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Academic Integrity in the Kingdom of Cambodia

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CIES 2014 Toronto, Canada

!Alex Jun, Ph.D., Azusa Pacific University Rebecca Hong, Ed.D., Biola University Curtis Cline, Azusa Pacific University

Faith Fitt, Azusa Pacific University !!

Overview!!Purpose and Aim !History and State of Higher Education in Cambodia !Methodology !Data Analysis !Findings & Conclusions

Research purpose and aim

History and State of Higher Education

Institutions

“Study is not important. What’s important is work and revolution.”

The Silent Revolution 1998-PRESENT

STATE OF HEI

PRIVATE 63%

PUBLIC 37%

PUBLIC PRIVATE0

4500090000

135000180000

2003 2010

Undergrads Grads Doctorates

design and

Methodology

Design & Methodology

• Policies, practices, significant institutional factors that contribute to the successful delivery of higher education for undergraduate students

• Qualitative Study: Eclectic approach to case studies

• Ethnographic

• Grounded Theory

• Data collection

• Individual Interviews

• Focus groups

• Observations

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!

Bounded Single-Case Study Method

Grounded Theory Approach

Ethnographic Approach

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SITE SELECTION !

Recruitment & Employment of Foreign

Faculty

Courses in

English

Western teaching practices

Globalization through policies and practices

Competitive admission

Faculty with higher

advanced degrees

Enrolling nation’s

competitive students

Positioned at the heart of

change

!!

data collection

26undergrads

administrators faculty

TWOfocus groups

2 Rounds 60 minutes

52 hours

c a m p u s

ex-patriate educators

findings

TextEvolving Education system

“Survival Rate from G1-G6” (MOEYS)

2005-2006

2009-2010

0 17.5 35 52.5 70

63.8

48.9

61.7

49.3

Total Female

“Survival Rate from G1-G9” (MOEYS)

2005-2006

2009-2010

0 9.5 19 28.5 38

37.9

24.3

37.2

26.3

Total Female

Evolving Education system

26%“SURVIVORS”

Educational System National Exam

Historical Genocide Human Trafficking

Multiple Universities Multiple Degrees

language system

English

“Better future” “Improve my life”

“Speak every time you get a chance”

“Every organization or NGO recognizes English”

“study abroad”“Find a good job”“Listen to BBC” “Help research”

“International language”

“Develop knowledge”

vital support system

Family’s Financial Investment

Family Sacrifice

Collective Choice in School and Major

Collective Hopes of a ROI

vital support system

Family’s Financial Investment

Family Sacrifice

Collective Choice in School and Major

Collective Hopes of a ROI

ethical system: academic dishonesty

ethical system: academic dishonesty

“Just pay money and you can get a good grade.”

!

-Student LCK

policies for practice

• Establish and maintain high institutional standards

• Clear policy on academic dishonesty

• Prepare ethical graduates

universalism vs. particularism

Black and white !

Follow the rules everywhere and all the time

!Consistency

Exception leads to corruption

Cultural value based on relationships and bonds

!Interpret rules in context

!Flexibility

!Obligation to family and

friends

Academic Dishonesty in Research Literature

• Dishonesty as a pervasive problem in various parts of Asia (Hsiao & Yang, 2011; Lim & See, 2001; Lin & Wen, 2007)

• Cultural influences that may increase likelihood of students cheating (Diekhoof, Emily, Lageff, & Hajime, 1999; Kobayashi & Fudushima, 2012)

• Strong collectivist rather than individualist values

• Hierarchical rather than egalitarian social structures

3%

40%

57%

Socially AcceptableNot WrongNo Response

Thank you for attending. Enjoy the rest of the conference!