Academic Data Centre
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Transcript of Academic Data Centre
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Academic Data Centre
We have data and are willing to help you use it
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Who we are• The ADC provides the
following services:– Access to statistical and
geospatial data– One-on-one consultations for
• Finding statistics and geospatial files
• Using statistics and GIS software (SPSS, SAS, ArcGIS etc.)
• Running statistical methods and spatial analyses
– In-class instruction and online tutorials
Room 1104, Leddy Library (next to Williams' Coffee Pub).
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Micro and Macro
• Microdata is about individuals, macrodata is about populations
• Macrodata (“statistics”) is country, state or region level data such as employment rate, GDP, infant mortality, etc.
• Microdata (“raw data”) is data on individual people or units such as households, stocks or firms
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Primary and Secondary Data
• Primary data: data you collect yourself, to answer your specific research question
• Secondary data: data collected by some other researcher or institution which you are repurposing to answer your research question– May be used as main focus of research or provide
supplementary information
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Geospatial data?• Geospatial data is the
composite of spatial data and attribute data, describing: – Attribute information:
What is it? – Location information:
Where is it? • Macro and
environmental data are good for mapping
Building Type: OfficeHeight: 100 ft. Condition: Good
43°N, 79°W
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Where does data come from?• Public: governments, inter-governmental organizations like
the UN and the World Bank– Censuses, Statistics Canada, U.N. Multiple Indicator Surveys,
Spatial, Environment (water samples, emissions, climate)• Non-profit: NGOs, charities, think tanks
– International Food Policy Research Institute, Pew Research Centre• Academic: individual researchers and research
collaborations• Private: media, corporations etc. collect data
– Gallup and other polls are archived; non-news related private data is usually hard to obtain
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Public vs. private: it’s the money
• Publically funded institutions have a mandate to spend their money towards certain goals and are held accountable to the public
• Private institutions / businesses have no such mandate and are not accountable beyond what is required by law
• Most publically available data comes from public institutions and the occasional interested and persistent researcher
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Statistics on business, industry and economics
• Companies prefer to not give data away, unless required by law (government industry statistics), required by shareholders (company reports), or as a result of interacting with other entities (e.g. stock market)
• Three main sources: – governmental (including IGO) – companies themselves – published business / industry analysis and trade statistics
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Government Data
Statistics Canada and others
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National Data Collection• Every country (more or less) has a census • Conducted at 5 or 10 year intervals• Since a complete sample, often the only source for
very small area data• Most developed countries also conduct a number
of large scale surveys (economic / employment, health, etc.)
• Countries also collect data for administrative purposes (trade, tax, voting records, immigration etc.)
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Canada• National Statistics Agency: Statistics Canada
– Collect or compile statistics on demographics, health, economics, agriculture…
• Turned over collection of some health statistics (hospital based records in particular) to Canadian Institute for Health Information
• Public Health Agency of Canada tracks data on threats to public health, including diseases and injuries. Has the Canadian Incidence Studies of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect
• Individual government departments also may release statistics that they have collected for their own purposes – e.g. C.I.C. tracks immigration statistics
• Provinces don’t have provincial statistical agencies per se, but again departments may compile and release some data
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Getting Microdata• Public-Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) released
through Data Liberation Initiative, can be downloaded through ODESI or Equinox .
• Restricted-Use data files can be accessed through our Research Data Centre
• Not all Statistics Canada data is made available though the RDCs (or at all); see lists of available RDC data here and here.
• CIHI – see their Graduate Student Data Access Program
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Environmental: Canada
• National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) Databases
• Environment Canada Indicators– Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators – Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Dat
a– Air Quality and Ozone Levels
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United States• Multiple statistical agencies – no centralized collection or
distribution point– Census Bureau– National Center for Health Statistics– Bureau of Labor Statistics– Bureau of Economic Analysis– National Center for Education Statistics
• U.S. public use government data tends to be more detailed than Canadian (has detail that in Canada would be restricted)
• U.S. restricted data is sometimes not allowed to leave the country.
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Environmental: U.S.
• Environmental Protection Agency– Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Data
base– National Emissions Inventories
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration– Earth System Research Laboratory– National Geophysical Data Center
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Other Countries
• Most other (non-U.S.) countries have national statistical agencies– U.K.: Office for National Statistics– Australia: Bureau of Statistics…
• The official statistical agency is generally the one that does the census
• Some countries have national data archives that will archive government and other data– UK National Data Archive– Australian Data Archive
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International data: inter-governmental, nonprofit non-governmental
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What?• Intergovernmental Organizations / IGOs
– International, established by treaty or charter e.g. U.N., World Bank, OECD…
• Non-Governmental (NGOs)– Non-profits, may be associated with one of the above, may be
national or international, e.g. Amnesty International, Demographic and Health Surveys, International Food Policy Research Institute
• In less developed countries, these are a primary source for population welfare data that in developed countries is collected by the government
• Also good source for international comparative data
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Basic Sources• Population, Economic, infrastructure etc:
– U.N. Data – data.un.org– World Bank’s World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance
(and others)• Health:
– World Health Organization• A primary source for diseases, mortality, risk factors
– DOLPHN: Data Online for Population, Health and Nutrition (USAID)• Draws on W.H.O., DHS, various other survey as well as government sources
• Environment:– U.N. Environmental Data Explorer – Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Environmental Sustainability Index and Population, Landscape, and Climate Estimates (PLACE)
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Major Population Welfare survey series
• Living Standards Measurement Surveys (World Bank)– Focus: consumption and income, good demographics– Coverage: 40+ mostly middle-income countries
• Demographic and Health Surveys (organization of the same name)– Focus: health, particularly reproductive– Coverage: 90: low- and middle-income countries, good
demographics• Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (United Nations / Unicef)
– Focus: child health and welfare, reproductive health; limited demogrpahics
– 65+ low and middle income countries
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Academic Research Data
Using the data of researchers who had better funding than you
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Really big
• World Values Surveys– Survey of the “basic values and beliefs of the publics of
more than 80 societies”• Global Barometer and the Barometers
– Includes Afrobarometer, Arab Barometer, Asian Barometer, and Latinobarometro. Eurobarometer is separate.
• International Social Survey Programme• Comparative Study of Electoral Systems
– Collaborative program of research among election study teams from around the world.
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Individual researchers and smaller projects
• ICPSR is the world's largest archive of social science data – more than 8,500 research studies.– International in focus but majority of the data is American.– Individual researchers generally choose whether or not to
deposit their data – and under what restrictions– Features to note: special topic archives, variables database
• Canadian Opinion Research Archive• Harvard’s Murray Archive / Lives Over Time
– Source for some major longitudinal studies