools,school-basedhealthcenters,andhealthcaresystemsaspartofthecommonsystem.

v. Exploringtheintegrationofearlylearningprovidersinthesystem.vi. Buildingayear-onepilotforaminimumtwoschoolsfromeachcity

districttoparticipateincommonprogrammingoracollaborativeplatform.

2. Alignandintegratepolicies,programs,services,clientdatasharing,andresourcesforchildren,youth,andtheirfamiliesatthestatesystemsgovernancelevelthroughthecreationofastate-levelChildren’sCabinetCouncilundertheleadershipoftheGovernortoimproveoutcomesforthepositivedevelopmentandsuccessofDelaware’schildrenandyouth.

a. Developandmaintainanadvisorygroupwithrepresentativesfromlocalgovernment,andthenon-profit,business,andphilanthropiccommunitiestoprovideadvicetotheCabinetCouncil.

b. Aligntheworkofexistingstatecouncilsandlocalandstateinitiativesimpactingservicestochildren,youth,andtheirfamiliesundertheumbrellaoftheCabinetCouncilwithformallinesofcommunicationandsharedoutcomeswhereappropriate.

c. CreateastructureandoperatingagreementforsharingofdataamongtheCabinetCouncilmemberagenciesandschoolstobeabletoprovideintegratedservicestochildren,youth,andtheirfamilies.

d. Developachildren/youthbudgetandfinancingplantosupporttheintegratedservicesystemrecommendedwiththeabilitytoshiftfundsasneededwithspecificparameters.

e. Exploreand,wherefeasible,actonopportunitiesforintegrationofprogramsandservicesamongStateandlocalgovernments,e.g.,collaborationsamongState,CityofWilmington,andNewCastleCountyonmaintainingpublicparksassafeplacesforcommunityactivitiesandrecreation.

Recommendation6:Addresspolicyissuesthathaveunintendedadverseconsequencesforyouth

1. Researchandmitigatepolicyimpedimentstotheaccessibilityofcommunity-basedprogramsforyouth,suchasChildCareLicensingregulationsgoverningspaceandstaffingrequirements.Ifthispresentsasafetyissueforyoungchildren,provideadditionalfinancialresourcesthatwouldallowthesecommunityorganizationstohavededicatedspaceandsufficientstaff.

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2. Examinethepoliciesforyouthreenteringtraditionalpublicandcharterschoolsfromalternativesettingstoremovebarrierstotheircompletingtheireducationandgraduating.

3. Developpoliciesthatfacilitatethesharingofyouthspecificdataamongschools,DSCYF,DHSS,andDOEsoastoimprovetheearlydetectionofproblemsandconnectiontoneededserviceswithappropriatecasemanagement/carecoordination.

4. Examinetheschoolcodesofconductanddisciplinarypoliciestomakethemmoreequitableforyouthofdiversebackgroundsandmoreconducivetothemachievingeducationalsuccess.

5. Createpoliciestofacilitatethetransitionofyouthfromyouthtoadultmedicalandbehavioralhealthservicestoeliminatethegapsincoverageforneededservices.

IndicatorsofSuccessTheCouncilisfocusedonhowtobuildanintegrated,coordinatedsystemofqualityservicestopreventviolenceandpromotepositivedevelopmenttomeettheneedsoftheyouth.TheCouncilwantstoensurethatyouthwhoneedmorecustomizedsupportsareidentifiedasearlyaspossibleandareconnectedtothoseservicesasquicklyandeffectivelyaspossible.Theservicesbeingprovidedneedtobegroundedinthebestevidenceavailable,i.e.,assuranceofqualityofeffort;needtobeofsufficientquantitytobeavailableandaccessibletotheyouthwhoneedthem,i.e.,quantityofeffort;andneedtohelptheservedyouthachievepositiveoutcomes,i.e.,qualityofeffect.InordertoachievethevisionforsuccessthattheCouncilhaslaidout,itwilltakeallsectorsworkingtogethertomakeimpactatthepopulationlevelusinga“publichealth”model.Accordingly,thatimpactwouldbemeasuredusingpopulationindicators,developedbyStateandlocalstakeholders,potentiallythroughtheproposed“Children’sCabinetCouncil”andthe“centralstudentdataandserviceentity”recommended.SpecificindicatorsthatmeasurethequantityandqualityofeffortandeffectwouldthenbedevelopedtomonitorthesuccessoftheimplementationoftheCouncil’srecommendationsattheoperationallevel.Examplesofthoseindicatorscouldinclude:

• Greaterparticipationinqualitycommunityprograms• Betterengagementinschool,betterretentioninthe7thand8thgrades• Reducedsuspensions• Lowertruancyrates• Reducedabsences• Enhancedfeelingsofsafety• Increasedcollegeandcareerreadiness• Higheremploymentrateamong16to24yearolds• Reducedratesofcrime,particularlygunviolence

29

Insummary,theCouncilwouldbemonitoringhowwelltheeffortsundertaken,helpyouthtodeveloppositivepersonalandsocialassetstheyneedtoberesilient,notengageinviolence,andgrowuptobesuccessfulcontributingmembersofthecommunity.InvestmentStrategyAnimportantpartoftheCouncil’sworkwastoconsiderhowtherecommendationsitismakingcouldbeimplementedgiventhecurrentfinancialpicturefacingtheStateandlocalgovernmentsandcommunities.ItissuggestingthatafinancingplanbedevelopedwithkeyStateandlocalgovernmentandcommunitystakeholdersconsideringthefollowingstrategies(AnnieE.CaseyFoundationEvidence2SuccessInitiative):

1. ImprovingtheuseofexistingStateandlocalfunding–examinethecurrentinvestmentstodeterminethosethatarealignedwiththeuseofevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesthatareachievingpositiveoutcomesrelatedtopreventingyouthviolenceandpromotingpositivedevelopment;redirectthoseinvestmentsthatarenotinalignmenttohigherpriorityservicesthatarealigned;promoteintegrationamongtheseservices;ensurethatflexibilityisprovidedtoadministeringStateandlocalgovernmentagenciestomaketheneededreallocations;ensurethe“requestforresults”proposalsolicitationprocessesarealignedwiththesegoals

2. AllocatingStateandlocalfunding–usetheStateandlocalgovernmentbudgetingprocessestoexaminenewbudgetrequeststoensurethattheyarealignedwiththeuseofevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesthatareachievingpositiveoutcomesrelatedtopreventingyouthviolenceandpromotingpositivedevelopment;onlyconsiderthosethatarealignedforfunding

3. Maximizingfederalfunding–maximizetheuseofentitlementprograms,directformula-drivenandblockgrantfunds;andpursuediscretionarygrantprogramsthatsupportthesegoals

4. Public-privatepartnerships–pursuepartnershipswithkeyprivatefoundationsandbusinessestofundintegratedservicesthatpreventviolence,promotepositiveyouthdevelopment,andaddressgapsforwhichpublicfundsarenotorcannotbeavailable

Akeystrategyintheplanshouldbetocontinuetoreexaminehowresourcescouldbereinvestedfromservicesprovidedininstitutionalsettingstothoseinthecommunity.Theresearchshowsthatevidence-basedandpromisingservicesprovidedattherecommendedlevelofintensitywithfidelitytothemodelincommunitysettingshavehelpedyouthtoachieveimprovedoutcomesatlowercostperyouth(AnnieE.CaseyFoundationEvidence2SuccessInitiative).Toillustratethisstrategy,areviewoffundsconductedbytheDSCYFintheearly1990sfoundthattwo-thirdsoftheagency’sbudgetwasbeingspenttoserveyouthininstitutionalsettings.Overthepast20years,theagencyhasshiftedfundstoexpanditscontinuumof

30

community-basedprogramstobeabletoserveyouthinmorenaturalsettings,i.e.homeandcommunity,usingevidence-basedandpromisingpracticesandachievebetteroutcomesatalowercostperyouth.Inasimilareffort,DHSShasdownsizedits24-hourinstitutionalfacilitiestorebalanceitsresourcestoprovidehigherqualityservicestoadultsinneedincommunity-basedservicesatalowercostperperson.

31

ConclusionNextStepsTheCouncilenvisionsthatthisreportwillbealivingdocumenttobeshapedfurtherbyengagingkeystakeholderswhowouldneedtobeinvolvedinmovingtherecommendationstoimplementation.ThiswouldincludethenewexecutiveleadershipfortheStateofDelaware,CityofWilmington,andNewCastleCountygovernmentsaswellastheleadershipofthelegislativebranches.Sincemanyoftherecommendationsarefocusedonintegrationofservicesandleveragingofresources,theNewCastleCountyschooldistrictsandthenonprofitcommunity,especiallyUnitedWayofDelawareandcommunityorganizationsthatserveyouthandtheirfamilies;andthehealthcare,business,andphilanthropiccommunitieswouldneedbeengaged.TheCouncilwouldadvocateforengagingyouthandtheirfamiliesaswellasthebroaderWilmingtoncommunityingatheringfeedbackandsuggestionsforconsiderationinimplementation.Lastly,theCouncilrecommendsthatitbecontinuedorsimilarbodybecreatedtosynthesizetherecommendationsandfeedbackintoanactionandresourcingplanforimplementation,buildingonexistingefforts,underthesharedleadershipoftheState,City,andCountygovernments.Closing–FinalThoughtsTheCouncilhasdevotedmuchofthisreporttorecommendationsforactioninpreventingyouthviolenceandpromotingpositivedevelopmentinthecontextoffosteringmoreresilientfamiliesandcommunities.Ithasdonethisusingaframeworkofincreasingprotectivefactors,reducingriskfactors,andpromotingtheuseofevidence-basedandpromisingpracticestoimproveyouthoutcomesinordertoinfluencepositivechangeandaddressgapsinpractices,programs,policies,systems,andenvironmentsthatimpactyouth.Inaddition,theCouncilhasproposedstrategiestobeusedtoadequatelyresourcetherecommendationsithasputforth.Lastly,ithaslaidoutaplanforengagingthebroadercommunityinthisimportantefforttosaveouryouth.Intheclosingsectionofthisreport,theCouncilfocusesattentiononthecostsofnottakinganyaction.Themarketingslogan,“youcanpaymenoworyoucanpaymelater,”appliestotheimportanceofinvestingthetimeandresourcesupfronttopreventyouthviolenceandpromotepositivedevelopmentinlieuofpayingthesignificanthumanandfinancialpriceofpooroutcomeslater.Thedirectandindirectfinancialcoststothecommunityofyouthviolencearesignificantbutdifficulttoquantify.Someexamplesofdirectcostsincludemedicalandmentalhealthcare,lawenforcementandincarceration,andlegalandsocialserviceswhileindirectcoststakeintoaccountlostearnings,strugglingschools,fearincommunities,anddecliningpropertyvalues.Forexample,eachyear,youthhomicidesandassault-relatedinjuriesresultinanestimated$16billionincombinedmedicalandworklosscosts.Thecostsassociatedwiththecriminaljusticesystemcontinuetoincreasewhiletheoutcomesdonotseemtoimprove,giventhehighrecidivismrates

32

thatexist.Additionally,resourcesallocatedtopreventionworkremainthesameordecrease,stretchedasfarastheywillgo,andarenotalwaysinvestedinqualityprogramsthatdemonstrateimprovedoutcomes(CDC’sNationalCenterforInjuryPreventionandControl,DivisionofViolencePrevention,PreventingYouthViolence;OpportunitiesforAction).Wemustdobetter;wecandobetter;butwemustacttogether.Wemusthaveprocessesinplacetoidentifyyouthatthefirstsignofadetectableproblem.Wemustreinvestinqualityprogramsthatworkwithyouthaslongasittakestohelpthemtogetontherighttrackandstayonthattrack.Wemustsupportourfamiliestocreatecaringenvironmentsfortheirchildreninwhichtheirbasicneedsaremet.Wemuststrengthenourcommunitiestobecomemoreresilienttothetraumathatisapartofeverydaylifeinourcommunities.Nowisthetimetoacttogiveouryouththechanceandchoicetogrowuphealthyandresilient,togetaqualityeducation,tofollowapathwaytoacareer,andtobecomecontributingmembersofourcommunitytodayandtheempoweredparentsoftomorrow.

33

AcknowledgementsTheCDCCommunityAdvisoryCouncilandtheDelawareDepartmentofHealthandSocialServiceswouldliketothankthemembersofthecommunitywhogavesograciouslyoftheirtimeandexpertisetocontributetothecontentsofthisreport.Whetheritwasattendingameeting,participatinginalisteningsession,orcompletingasurvey,wheneverweneededhelp,thecommunityresponded.WewouldliketoextendaspecialthankyoutoindividualmembersoftheCouncilandtheirorganizationsfortheirnever-endingcommitmentandexpertiseneededtodevelopthoughtfulrecommendationstohelppreventviolenceandpromotepositivedevelopmentamongouryouth.Now,itistimeforaction.

34

References

1. AcceleratingChange,JohnKotter(2014)

2. AdverseChildhoodExperiencesAmongWilmingtonCityandDelaware’sChildrenfor

2014,DataResourceCenterforChildandAdolescentHealth

3. AdverseCommunityExperiencesandResilience,PreventionInstitute(2015)

4. BestPracticesinWraparound,KansasUniversitySchoolofSocialWelfare(June2008)

5. BlueprintsforHealthyYouthDevelopment,UniversityofColoradoatBoulder

6. CityConnectsPolicyBrief:BuildingaSustainableInterventiontoAddresstheOutof

SchoolFactorsAffectingAchievement,APrimerandaCaseStudy,CityConnects

7. CommunityEngagementMattersMoreThanEver,StanfordSocialInnovationReview(Spring2016)

8. ConnectingtheDots:AnOverviewoftheLinksAmongMultipleFormsofViolence,CDC

andthePreventionInstitute(2014)

9. DelawareCode,Title29,Chapter90,Section9001,StateofDelaware

10. DelawareHouseholdHealthSurveyfor2015,DelawarePublicHealthInstitute

11. DelawarePopulationProjectionSeriesfor2016,DelawarePopulationConsortium

12. DevelopmentalAssets:PreparingYoungPeopleforSuccess,SearchInstitute(1991)

13. EcologyofHumanDevelopment,UrieBronfenbrenner(1979)

14. ElevatedRatesofUrbanFirearmViolenceandOpportunitiesforPrevention,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(November2015)

15. EssentialsforChildhood:StepstoCreateSafe,Stable,NurturingRelationshipsand

Environments,CDCNationalCenterforInjuryPreventionandControl(October2016)

16. Evidence2SuccessStrategicFinancingToolkitforTested,EffectivePrograms,AnnieE.

CaseyFoundation(2016)

35

17. ExploringtheMeso-System:TheRolesofCommunity,Family,andPeersinAdolescentDelinquencyandPositiveYouthDevelopment,YouthandSociety(2016,Vol.48(3)318–343)

18. Minneapolis,MinnesotaBlueprintforActiontoPreventYouthViolence,MinneapolisHealthDepartment(2013)

19. Patient–andFamily–CenteredCareCoordination:AFrameworkforIntegratingCare

forChildrenandYouthAcrossMultipleSystems,AmericanAcademyofPediatrics(May2014)

20. PresentationtotheMovementforaCultureofPeace,DelawareDepartmentofHealth

andSocialServicesSecretaryRitaLandgraf(January2016)

21. PreventingYouthViolence:OpportunitiesforAction,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)NationalCenterforInjuryPreventionandControl,DivisionofViolencePrevention(2014)

22. PreventionWorks!PreventionHandbook,SAMHSACenterforSubstanceAbuse

Prevention/NationalPreventionNetwork(December2006)

23. PromotingProtectiveFactorsforIn-RiskFamiliesandYouth:AGuideforPractitioners,USDHHSChildren’sBureauChildWelfareInformationGateway(September2015)

24. PublicHealthApproachtoViolencePrevention,CDCNationalCenterforInjury

PreventionandControl,DivisionofViolencePrevention(1993)

25. SocialDeterminantsofHealth,HealthyPeople2020

26. StrivingtoReduceYouthViolenceEverywhere(STRYVE)Online,CDCNationalCenterforInjuryPreventionandControl,DivisionofViolencePrevention

27. TheFutureofYouthJustice;ACommunity-BasedAlternativetotheYouthPrison

Model,NewThinkinginCommunityCorrections,NationalInstituteofJustice,HarvardKennedySchool(October2016)

28. TryingHardIsNotGoodEnough,MarkFriedman(2005)

29. CDCCouncilRetreat:MappingAnalysis,UnitedWayofDelaware(October2016)

30. 2015ResultsReport,PromisePartnershipRegionalCouncil–SaltLakeCity,Utah

36

Appendices

37

AppendixA

CDCCommunityAdvisoryCouncil

ChampionsTheHonorableRitaLandgrafCabinetSecretary,DelawareDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesTheHonorableDennisP.WilliamsMayor,CityofWilmingtonTheHonorableHanifaShabazzCouncilwoman,WilmingtonCityCouncilTheHonorableTheopolisGregoryPresident,WilmingtonCityCouncilMembersHenrySmithIII,Ph.D.DeputyCabinetSecretary,DelawareDepartmentofHealthandSocialServicesCo-ChairDarrylChambers,ResearchAssistant,UniversityofDelawareCo-ChairRayeJonesAveryCEO,ChristinaCulturalArtsCenterAshleyBidenExecutiveDirector,DelawareCenterforJusticeViliciaCade,Ed.D.SeniorDirectorofSecondaryEducation,ChristinaSchoolDistrictDavidChen,M.D.Physician,ChristianaCareHealthSystemTheHonorableNnamdiChukwuochaCouncilman,WilmingtonCityCouncilNorwoodColeman,Jr.SocialWorker/BehavioralHealthConsultant

38

SusanCycykDivisionDirector,PreventionandBehavioralHealth,DelawareDepartmentofServicesforChildren,Youth,andTheirFamiliesNancyDietzDivisionDirector,YouthRehabilitativeServices,DelawareDepartmentofServicesforChildren,Youth,andTheirFamiliesChrisFullmanFounder,RenaissanceArtsandMediaGroupDorrellGreenAssistantSuperintendent,BrandywineSchoolDistrictColeyHarrisCoordinator,YouthEmploymentProgram,ParkwayAcademyTonyaHockerSt.FrancisHealthCareDwightHoldenWorkforceDevelopmentCoordinator,CityofWilmingtonTyroneJonesChiefImpactOfficer,UnitedWayofDelawareTeriLawlerSchoolPsychologist,RedClaySchoolDistrictRachelLivingstonMinisterandSocialJusticeAdvocateSandraMedinilla,M.D.MedicalDirector,ViolencePrevention,ChristianaCareHealthSystemDonaldMorton,Ph.D.PastorandExecutiveDirector,ComplexitiesofColorYasserArafatPayne,Ph.D.AssociateProfessor,UniversityofDelawareA.J.RoopDeputyAttorneyGeneral,DelawareDepartmentofJustice

39

MarleneSaunders,DSWSocialWorker;FormerExecutiveDirector,NASW,DelawareChapterImanSharif,M.D.Chief,DivisionofGeneralPediatrics,Nemours/AlfredI.duPontHospitalforChildrenPaulSilverman,Ph.D.AssociateDeputyDirector,DelawareDivisionofPublicHealthCharlesSingletonOperationsOfficer,CoalitiontoDismantletheNewJimCrowMattSwansonExecutiveChairman,InnovativeSchools;Chairman,DelawareCenterforHealthInnovationSherrieTullCommander,CriminalInvestigationDivision,WilmingtonPoliceDepartmentSteveVillanuevaVicePresident,Technology,LatinAmericanCommunityCenterDaphneWarnerDirector,OfficeofPreventionandEarlyIntervention,DelawareDepartmentofServicesforChildren,Youth,andTheirFamiliesCoreyWrightDelawareCenterforJusticeGwendolineB.Angalet,Ph.D.StafftotheCouncil

40

AppendixB

LiteratureReview

1. PreventingYouthViolencehttp://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/archives/2014/february2014.htm-

2. PreventingYouthViolence:OpportunitiesforActionhttp://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/pdf/opportunities-for-action.pdf.

3. Minneapolis,MinnesotaBlueprintforActiontoPreventYouthViolencehttp://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/www/groups/public/@health/documents/webcontent/wcms1p-121861.pdf.

4. PromotingProtectiveFactorsforIn-RiskFamiliesandYouth:AGuideforPractitionershttps://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/in_risk.pdf-page=2&view=Lessonsfromtheresearchliterature.

5. PreventionWorks!PreventionHandbook

http://docplayer.net/3131650-Csap-npn-prevention-handbook.htm.

6. BestPracticesinWraparoundhttps://childrenandfamilies.ku.edu/sites/childrenandfamilies.drupal.ku.edu/files/docs/best%20practices%20in%20wraparound.pdf.

7. Patient–andFamily–CenteredCareCoordination:AFrameworkforIntegratingCareforChildrenandYouthAcrossMultipleSystemshttp://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/133/5/e1451.full.pdf

8. ExploringtheMeso-System:TheRolesofCommunity,Family,andPeersin

AdolescentDelinquencyandPositiveYouthDevelopmentYouthandSociety,2016,Vol.48(3)318–343,

9. CommunityEngagementMattersMoreThanEver

StanfordSocialInnovationReviewhttp://ssir.org/articles/entry/community_engagement_matters_now_more_than_ever.

10. EssentialsforChildhood:StepstoCreateSafe,Stable,NurturingRelationships

andEnvironmentshttp://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/essentials_for_childhood_framework.pdf

41

11. ConnectingtheDots:AnOverviewoftheLinksAmongMultipleFormsof

Violencehttps://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/connecting_the_dots-a.pdf

12. AdverseCommunityExperiencesandResilience

http://www.preventioninstitute.org/component/jlibrary/article/id-372/127.htmlPresentationbyDr.HowardPinderhughesandSheilaSavannahontheframework,http://preventioninstitute.org/images/stories/Documents/Adverse_Community_Experiences_and_Resilience_Webinar_4.18.16.pdf

13. StrategicFinancingToolkitforTested,EffectiveProgramshttp://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/AECF-Strategic-Financing-Toolkit-2016.pdf.

42

AppendixC

ProgramsandServicesinHighNeedCommunitiesoftheCityofWilmington

(Source:UnitedWayofDelaware)

43

AppendixD

ViolencePreventionProgramsforAllYouthLivinginHigh-NeedCommunities

Effort-EffectAnalysis

Agency/Program Howmanyyouthwereenrolledoverthelastyear?(Input-Quantity)

Whichevidence-basedmodelsservedastheframework?(Effort-Quality)

Howmanyyouthsuccessfullycompletedtheprogram(Output-Quantity)

Whatoutcomesdidtheyouthachieve?(Quality–Effect)

WestEndNeighborhoodHouse/AfterSchoolandSummerPreventionProgram

600

UsesAllStars

Increasedknowledgeofrisksassociatedwithtobacco,drugandalcoholabuse;increasedparticipationinpreventionactivitiesbyyouthandtheirparents

YouthEmpowermentProgram/PhoenixGangPreventionProgram

150

UsesthePhoenixGangPreventionmodel

Reducedproblembehaviors,increasedpro-socialskills

DPBH/BehavioralHealthConsultationProgram

17MiddleSchools480youthreceivedclinicalservicesbyaBHC12964non-clinicalconsultationsServicesincluderiskassessment,transitionalservices,behavioralplans,andresourceconnectionstoreducefamilystress

UsesTraumaFocusedCognitiveBehavioralTherapy,CognitiveBehavioralTherapy,Multi-systemicTherapy,IM40DevelopmentalAssets;Psych-SocialAssembliesontraumaexposure,BHWorks,GAINSII,UCLAShort

1148screeningsanddischarged2881receivedadditionalcounselingandcommunitybehavioralhealthsupports

Throughscreeningtools,clinicalserviceswereneededforthefollowing:128aggressionornegativeconduct76depression68anxiety61familystressors51interpersonalproblems,bullying,peerconflict

ClarenceFraimBoysandGirlsClub/SmartMoves,CareerLaunch,AcademicTutoringandMentoring

UsesSmartMoves

Increasedknowledgeofrisksassociatedwithtobacco,drugandalcoholabuse,teenpregnancy,STDs;increasedparticipationinpreventionactivitiesbyyouth

ChildrenandFamilies

750

UsesStrengthening

Increasedfamilystrengths

44

First/StrengtheningFamiliesProgram

FamiliesProgramcurriculum

andresiliency,reducedproblembehaviorsofchildren/youth;increasedprotectivefactorsofimprovedfamilyrelationshipsandparentingskills;improvedsocialandlife’sskillsofyouth

ChildrenandFamiliesFirst/CommunitySchools

2400studentsatfiveelementaryschoolsandBayardMiddle

UsestheCommunitySchoolmodel,GirlsCircle,IM40DevelopmentalAssets,PeerCoaches/CommunityConnectors

2015–EastsideCommunitySchools(Bancroft,Stubbs,andElbertPalmer–Served3,804unduplicatedstudents,familiesandcommunitymembers;1015ofthisnumberattendedatleast3eventsorstudentreceived1service2015-RedClayCS(WarnerandShortlidge)-had5,000contactswithstudents,families,andcommunitymembers;reached187parentsandcommunitymemberswithenrichmentandotherservicesthroughevents(unduplicatedcount);2016Jan-June–had1,531studentcontacts,561familycontacts,642communitymembercontacts(duplicatedcount)

ECS-Evaluationresultfor2011to2015–Slightincreaseinschoolattendance,90%to95%;decreaseinchronicabsencesfrom16%to2%;majorityofstudentsnotexperiencinginoroutofschoolsuspensions–7%forECSstudentsforwhomtheyhadconsentcomparedtooverallschoolrateof20%

H.FletcherBrownBoysandGirlsClub

UsesSmartMovesandSmartGirls

Studentsfeelsafeandcaredfor,volunteerinthecommunity,increasedknowledgeofdrugabuseandviolenceprevention,andmakinggoodchoices

45

PeterSpencerFamilyLifeFoundation/FreedomSchoolandTooGoodforDrugs

105

UsesTooGoodfrom

theMendezFoundation

Studentsmaintainedorimprovedtheirreadingleveloverthesummer

LatinAmericanCommunityCenter/HealthDisparities

120

PrimeforLife

Reducedsubstanceabuseandincreasedlow-riskchoices

PoliceAthleticLeagueofWilmington

72

LifeSAVERSProgramfocusesoncyberbullying,suicidepreventioneducation,violenceprevention.AllyouthparticipatedinLifelinesandSecondStepsuicideandviolencepreventionprograms.Theprogramalsoprovideshomeworksupport,healthysnacksfitnessactivities,artandcookingclasses.

51completedtheprogram14droppedoutduetosportsandotherprogramsoroutsideobligations.

PreandPost-testwereadministered.Youthwereuncomfortablerespondingtothetest.Resultsarenotconclusive.Youtharemoreinterestedinfunactivitiesandstruggledtoremainfocusedonthecurriculumportionsoftheprogram.

HillTopCommunityCenter

Total 336 youth enrolled. 3pm to 9pm Monday through Friday for reading supports and extracurricular activities. Beauty Camp and Cosmetology, Jr. NBA Basketball League. They provide Boys to Men and Sisterly Love for youth empowerment community based programs. Reading and tutoring

IM40DevelopmentalAssets

Openendeduniversalprograms

Allyouthareengagedinreadingandadditionalacademicsupportsbeforetheyparticipateinextracurricularactivities.Theyareinasafelocationandareengagedinconstrictiveactivities.

46

JobsforDelawareGraduates

3,698ofDelaware'svulnerableyouthwereserved,801fromCity;providedleadershipdevelopment,self-development,careerexploration,lifeskills,jobsearchandjobsurvivalskills;graduatesreceivedplacementandfollow-upservices,includingtransitionassistancetopost-secondaryeducation,advancedtraining,military,and/oremployment

JDGisanaffiliateofJobsforAmerica'sGraduates(JAG).JAGisaresultofJDGandthemodelhasbeenreplicatedin32states.TheJAGNetworkhasconsistentlydeliveredcompellingresultshelpingoveronemillionyouthstayinschoolthroughgraduation,pursuepost-secondaryeducationand/orsecureentry-leveljobsleadingtocareeradvancement.

96%ofJDG's"100%atriskofdroppingout"populationremainedinschool.83%of9ththrough11thgradersadvancedtothenextgradeinschooland93%oftheseniorsgraduated.

Successismeasuredbyretainingthestudentsinschooltocompletetheirrespectivegradesandadvancetothenextgradeorgraduate;completingtheJDGcurriculum;participatingintheyouthorganization,DelawareCareerAssociation(DCA);andparticipationinsummeremployment,volunteerworkoreducationalactivities.Students"gaveback"over8,328hourstoDelawarethroughCommunityServiceProjects;valuedat$177,960bytheIndependentSector.63%of9-11thgradersinvolvedinasummerexperience.65%oftheJune2016graduatesemployed,incollegeoradvancedtrainingoracombinationofby9/30/16.

47

AppendixE

ViolencePreventionProgramsforModerate-toHigh-RiskYouth

Effort-EffectAnalysis

Agency Howmanyyouthwereenrolledoverthelastyear?(Input-Quantity)

Whichevidence-basedmodelsservicedastheframework?(Effort-Quality)

Howmanyyouthsuccessfullycompletedtheprogram(Output-Quantity)

Whatoutcomesdidtheyouthachieve?(Effect–Quality)

CeaseViolence

32+youthenrolled15+youththroughChristianaCare

BasedonCureViolencemodelestablishedinChicago

6completedtheprogram

Youtharebackinschoolorworkingandlivingahealthylifestyle

ChildrenandFamilyFirst–FunctionalFamilyTherapy

230youthenrolledwiththeirfamilies

Isanevidence-basedprogram;alsousesFamilyKeystokeepteensoutoffostercare(DFSProgramcalledFAIR)

71%completedtheprogram

75%adolescents/parentsreportimprovedrelationships(77%teens;74%parents)Atintake58%ratedthemselvesassevere;ofthese72%werenolongersevereatdischarge

ChristianaCare/AllianceforAdolescentPregnancyPrevention

Serviceprovided–632(MakingProudChoices!–224;BeProud!BeResponsible!–186;WiseGuy–222)(MPC–23groupsprovided,19inCityofWilmington;BPBR–25groupsprovided,13inCityofWilmington;WiseGuys–32groupsprovided,11intheCityofWilmington)

MPCandBPBR-evidencebasedWiseGuys–promisingpracticebyCDCGroupsarefacilitatedbytrainedChristianaCareeducators;eacheducatorsrequiredtoattendathree-daytrainingEducatorsareevaluatedregularlytoensurefidelityisbeingmaintainedEducatorsintheWiseGuysprogramprovidefeedbacktoauthorstoassistwithcontinuedcurriculumdevelopment

560completedtheprogramsuccessfully(MPC–203or90%completion;BPBR–154or83%completion;WiseGuys–204or92%completion)

IncreasedaccesstoreproductivehealtheducationandconnectionstoservicethrougheducatorsIncreasedreproductivehealthknowledge/awarenessPotentialstrongercommunicationskillsaroundtheirreproductivehealth/behaviors/choicesSafespacetodiscussreproductivehealthissueswithtrainedprofessionalSafespacetointeractwithpeersinanon-judgmentalenvironmentConnectiontoadditionalresourcessuchasSchoolBasedHealthCenter,PlannedParenthoodDE,ARC

48

ChristinaCulturalArtsCenter/HeartUndertheHoodieYouthViolencePreventionProgram

Enrolled–12575schools10-14yearolds4daysperweek;free;morestructureatCCACSites:CCAC,ReedsPerformingArts,Bancroft,Stubbs,Kuumba(2015-2016),addingPrestigeAcademy

AdaptedUrbanImprovBoston;adaptedOaklandServicesYoga;Arts;ConflictEmotionalLiteracy–PowerService;FamilyEngagement/Referral

95%completion70%developpositiveidentity;85%selfreportanincreaseininternalandexternalprotectiveassets;70%demonstrateincreasedenthusiasmforschoollearninginandoutofschool;70%developemotional/socialcompetencyviaexpression

Long-termOutcomes80%youthutilizeprincipletoolsofyogaoutsideofclasstogainself-control75%ofyouthdevelopanddemonstratesounddecision-makingskillsreducingincidencesofunwantedbehavior75%ofyouthindicatedastrongerattachmentandcommitmenttofamily,school,neighborhood65%ofyouth,parents,andadultsbuildawarenessofandtakeactionsurroundingsocialproblemsresultinginviolencewithinhomes,schools,andneighborhoods

Duffy’sHope/AmbassadorsProgram

340enrolled

PhoenixCurriculum

49

ViolencePreventionProgramsforHigh-RiskYouthEffort-EffectAnalysis

Agency Howmanyyouth

wereenrolledoverthelastyear?(Input-Quantity)

Whichevidence-basedmodelsservicedastheframework?(Effort-Quality)

Howmanyyouthsuccessfullycompletedtheprogram(Output-Quantity)

Whatoutcomesdidtheyouthachieve?(Effect–Quality)

YMCA/BackonTrack

Totalyouthassigned-338Averageage–14-17yearsLowleveloffenders–NoProbationOfficer

1) Intakewith

families2) FourLifeSkill

classes(ListentoSelf)

3) CommunityServiceProject

4) Priortoclasses-CaseManagerintroduction

5) Duringclassesifneeded–visits

6) Followupvisits7) Contactedwith

otheragenciesthatareneeded

294successful61AdministrativePulls44UNwithprogramDifficultywithparentfollowthrough

1) Youthoneyear

membershipswiththeYMCA

2) Placedwithotherprogramsafterwards:BlackAchieversYouthinGovernment

3) WorkReadiness4) Youthcomingbackto

letusknowhowtheyaredoing

5) Parentswantotheryouthinfamilytoparticipate

VisionQuest

608youth(7/1/15to6/30/16)Pre-Trial–220(64Wilm.)Umbrella–273(101Wilm.)FFT–115(33Wilm.)Moderatetohighriskyouth–ProbationOfficerprovidescasemanagement

FamilyFunctionalTherapy(FFT)AggressionReplacementTherapyCognitiveBehavioralTherapyStreetSmartSanctuaryGirlsSelf-EsteemCaseyLifeSkillsCommunityServiceAccountabilityPre-Trial

82%successfullycompletedservicesAverageLengthofService–3months

1)OhioScalesmeasuresProblemseverity(65%)Hopefulness(57%)Satisfaction(92%)Functioning(61%)2)StandardProgramEvaluationProtocol(SPEP)ScoresScoredthreetimessince2013;showedservicescoreprimarilyimprovingovereachround

WraparoundDelaware

375youth(7/1/15to6/30/16)

BasedonPACTassessment(low/moderaterisk)CasemanagementinlieuofProbationOfficerFollowthe

271or77%successful191youthcompletedLLS5Truancy74CivilCitation3MentalHealth

CompletionofCourt-orderedconditionsConnectedtocommunityresource

50

Wraparoundprinciplesandtraumainformedcare

CourtAverageLengthofService–4-6months

YouthAdvocateProgram

19youthHighriskyouthwithguncharges;10-15hoursperweekperyouth;12atonetime

PromisingPractice–CaseyFoundationandOJJDP;drawsfromtheresearchbaseofwraparound,familysupport,mentoring,positiveyouthdevelopment,restorativejustice

8youthFamilyenvironmentnotalwayssupportive

LivingsafelyinthecommunityConnectiontoeducationSuccessfullycompletingprobationConnectiontocommunityoutreach

DelawareCenterforJustice/StudentWarriorsAgainstGangsandGuns(SWAGG)–CommunityCaseManagementComponentfrom4/2014to4/2015

23youthreceivedcasemanagementafterrelease

Phoenix/NewFreedom100Curriculum

23youth

Lowrecidivismrate–16%

51

AppendixF

Programs,Services,andSchoolsinRelationshipto“HotSpot”AreasintheCityofWilmington(AsofJune2016)

(Source:UnitedWayofDelaware)