Academic and Professional Preparation for Careers in Sport ......• Similarly, sports nutritionists...

Academic and Professional Preparation for Careers in Sport Nutrition

Richard B. Kreider, PhD, FACSMProfessor & Chairf

Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabCenter for Exercise, Nutrition & Preventive Health

Department of Health, Human Performance & RecreationBaylor Universityy y

www3.baylor.edu/HHPR/ESNL

Academic and Professional Preparation for Careers in Sport NutritionCareers in Sport Nutrition

• OverviewOverview– Define Sport Nutrition– Discuss employment opportunities,

roles / responsibilities KSA’s androles / responsibilities, KSA s, and academic and professional preparation for practicing SN’sO i t f ll– Overview components of a college level sport nutrition program

– Discuss employment opportunities, l d ibiliti KSA’roles and responsibilities, KSA’s,

and academic and professional training for PhD trained sport

t iti i tnutritionists

Sport Nutrition pA multi-disciplinary field of study that incorporates exercise physiologyincorporates exercise physiology, nutrition, biochemistry, integrative physiology, and cell/molecular biology. Th fi ld f t t iti i l dThe field of sports nutrition includes an ‘applied’ aspect (i.e. the use of nutrition and/or dietary supplement strategies to enhance athletic performance or improve body composition) as well as a ‘basic’ science aspect (i.e. understanding thescience aspect (i.e. understanding the underlying biological mechanism(s) regarding the effect(s) of foods and/or supplements)supplements).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_nutrition

Sport NutritionSport Nutrition • Sports nutritionists tend to have

d d l b k dvaried educational backgrounds. • Many have formal training in the

field of exercise physiology as well i ias nutrition.

• The majority of academic research performed in the sports nutrition

d t l tand sports supplement area are conducted by Ph.D. level exercise physiologists.

• Traditionally the primary health• Traditionally, the primary health professional that dispenses ‘nutrition’ information is the registered dietitian or RD.registered dietitian or RD.


Sport Nutrition • However, the education of an RD

does not prepare him or her fordoes not prepare him or her for ‘Sports Nutrition’ due to the lack of academic training in exercise physiology; p y gy;

• Similarly, sports nutritionists do not have the broad background of registered dieticiansof registered dieticians.

• Sports nutritionists tend to specialize in working with certain athletes (e gcertain athletes (e.g. bodybuilders, endurance athletes, team sports [football, baseball etc])baseball, etc]).


Sport Nutrition p

• Employment Opportunities:Employment Opportunities: – Academia– Sports nutrition &

lsupplement companies– Professional / college

sports teamssports teams – Personal training or

performance centersd d l– Individual, group,

corporate, or legal consultation / writingg

Sport Nutrition p

• There is no professional lilicensure or standardized path to become a sportbecome a sport nutritionist

• Academic and professional preparation depends on prior academic trainingacademic training, anticipated job functions, roles, and/or goals

Sport NutritionistRoles/Functions

• Provide general nutritionalProvide general nutritional education to coaches and athletes for each sport

• Develop and supervise training table or train athletes personal cook

• Plan travel meals / snacks• Plan travel meals / snacks• Provide body composition and

performance assessment services• Consult with coaches and AT’s

about proper training, nutrition, and strength and body compositionstrength and body composition goals of athletes

Sport NutritionistRoles/Functions

• Provide individual weight• Provide individual weight management, eating disorder, and supplement counseling to pp gathletes

• Serve as a resource about latest training and nutrition advances

• Supervise student interns • Conduct basic and/or applied

performance enhancement research

Sport NutritionistKSA’s Needed

• Core knowledgeCore knowledge – Exercise physiology– Strength & conditioning– Nutrition

• Experience training a variety of athletesathletes

• Ability to conduct physical assessmentsassessments

• Knowledge of general nutritional guidelines for health, training, and performance

Sport NutritionistKSA’s Needed

U d d h i i• Understand how to optimize training & performance with nutritionAbilit t id f d• Ability to provide performance and nutrition education to groups and individualsAbilit to co nsel athletes based• Ability to counsel athletes based on goals, eating behaviors, and preferences

• Ability to work with coaches in• Ability to work with coaches in optimizing performance of athlete

• Respect from athletes and coachescoaches

Sport NutritionA d i T kAcademic Tracks

• Dietetics– Advantages

• Meal/Training table design• Develop individualized dietsp• Counsel athletes about eating

disorders– Disadvantagesg

• Clinical population emphasis• No formal EP training• Less understanding about strength & g g

conditioning • May not have athletic background• Harder to relate to physical and p y

psychological demands of high level training and competition

Sport NutritionA d i T kAcademic Tracks• Exercise Physiology

– AdvantagesAdvantages• Strong EP training• Good understanding strength &

conditioning • Typically have an athletic background• Can better relate to physical and

psychological demands of high level training and competitiontraining and competition

• Ability to conduct assessments to monitor progress

– Disadvantages• Less ability to plan meals and design

training table• Less ability to develop individualized

dietsdiets• May not feel comfortable counseling

athletes about eating disorders


• Many sports nutritionists obtain a y pdietetics undergraduate degree to become and RD and then obtain a MS degree in EPg

• Others obtain an undergraduate degree in EP or AT and a MS degree in dieteticsdietetics.

• Internships in S&C and sport nutrition provide practical experience working with individual athletes and teamswith individual athletes and teams

• Look for academic programs with good working relationships with S&C and

hlathletic teams

Sport NutritionpRecommended Coursework

• Anatomy & Physiology• Kinesiology

E i Ph i l

Content knowledge must be complimented with experience assessing• Exercise Physiology

• Exercise Testing & Prescription• Strength & Conditioning

experience assessing, educating, training, and counseling athletesg g

• General Nutrition• Sport Nutrition

h

Very few true sport nutrition programs

• Exercise Biochemistry• Research Methods• Internship in S&C and Sport

p g

www.scandpg.org/Internship in S&C and Sport Nutrition www.acsm.org (University listing)

Sport NutritionpProfessional Certification

• Sport Nutrition– ISSN - CISSN– ADA - Specialist in Sports

Dietetics (RD Only)

• Complimentary Certifications– NSCA – CSCS

NATA ATC– NATA - ATC– ACSM - HFI

Principles in Working with p gCoaches and Athletes • Must provide practical, honest,

and up to date information • Must earn respect of players p p y

and coaches• Must be available to provide

supportpp• Must be interested in

performance enhancement of players/teams not just

h t itiresearch opportunities• Must realize you are a

member of a performance h t tenhancement team

PerformanceA tAssessments• Nutritional Analysis

• Dietary Records• Training Table

• Body CompositionCardiop lmonar E ercise Testing• Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

• ECG/VO2 Max• VANT, LT

• Strength/Power TestsStrength/Power Tests• Wingate AC Testing• Isotonic & Isokinetic Assessment• Field Testing

• Blood Analyses • Scheduled at beginning of major

changes in training/seasonR lt h d ith S&C h• Results shared with S&C coaches, AT’s, and/or team coaches

Performance Enhancement Nutrition Education

• General Guidelines• Caloric and Macronutrient needs• Meal TimingMeal Timing• Hydration• Food Selection / Training Table

• Nutritional Supplements• Weight Gain• Weight LossWeight Loss• Ergogenic Nutrients• Education About Banned and/or

Dangerous SupplementsDangerous Supplements

Nutritional GuidelinesNutritional GuidelinesGeneral

• Eat an isoenergetic diet to maintain weight• Eat an isoenergetic diet to maintain weight• Carbohydrate (50-65% of calories)

• 5 – 8 g/kg/d during normal training• 8 – 10 g/kg/d during heavy training8 10 g/kg/d during heavy training

• Protein (15-20% of calories)• 1.0 – 1.5 g/kg/d light training• 1.5 - 2.0 g/kg/d during heavy trainingg g g y g

• Fat (25-30% of calories)• 0.5 – 1.5 g/kg/d

• Eat/snack 4-6 times a day • Make Good Food Choices (whole

grains/breads, pastas, vegetables, fruits, low-fat milk, non-fried foods, lean meats).

• Strength/Power athletes may be able to train well with lower carbohydrate (40-50%) and higher protein intake (20-30%)

Nutritional GuidelinesNutritional GuidelinesStrategic Eating / Meal Timing

• Pre-exercise meals (4-6 h)• Pre-exercise snack (30-60 min)( )• Sports Drinks During Exercise

(> 60 min)• CHO Gels/Bars at Half time• CHO Gels/Bars at Half-time• Post-exercise CHO/PRO

drink/bar • Post-exercise high CHO/PRO

meal• Scientifically-based safe &Scientifically based safe &

effective supplements

Fluid Intake GuidelinesFluid Intake Guidelines

Drink 4 6 c ps of ater before lea ing the• Drink 4-6 cups of water before leaving the dorm for practice.

• When arriving at practice, drink 1 cup of sports drinks and 1 cup of watersports drinks and 1 cup of water.

• Drink as often as you can during practice. • Do not depend on thirst to regulate fluid

intake.intake. • Drink 2 - 4 cups of water or sports drinks

every water break whether you are thirsty or not!

• You need to drink more fluid the hotter and more humid it is during practice.

• Drink a carbohydrate/protein shake or eat b ft ti t ti ian energy bar after practice to optimize

recovery.

Fluid Intake Guidelines

• Monitor pre and post-practice body weight to determine if an adequateweight to determine if an adequate amount of fluid was ingested.

• You should try not lose more than 2% of body weight (4-6 lbs) with y g ( )each practice.

• Loss of 3% (6-9 lbs) or more may require medical attention.

• Drink 3 cups of sports drink and/or water for every 1 pound that you lost during practice.

• Add salt to your diet to improve fluid• Add salt to your diet to improve fluid retention during exercise in the heat.

• Try to regain the majority of weight lost before the next practice. p

Sport Nutrition Program

• All recommendations must

gConsiderations

• All recommendations must comply with athletic governing body regulationsg g y g

• Recommendations must be reasonable and fit within b d t id libudget guidelines

• At times, prudent recommendations may notrecommendations may not be able to be implemented due to governing body

t i tirestrictions

NCAA Restrictions(c) Training-Table Meals.

– An institution may provide only one training-table meal per day to t d t thl t d i th d i th d ha student-athlete during the academic year on those days when

regular institutional dining facilities are open; (Adopted: 1/10/91 effective 8/1/96, Revised: 11/1/01 effective 8/1/02)

(d) Meals Incidental to Participation. – Student-athletes who are not receiving athletically related financial

aid (e.g., walk-ons) may receive the benefit of a training-table meal during the permissible playing and practice season in those instances in which the student-athlete's schedule is affected by involvement in practice activities provided the student athleteby involvement in practice activities, provided the student-athlete previously has paid for the same meal (e.g., dinner) at an institutional dining facility. Further, all student-athletes are permitted to receive a pregame meal as a benefit incidental to participation and all student-athletes are permitted to receive p p pmeals at the institution's discretion from the time the student-athlete reports on call (at the direction of the student-athlete's coach or comparable authority) and becomes involved in competition-related activities to the end of competition and the release by the appropriate institutional authority An institution at its discretionappropriate institutional authority. An institution, at its discretion, may provide cash, not to exceed $10, in lieu of a meal to student-athletes following home and away-from-home contests; (Revised: 4/25/02, 4/29/04)

NCAA Restrictions

g) Nutritional Supplements. – An institution may provide only nonmuscle-building– An institution may provide only nonmuscle-building

nutritional supplements to a student-athlete at any time for the purpose of providing additional calories and electrolytes, provided the supplements do not contain any NCAA bannedprovided the supplements do not contain any NCAA banned substances. Permissible nonmuscle-building nutritional supplements are identified according to the following classes: Carbohydrate/electrolyte drinks, energy bars, carbohydrate boosters and vitamins and minerals.(Adopted: 4/27/00 effective 8/1/00, Revised: 11/1/01 effective 8/1/02)

NCAA RestrictionsNCAA RestrictionsBylaw 16.5.2.2 – Permissible Nutritional Supplements (Adopted: 4/27/00 effective 8/1/00, Revised: 11/1/01 effective 8/1/02)

• Nonpermissible– Amino acids– Chrysin– Chrysin– Condroitin– Creatine/creatine-containing

compounds– Ginseng– Glucosamine– Glycerol

HMB– HMB– I-carnitin (sic)– Melatonin– Pos-2 http://www.ncaa.org/sports sciences/education/– Protein powders– Tribulus

p g p _nutritional_supplements.html

Dealing with NCAA Supplement Restrictions

• Teams can provide one-meal per day of a training tabletraining table

• Training tables/meal services can provide energy bars and other snacks to athletes to carry outcarry out

• Primary focus should be on good diet foundation and proper meal timing

• Unlimited use of “non-muscle building” gsupplements prior to, during, and after practices/games

• Athletes can purchase non-banned l t th isupplements on their own

• Recommend providing guidance on product purchases and/or supervision when taking non-banned “non-permissible” supplementsnon-banned non-permissible supplements

Performance Enhancement Nutrition Program

• Stress high CHO, nutrient dense, isoenergetic diet

• Daily multi-vitamin (with iron for women)Daily multi vitamin (with iron for women)• Taper & CHO load before competition• Pre-practice snack with compliant energy

bars/drinks/shake• Water and GES during exercise• Post-practice snack with compliant energy

bars/drinks/shake • Evening snacks or compliant energy• Evening snacks or compliant energy

bar/shake• Sport specific use of effective and non-

banned ergogenic aids


• Strength/Power/Sprint Athletes• Strength/Power/Sprint Athletes– Moderate to High CHO/PRO diet– Water/GES– Post-Exercise PRO

Creatine*– Creatine– Β-alanine *– Bicarbonate *– Sodium Phosphate *

• Endurance Athletes– High CHO diet/CHO loading – Water/GES– CaffeineCaffeine– Sodium Phosphate * – Glycerol (Dehydration)*– Creatine *

* Must purchase on own


• Possible Anticatabolic Nutrients• Creatine *• HMB *• HMB • L-carnitine *

• Possible Immunoenhancing Nutrients• Vitamin C• Zinc• Glutamine *• Post-Exercise Protein *• Echinacea *

* Must purchase on own

Doctoral Trained S t N t iti i tSport NutritionistOpportunities

• University Teaching & y gResearch

• R&D Director / Product Development for Industry

• Director of Performance Enhancement Center

• Writing/Speaking


• Exercise Physiology / Exercise Science– Primarily focused on EP– May have 1-2 professors who

specialize in metabolism and/orspecialize in metabolism and/or nutritional interventions with athletes

• Nutritional SciencesM t f d b i t iti– Most focused on basic nutrition

– May not have a faculty member focus on sport or athletics

• Exercise / Nutrition / Health / Wellness– Limited number of programs that

attempt to integrate exercise andattempt to integrate exercise and nutrition

Doctoral TrainedSport NutritionistSport NutritionistKSA’s Needed

C k l d• Core knowledge – Biochemistry – Molecular Biology– Human & Exercise PhysiologyHuman & Exercise Physiology – Nutrition– Exercise Programming for Healthy,

Disease, and Performance Exercise Nutrition and Clinical– Exercise, Nutrition, and Clinical Research Methods & Design

– Statistics– Write grants

P bli h R h– Publish Research– Present Papers/Educate Public

• Ability to organize clinical trials, conduct physical and biochemical assessments, p y ,analyze data, and publish results

Doctoral Trained Sport NutritionistC d S lConsiderations in Selecting a Program

• Identification of a faculty mentorIdentification of a faculty mentor• Research interests capabilities• Course availability y• Program requirements• Program length• Assistantship opportunities &

responsibilities• Expected productivity• Expected productivity• Professional Opportunities• Success of prior students obtainingSuccess of prior students obtaining

jobs

Doctoral TrainedS t N t iti i tSport NutritionistBaylor ENPH Program

Mission

To train researchers to conduct interdisciplinary clinically based research focusing on the role of

i d t iti h lth diexercise and nutrition on health, disease, rehabilitation, and performance in order to improve quality of lifeimprove quality of life.

www.baylor.edu/HHPR

Doctoral TrainedSport NutritionistSport NutritionistBaylor ENPH Program

P R i i• Pre-Requisites– Anatomy & Physiology– Chemistry / Biochemistry– Nutrition– Kinesiology– Exercise Physiology

• Statistics Core (15 hours)• Research Methods Core (12 hours)

– Exercise Nutrition– Exercise Nutrition– Exercise Rehabilitation– Preventive Health

R h / Cli i l R t ti• Research / Clinical Rotations (3-6 hours) www.baylor.edu/HHPR


• Exercise Nutrition Emphasis (18-21 hours)– ENH 6320 - Nutritional Biochemistry (3)– ENH 6322 - Exercise, Nutrition, and Endocrinology (3)– ENH 6324 - Muscle Physiology & Metabolism (3)– ENH 6326 - Advanced Nutrition I: Macronutrients, Exercise, & Health (3)– ENH 6328 - Advanced Nutrition II: Micronutrients, Exercise, & Health (3)– ENH 6330 - Obesity & Weight Management (3) ory g g ( )

FCS 5351 – Nutrition and Aging (3)• Guided Electives (15-18 hours)• Dissertation (12-18 hours)

E h i l ff d i

Content knowledge must be complimented with experience

• Emphasis areas also offered in:– Exercise Rehabilitation– Preventive Health

p pwriting grants, conducting basic and applied research; presenting research findings; publishing; and teaching / educating students and athletes. www.baylor.edu/HHPR


• Knowledge must be complimented with experience:experience:

• Writing proposals and grants• Conducting basic and applied research

P i h fi di• Presenting research findings• Publishing research in scientific journals• Writing lay articles to educate public• Teaching• Working with students and athletes • Professional engagement/involvementProfessional engagement/involvement

Sport Nutrition p

• Sport nutritionists who work with athletes and/or teams typically have degrees in dietetics and EP/AT; hold certifications by ISSN NSCA ACSM NATA and/orcertifications by ISSN, NSCA, ACSM, NATA, and/or ADA; and have experience training, assessing, and counseling athletes

• Sports nutrition researchers typically hold PhD degrees in nutrition, EP, or exercise/nutrition/wellness and serve as faculty members or RD directors f y

• Careers in sport nutrition are evolving and can be rewarding if you obtain necessary academic and

f i l t i iprofessional training

Reaching the world through exercise, nutrition, and preventive health research!

Richard [email protected]

, p

_ @ ywww3.baylor.edu/HHPR/ESNL

Academic and Professional Preparation for Careers in Sport ......• Similarly, sports nutritionists...

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