Academic Apps
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Transcript of Academic Apps
The academic app store
Ian Thornton
Psychology Department, Swansea University
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
Take home message
• Mobile apps have revolutionised the software industry
• “Academic apps” could dramatically change the way we produce and consume science
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
Take home message
• Produce -- mobile devices can be useful experimental platforms
• Produce -- academic apps could allow us to “market” our science in new ways
• Consume -- readers vs. users
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
iPad Experiments
• The iPad (and similar mobile devices) have potential as powerful experimental tools
• Easy to set-up and run a range of experiments (particularly with platforms such as Unity)
• Flexible ways to measure performance
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
• Changes the dynamics of traditional, lab-based, screen-and-keyboard tasks
• Potential for mass, remote data collection
• Easy to network, for joint action
iPad Experiments
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
Take home message
• Produce -- mobile devices can be useful experimental platforms
• Produce -- academic apps could allow us to “market” our science in new ways
• Consume -- readers vs. users
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
Pages
Keynote
MILO
GaborPlay
GoodReader
Visual Acuity XL
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
Overview
• Background on “apps”
• Academic Apps -- a working example
• Discussion
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
Background
• Mobile apps are single-use or limited function pieces of application software, designed for smart phones and tablets.
• They redefined “software” as “content”
• The majority of apps are still games, but also span the whole range covered by traditional applications (500, 000 titles just on Apple Store)
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
Background
• Reduction in scale/function initially driven by tech limits of mobile devices. Now desktop apps
• App Store (2008) opened up a whole new way to market and distribute software
• Independent developers vs. software giants
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
Overview
• Background on “apps”
• Academic Apps -- a working example
• Discussion
Thursday, 13 September 12
ECVP 2012 Academic Apps Ian Thornton
Academic App
Deliver scientific content by merging the concepts of an advanced e-book reader with a (fully) functional experimental task
Copyright�2004�Psychonomic�Society,�Inc. 38
Perception�&�Psychophysics2004,�66�(1),�38-50
This�article�introduces�a�new�task�for�exploring�the�se-quential�selection�of�multiple�target�items�during�search-like�behavior.�This�multi-item�localization�(MILO)�task�dif-fers�in�a�number�of�respects�from�traditional�visual�searchparadigms�and,�in�particular,�places�a�strong�emphasis�onthe�temporal,�as�well�as�the�spatial,�aspects�of�behavior.�Wewill�begin�by�describing�the�novel�features�of�the�MILOtask�and�will�discuss�some�of�the�theoretical�considerationsthat�gave�rise�to�them.�Next,�we�will�present�three�experi-ments�that�demonstrate�how�it�can�be�used�for�measuringhuman�performance.�We�will�conclude�by�discussing�theease�with�which�the�MILO�task�can�be�adapted�in�order�toaddress�a�wide�range�of�empirical�questions.�
The�main�features�of�the�MILO�task�are�illustrated�inFigure 1.�Observers�are�first�presented�with�a�trial-specific
alphabetical�sequence�of�target�items�(e.g.,�the�letters�E,�F,G,�and�H).�This�sequence�is�then�distributed�within�a�fieldof�four�additional�distracting�items,�two�preceding�and�twofollowing�the�target�sequence�(e.g.,�the�letters�C,�D,�I,�and�J).The�observers’�task�is�to�locate�each�target�in�alphabeticalorder�and�to�select�it,�using�the�mouse.�Each�trial�thus�yieldsN reaction�times�(RTs),�where N�refers�to�the�length�of�thetarget�sequence.�The�experiments�reported�below�all�makeuse�of�such�four-item�alphabetic�sequences.�However,�it�isimportant�to�point�out�that�the�task�parameters—that�is,sequence�type�(i.e.,�alphabetic,�numeric,�or�arbitrary),�se-quence�length,�sequence�complexity�(i.e.,�interitem�rela-tionships),�the�nature�and/or�number�of�distracting�items,the�ease�of�physically�selecting�items�(e.g.,�size�or�proxim-ity�of�items),�and�so�on—can�easily�and�systematically�bevaried. A�constant�stimulus�set�has�been�used�throughoutthis�article,�since�our�initial�goal�is�to�introduce�the�basicstructure�and�more�general�applications�of�the�task.
The�MILO�task�clearly�has�its�roots�in�the�well-known�vi-sual�search�paradigm.1�In�visual�search,�observers�are�askedto�report�on�some�property�of�a�designated�target�item�(e.g.,location�or�presence/absence)�presented�among�a�variableset�of�distracting�items.�Such�tasks�are�typically�designedso�that�each�trial�isolates�a�single�act�of�selection�in�theface�of�competition�from�the�distracting�items,�measuringa�single�response.�In�this�way,�we�have�learned�a�great�dealabout�the�basic�building�blocks�of�vision,�the�overall�orga-nization�of�visual�information�processing,�and�in�particu-lar,�the�relationship�between�vision�and�attention�(e.g.,�Dun-
The�authors�contributed�equally�to�this�research,�and�authorship�orderwas�determined�arbitrarily.�Thanks�are�extended�to�Richard�Abrams,�Ray-mond�Klein,�Cathleen�Moore,�Jay�Pratt,�Kimron�Shapiro,�Jeremy�Wolfe,and�an�anonymous�reviewer�for�useful�comments�and�suggestions�and�toGeorge�Alvarez,�Helga�Arsenio,�Serena�Butcher,�Megan�Hyle,�andStephan�Simon�for�assistance�with�data�collection.�Correspondence�maybe�addressed�to�either�author:�T. S.�Horowitz,�Center�for�Ophthalmic�Re-search,�Brigham�and�Women’s�Hospital,�64�Sidney�St.,�Suite�170,�Cam-bridge,�MA�02139�(e-mail:�[email protected])�or�I. M.�Thorn-ton,�Max�Planck�Institute�for�Biological�Cybernetics,�Spemannstrasse�38,72076�Tübingen,�Germany�(e-mail:�[email protected]).
Note—This�article�was�accepted�by�the�previous�editorial�team,headed�by�Neil�Macmillan.
The�multi-item�localization�(MILO)�task:Measuring�the�spatiotemporal
context�of�vision�for�action
IAN�M.�THORNTONMax�Planck�Institute�for�Biological�Cybernetics,�Tübingen,�Germany
and
TODD�S.�HOROWITZBrigham�and�Women’s�Hospital,�Boston,�Massachusetts
and�Harvard�Medical�School,�Boston,�Massachusetts
We�describe�a�new�multi-item�localization�task�that�can�be�used�to�probe�the�temporal and�spatialcontexts�of�search-like�behaviors.�A�sequence�of�four�target�letters�(e.g.,�E,�F,�G,�and�H)�was�presentedamong�four�distractor�letters.�Observers�located�the�targets�in�order.�Both�retrospective�and�prospec-tive�components�of�performance�were�examined.�The�retrospective�component�was�assessed�by�hav-ing�target�items�either�vanish�or�remain�once�they�had�been�located.�This�manipulation�had�little�effecton�search�performance,�suggesting�that�old�target�items�can�be�efficiently�ignored.�The�prospectivecomponent�was�assessed�by�shuffling�future�target�and�distractor�locations�after�each�response.�This�ma-nipulation�revealed�that�observers�typically�plan�ahead�at�least�one�target�into�the�future.�However,�evenwhen�observers�cannot�plan�ahead,�they�are�still�able�to�ignore�old�targets.�These�findings�suggest�thatboth�“what�you�did”�and�“what�you�intend�to�do”�can�influence�the�localization�and�selection�of�targets.
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Seri
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Shuffle! Baseline!
Thursday, 13 September 12