ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords
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Transcript of ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords
HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 1 of 52
TP-1TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
ACADs (08-006) Covered
KeywordsPathways, pathway analysis, preoperational monitoring, water sampling, plant effects, trends in environment.
Description
Supporting MaterialInstructor Notes
Radiological Environmental Monitoring Programs (REMP)
1.1.8.3 1.2.1.9 3.1.1.7 3.1.1.14 3.2.4.4 3.3.7.4 3.3.8.21 3.3.10.7
3.3.10.8 3.3.12.18 3.3.14.7.4 3.3.14.7.7 3.3.15.1 3.3.15.2 3.3.15.5 4.2.7.26
4.16.6
Enabling Objectives
• Objectives of REMP• REMP Requirements Document• Two Primary Pathways• Parameters of Critical Pathway Analysis• Importance of Preoperational Monitoring• Direct Radiation Measurements• Local, Perimeter, & Remote Stations
Enabling Objectives
• Categories of Food Products• Water Sampling Technique• Categories of Fish• Quality Control Samples• Purpose of Land Use Survey• Predominant Fission/Activation Product• Results Report
REMP Objectives
• Determine Plant Effects on People• Determine Trends of Radioactivity in the
Environment• Provide Assurance to the Public• Meet Regulatory Requirements• Provide for Monitoring during Emergencies
REMP Bases
• 10 CFR 50, Appendix A, General Design Criterion 64 - Monitor Plant Environs for Radioactivity.
• 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, Appropriate Monitoring to Evaluate Doses.
• NRC Generic Letter 89-01 – Programmatic Controls in Tech Specs & ODCM
REMP Descriptions
• FSAR – General Monitoring Program• Plant Technical Specifications – Administrative
Controls.• Plant Offsite Dose Calculation Manual
(ODCM) – Specific Requirements for the Monitoring Programs
Critical Pathways
• Airborne Pathways
• Waterborne Pathways
Airborne Pathways
• Direct (Air)1. Direct Radiation2. Inhalation
• Indirect (Ground or Terrestrial)1. Materials Deposited on Ground2. Materials Deposited on Plants and Ingested.
Waterborne Pathway
• Ingestion of Water
• Ingestion of Fish or other Aquatic Animals or Plants
• Direct Exposure at the Shoreline
Pathways for Exposure
Parameters for aCritical Pathway Analysis
• Dose Projections
• Weather Patterns
• Population Distribution
• Land Use
Air-Related PathwaysDose Conc. LLDmRem/yr
1. Air pCi/m3 pCi/m3 I-131 0.05 0.0024 0.0100Noble Gas 0.43
2. Milk pCi/L pCi/LI-131 0.09 0.05 0.50
3. Vegetables pCi/Kg pCi/KgI-131 0.62 0.21 1-8Sr-90 1.00 0.11 8Sr-89 0.70 1.00 40
RankingAir-Related Pathways
Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr)
Sr Iodine Noble Gases
1. Vegetation(1.7) Milk (>1)(1.0 Sr-90) (Conservative(0.7 Sr-89) Assumptions)
2. Vegetation (0.62) Direct (0.43)3. Inhalation (0.05)
Milk (0.09) (Actual Location)
4.
Dose Distribution – SQN% of Total MonitorsRank Dose Sector 1-10 Miles >10 Miles 1 19.1 SSW LM, PM 2 15.4 NNE LM, PM RM 3 13.9 NE LM 4 9.0 N LM, PM 5 9.0 SW PM RM 6 6.6 S 7 5.0 SSE 8 4.7 ENE 9 3.4 SE 10 3.0 NNW 11 2.5 WSWPM 12 2.3 E 13 2.2 ESE RM 14 1.5 W PM 15 1.4 NW 16 0.9 WNW RM
Dose DistributionTimes Population - SQN
% of TotalRank Dose Sector Monitors, 1-10 Miles 1 19 SSW LM, PM 2 15 WSW PM 3 12 SW PM 4 9 NW 5 9 W PM 6 6 WNW 7 5 S 8 3 NNW 9 3 SSE 10 2 N LM 11 2 NNE LM 12 2 SE 13 1 ESE 14 1 NE LM 15 1 ENE 16 1 E
Water-Related PathwaysAnnual DosemRem/yr Concentration LLD
1. Water pCi/L pCi/LMF&AP 0.0023 0.0920 5-10I-131 0.0051 0.0036 1-8H-3 0.0001 2.0000 330Sr-90 0.0022 0.0004 2
2. Fish pCi/g pCi/gMF&AP 0.3800 2.0000 0.01-0.10I-131 0.0210 0.0020 0.02Sr-90 0.0055 0.0001 0.10
MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products
RankingWater-Related Pathways
Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr)
Iodine Sr MF&AP1. 2. Fish
(0.38)3. Fish
Ingestion (0.021)4. Water Water Water
Ingestion (0.0051) Ingestion (0.0022) Ingestion
Fish (0.0055) (0.0023)
MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products
PreoperationalMonitoring Program
• Establish Background Radiation Levels
• Identify Fluctuations in Background Data
Background Fluctuations
• Seasonal
• Annual
• Random
Gross Beta in Air
ThermoluminescentDosimeter
Direct RadiationMonitoring
Atmospheric MonitoringStations
• Local Monitors (LM) – On or Adjacent to the Site Boundary
• Perimeter Monitors (PM) – 3-10 Miles from the Site
• Remote Monitors (RM) – > 10 Miles from the Site
Air Monitor Station
Original Air Filter
Air FlowMeasuring Equipment
Present Air SampleCollector
Air Filter Assembly
Rainwater Collection Tray
One Type ofSoil Sampler
Typical Food Products - 1
• Fresh Leafy Vegetables1. Lettuce2. Cabbage3. Greens
• Other Vegetables1. Tomatoes2. Green Beans3. Corn
Typical Food Products - 2
• Tubers1. Potatoes2. Turnips
• Fruits1. Apples2. Peaches
• Meat/Poultry1. Beef2. Chicken
Water Sampling Station
Fish Samples
• Commercial Species1. Catfish2. Smallmouth Buffalo
• Game Species1. Bass2. Crappie
Electrofishing
Sample Analyses
• Gross Beta – Low Background Counter• I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-
Gamma Coincidence Counting• Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct.• Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting
Liquid ScintillationCounting
Sample Analyses• Gross Beta – Low Background Counter• I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-Gamma
Coincidence Counting• Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct.• Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting• Gamma – Gamma Spectroscopy
1. Marinelli Beaker2. “Cottage Cheese” Type Container, Various
• Charcoal Cartridge – High Resolution Gamma
Marinelli Beakers
Counting Solid Samples
Quality Control Program
• Equipment Checks• Laboratory Cross Check Program with Outside
Laboratory• Split Samples with AL, TN, & EPA• Quality Control Samples• Supervisors Review Trends/Problems
Quality Control Samples
• Blank Samples• Duplicate Samples• Split Samples• Analytical Knowns• Blind Spikes• Internal Cross-Checks
Land Use Survey
Direct Radiation LevelsSequoyah Nuclear Plant
Four Quarter Moving Average
10
15
20
25
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Calendar Year
Ave
rage
Exp
osur
e /
mR
/ Q
tr
On-Site
Off-Site
Initial SQNP operation in July, 1980
Cs-137 in Soil
Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
• Site/Plant Descriptions• Monitoring Program Description• Assessment/Evaluation of Plant Impacts• Monitoring Program Modifications• Missed Samples/Analyses
Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
• Analytical Procedures• Nominal Lower Limits of Detection (LLD)• Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program• Land Use Survey Results• Data Tables
Summary - Analysis
• Critical Pathway Analysis Includes Dose Projections
Based on:
1. Dose Projections
2. Weather Patterns
3. Population Distribution
4. Land Use
Summary - REMP
• REMP Sampling1. Direct Radiation2. Atmospheric Media3. Terrestrial Media4. Waterborne Media
• Quality Assurance/Quality Control• Land Use Survey• Annual Report to NRC