1400

relative 10 phcsphatldylchoflne. and that these phcspherides are brokendown in the order phosphntldyletbanclamlnc (PE) > pbosphatldyllnositol(PI) > phosphatidic acid (PA) with increasing temperature. At 175°C, theheating time required 10 degrade the nonchctme phosphatides wasbetwun 30 and 60 min. Diglycerides were the principle products of ther-malizarlcn M 77% of the total material. indicating that the 3-phosphoesterlinkage is the most heat-labile portion of the ncncncnne phosphatidemolecules. Cleavage of the futty acids from positions I end 2 of llle pbos-phatides was minimal. II.'l indicated by the relatively low lIII10unt of freefatty acids (8% of the tOlal) when the lecithin was heated al Iwoe for 90min. The oppearnnce of brown dlscclorurlun. characteristic of heatedlecithin. coincided mainly with the decomposition of PE.(JAOeS 7/, 1195-1199 (1994)]

ABSTRACTS FROM AOCS JOURNALS

Preparation or Fany Add Meth)"1 Esters for Ga.s-ChrumlltographicAnal}"Sls or Llplds In Biologl~al Materials. Ke-Shun Liu. Soyfood Labo-ratory. Jacob HanOI.Seed Co .. Inc .. Stuugan. Arkansas 72160.

Theoretically, preparation of falty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) dealswith reversible chemical reactions in a complex system. Methodological-ly. there are numerous ways. generally characterized by tnc type of cata-lysts used and steps involved. Although there are mere than II half dozencommon catalysts. the majority fall into either acidic (HCI. H2S04 andBF3) or alkaline types (NaOCH3' KOH and NaOH). with each having itsown catalytic capability and application limitations. In terms of steps,many conventional methods. including those officially recognized. consistof drying. digestion, extraction. purification. alkaline hydrolysis. trans-methylation/methylation and post-reaction work-up. Although these meth-ods are capable of providing reliable estimates if some: precautions aretaken. they are cumbersome. rlrre-ccnsumlng and cost-inefficient. A newapproach has been to trensrneehylate lipids in situ. Due: to its simplicity.high sensitivity. comparable reliability and capability to detennine 10101fatty acids. tile method of direct transmethylation is finding 0 unique placein lipid determination. Regardless of which method is used. quantitalivemethylation requires chemists to take precautions al e\'ery step involved.particularly during FAME formation and subsequent recovery steps. Evi·dently. there is an urgent need for more systematic studies. guided by thechemical principle of reactions involved and physicochemical propertiesof regents lind end product.<;. into facton affecting these steps. Hopefully.this will lead to an improved method. which measures lipid compositionin biological materials not only with high accuracy but atso with high effi-ciency and minimum costs.IJAOCS 7J. 1179--1187 (1994)1

Errect of Ellmction Systems on the Quality or Virgin Oli"e Oil. L. DiGiovacchino. M. Sotinas enu M, Miccoli. rsnunc Spcrimemale per 10Elalotecnlca. 65013 Cil!~ S. Angelo (PE). Italy.

Research has been carried out to ascertain the effects of dlfferem pro-cessing systems on olive oil quality. Tests were performed in industrial oilmills thot were equipped with both pressure and centrifugation systems.Results show that oils extracted from good-quality olives do not differ in(I« fatty acids. peroxide value. ultraviolet absorption lind organolepticproperties. Polyphenols and o-diphenols contents and induction times arehigher in oils obtained from good-quality olives by the pressure systembecause it does not require addition of water 10 the olive paste. The cen-trifugation system requires the addition of warm water to the olive pasteand helps to obtain oils with 1\ lower content of natural antioxidants. Oilsobtained from poor-quality or from ripe olives in continuous centrifugalplants are lower in free fauy acids than those obtained by the pressun: sys-tem.!JADeS 71. 1189-1194 (]994)]

Preferential Degradation or Nonchctlne PhosphaUdes in SoybeanLecithin by Thermalizatlon. John D. wecte. Department of Botany andMicrobiQlollY. Auburn Univtn;ity, Aubunl. Atabama 36849.

Purified soybean lecithin and the gum deri\'ed from !iQ)'bean oil pre-cessing wen: heated separately in bull.; lit 125 to 200·C f(ll" 60 min. or Dt115~C for 30. 60. 90 and 120 min. lind the products were analyzed bythin-layer chromatography nnd high-performance liquid chromatcgmphy,]t was found thai the noncholine phosphatide$ are preferentially degraded

Functional Properties of Protein Eltrllcted from Flaked, Defatted,Wbole Corn b)' EthlinoVAlklili During Sequential Exll'llction Process-ing. Deland J. Myers. Milagros P. Hojilla-Evangelista and Lawrence A.Johnson. Center for Crops Utilization Research and the Department ofFood Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa Stille University, Ames, Iowa50011-1060.

Functional properties (solubility. foaming capacity and stability. emul-sifying capacity. emulsion stability. heat coagulability. heat gelation andfilm formation) of protein extracted by 45% ethanoV55% 0.1 M NaOHfrom naked. derailed. undegermed com during the Sequential ExtractionProcess (SEP) were evaluated and compared with those of a tebcrarcry-prepared soy protein concentrate. SEP is p new approach to com fraction-ation that recycles the ethanol produced from the fenncntation of com-starch to upstream steps of protein extraction lind the simultaneous UIIlIC-tion of corn oil and dehydration of the ethanol. Freeze-dried com prOleinextracts contained al least 80% crude protein (dry basis). which is indica-tive of protein concentrates. SEP protein coreeerrares hnd solubilities inwater of grealer than 110% at pH values of 7 or above and were signili-camly more soluble than the soy protein concentrate at pH above 3. SEPcorn proteins also showed better heat stabilities and greater emulsifyingcapacities and emulsion Stabilities. Dilute dispersions (0.1%) of corn pro-tein produced substantial but less stable foams. Com proteins producedfilms similar \0 zein and soy protein films but wen: unable to form heal-induced gels. These n:suhs indicate that SEP produces a protein ccncen-irate with functional properties suitable for food and industrial uses.IJADeS 71.1201-1204 (1994)J

Use or Cyclic Anhydrides to Remon! Cholesterol and Other HydroxyCompounds rrom Fats and Oils. Y.-F. Gu, Y. Chen and E.G. Hammond.Depllflment Qf Food Science and Human Nutrition and Center for CropsUtilization Research. Iowa State Unlversay, Ames. Iowa 50011.

A method for removing cholesterol from animal fats has been devel-oped based on the reaction between the hydroxyl group of cholesterol andcyclic anhydrides. The reaction forms monoeslers with ocyl chains havinga terminal free acid group. The conversion of cholesterol into an acidderivative makes it possible to remove the cholesterol from falll byextraC-tion with aqueous alkali. A study oftbe reaction in model systems showedthat optimal conditions were a molar ratio of chelesrerolrc succinic anhy-dride of 1:3 at 135"C Ior several hours. Acid catalysts increased the rateof tile reacnon, and acetic acid was selected not only because of its eBt~elytic power but also because its renux prevented the distillation of thecyclic anhydride from the reecuon mixture. If all the cyclic anhydride wasadded at the beginning of the reaction. animal fats such as lard. tallow andmilk fats were reduced in their chole..<terol cQntem by aooul 40%. A studyQf the reaclion mcchan;$m shQwed Ihm the cootesterot reduct;"" eQuId beincreased to 60-70% by attering tnc amount and the addition sequence ofcyclic anhydride. The effectiveness of acid catalysts was related inverselyto the negative logarithm of their acid dissociation constant (pK), but astheir effectiveness increased. so did their tendency to rorm other. unwam-

INFORM, Vol. 5, no. 12 (December 1994)

lAOl

eel esters of cholesterol. A mixlU~ of mcnoethyl fumarate IlJJd acetic acidsped the reaction. ccmpased with acetic acid alone. with minimal forma-tion of ehole5lcryl acetate. Studie!J with '4(:-chole5terol $bowed Iinle for-mation of prodllC15 alba than chokstcryJ hcmisl.ltCimllC dwinl!l 1M eeee-lion. The procedure removed some of the: IOCOphc:roI from the: rat but hadDO other deleCtable effCC1 on fat stability. The procedure also can be usedto toneentr'B1e the lactone ~lIrwn from milk faL[JAOCS 71. 1205-1209 (1994))

Separation of Vitamin E and '1"0ryunols from JUce Bran by Nanna!-Pbaw Chromalognphf. Moostapha Diack and Michael Saska. AudubonSugl! InstillltefSugar Station. Louisiana State University AgriculturalCenter, 8alon Rooge. Louisiana 70803.

Five commercial silicas [NoVl·Pak. ~PQnlSil (WateR, Milford. MA),Kremasil (Eka Nobel. Bohus, Sweden). Spherisorb (Sigmn. 51. Louis,MO) and Selecl-KP (BiOlage. Charlottesville, VA)] were tested for theirefficiency in separating vitamin E and y-oryzanol components fromsaponified rice bran extracts. with the perspective of future large-scalepurirication of the various compounds. The effects of mobile phase com-position, eluent flow rate, column tempenr.ture and the physical propertiesof the silica on the selectivity and analysis time were studied. All silicasexcept Select-KP gave baseline separation of the viwnin E componentswith isooctllne/ethyl acetate (97.5:2.5) It room temperature. However,only tnc 4·~m Nova-Palt spherical silica gave adequa~ resolution of theoryunob into two distinct fractions with an analysis time of circa 20 min.Othocr analytical conditions. i.e .. the content of the polar modifier in themobile phase, temperature and flow rllte, can be used to opIimiu the sep-aration once the silica had been chosen. Speed of sepanr.tioo is enhancedby increasing the polarity of the eluent, temperature and flow rllte. whilet!x sekctivity is reduced only Iligluly. The Nova-Pal silicl appean rests-tant to deactivation from both residual water in the mobile phase andpolar components left over after sample clean-up and is suitable forprepllnuive separation oft!x w-gel compounds.[JAOCS 71. 1211-1217 (1994)J

SeparatIon of Molecular Species of cis· and tro"s·TJiacylglyeerols introllS·HardenOO ConfedlOlitry Fats by SIIHr-Ion H1&h-PerfonnanceLiquId Chromatography. K.W. Smith, J.M. Perkins, B.SJ. Jeffrey andD.L. Phillips. Ifnilever Research Laboratory. Colworth House, Sham-brook. Bedford MK44 ILQ. United Kingdom.

Silver-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on sil-ver nitrate-loaded silica achieves incomplete separation of major lriacyl-glycerol (TAO) classes present in truns-hllTdened fats. The "ChromSpherLipids" silver-loaded cation exchange HPLC column has been found 10

yield a:ood separations of IrallS-hardened TAO. with molecular specieswell resolved. Separations comparable to those previously possible foroonhardeocd rau ~ DOW possible for frans-hatdcned fats. The separationis on the basis of number IIIJd type (t,e. cWl'rallS) of double bonds only:the position of the double bond along the ICYI group appell'S not to influ-ence the separation signifICantly. 1be an.alysis of II palm fn.ction. hard-ened to a slip mching point of 37"<: and chemically randomized, is pre-sented as an example. This technique offers a new approach to under-standing and controlling tbe hydTOJenation and processing of lrans-hard-ened fats.(JAOCS 7/, 1219--1222 (1994)]

Pol)'meriutlon of Vegellble 0115 and Their Uses in Printing Inks.S.Z. Erhan and M.O. Bagby. NCAUR, ARS. USDA. Peoria, Illinois61604.

Ink vehicles were prepared by the polymerizatlon of vegetable oils.By controlling the polymcril.ation conditions. the desired viscosily, colorand molecular weight could be echleved for a variety of vegetable oils

with a broad range of iodine values and fOlly add compositions. Theeffect of temperal~ and catalyst on polymerization nr.tes were evaluated,IIIJd polymeriutioo. rate conslailts were calculated. Of the oils tested, thepoIymeriZllion rate COIWIInI of samOwel' oil was the highest. followed bysoybean. 5unnowu, COUOIISttd and canol. oils in decreasing order. Use of• catalyst shortened the heating time by .boul 2S-SO% or lowered thepolymcriution temperature requirement by 2S-3O"C.[JAOCS 7J. 1223-1226 (1994)]

PnplITlltJon of Glycol Derivlth'es of P.rtially H)'drogenaled SoybeanOil Filly Adds and Their Potential IS Lubricants. Hemendn N. Basu,Ellen M. Robley and Max E. Norris, Agricultttnll Utilization ResearchInstitute, OiiJ Resean:h Laboratory. Mllr5hall, Minnesota 56138.

Glycol dieslers and mixtures of mono- and diesters have been pre-pared from methyl esters of partially hydrogenated soybean oil fally eetdsend diethylene. dipropylene. neopenlyl und trlethylene glycols. The CBIB-lyst used in these reactions was n mixture of calcium acetate/bariumacetate (3: I, wlw). The reactions were carried OUI under nitrogen with0.5% catalyst Bt temperatures in the range of 190--275"C. Berated estersof mixed mono- and dlesters were prepared with 0.33 equivalent of boricacid per 1.0 equivalent hydroxyl group on the ester, Refractive indices,viscosities •• nd flash and fire poinLl were detennined for dlesers. mixed!IlOIlO- and diestcrs, and mixed diesters Ind borated esters. 1be viSCOllities,flash points and lire points indicate thallhese esters can be used U I corn-ponent of lubricating oils. wear-prevention characteristics of mixeddlesrers and borated esters indicated that tncy can he used as antifrictionadditives in lubricating oils.IJAOCS 7/,1227-1230(1994)]

Sdec:clvlt)' Control in Substituted Fatty Amirws Synthesis rrum &tenor Nltriles In the Pteseeee or BIfunctional Catalysts. J. BarnultD. S.BrunctD, N. Suppo-EssayeJItl. A. PiccirilliQ and C. GuilTlOllb, 0Labon!.toire de Calalyse, URA CNRS 350. ESlP. 86022 Pohiers Cedex. Fnr.nceand bLaboratoire de Phystccchimte Moleculaire. URA CNRS. 474,64000 Pau, France.

Copper cbromlte-type eatalYSI5. supported by alumina or graphite andpromoted with barium, were used for the one'Step synthe~i~ of tenil/)'fallY amines [R2NCH3 or RN(CH»21 from ester. acid or nitrile andamlTlOllia. methanol and hydrogen. 11Ie surface composition of the catl·lysts, studied by X·nr.y photoelectron spectroscopy and by adsorptionexperiments, showed that there was a correlation between selectivity andthe presence of Dwell-dispersed CuCr02 phase. stabilized with barium.Moreover. the elements inOuencing the SUlbility of the copper call1lys\swere also studied. and the promoter orland the support increased the cop-per surface atea and the stability of the catalyst in the presence of water orammonia.jJAOCS 71. 1231-123g (1994)]

Nonl'ollltlk Components Produced in TrIolein During Deep-Fat Fry·ing. Steven L. Hansen, Michoclle R. Myers and William E. Artz, Depart-ment of Food Science. Urbana, illinois 61801-4726.

Triolein was heated at 190°C (375°F) in a deep-fat fryer for 12hfday until high-perfonnance sizc-cxclusion chrollllltography indicatedpolymer formation had exceeded 20%. Increases in the free fatty acid.lotll .cid value. food oil sensor and p-.nisidine values upon heatina:indicated that thermal oxidation and degradalion of triolein hidoccurred. Afler the initial nmple (dly 0). the peroxide valuudecreased to very low values. The amount of polymeric triacylglycerolmaterial increased during heating. Linear regression analysis of percentpolymer VI. heating time indicated that the sample would contain :!.20%polymers after 51.1 h of heating. Capillary supercritic.l fluid chro-matOiT1lphy (SFC) was used to determine the percentage of triolein

INFORM, Vol. 5, no. 12 (December 1994)

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eride .....ith a diesel fuel. tricaproln (C6:0). and Iricaprylin (C8:0) weredetermined for the temperature range -~ to 8S·C and roc shear 11Ite!i of1.62-64.75.1. The resulting dynamic viscosities were Ih to a power lawmodel (0 obtain values for the consistency coeffK:ient and the flow behav·ior index, These results indicated slightly pseudcplastic flow behavior(indices runge<! from 0.94 100.99) for tributryin and its mixtures. The cal-culated consistency ceeffieiems for tributyrin and those previouslyobtained for Iricaproin. rricaprylin and me.prin were iiI by a jeee-squeesmethod \0 the three-parameter '-\:)gel model to account for the effect oftemperature. An ideal solution relationship and the Kendall-Monroemodel were used 10 predict the density and consistency coefficient ••respectively, for binary and quaternary mixtures of these low-molecularweight triglyceri~.tJAOCS 71,1261-1265 (1994)J

ABSTRACTS FROM AOCS JOURNALS

remaining after 12. 24. 36. 48 and 60 h of heating, which was 68.6.53.9.35.9.33.0 and 19.0'l>. respectively. The avelll,ge reaction rate con-stint (apperem first-order) for the change in triolein concentration,SFC. during healing was 0.0256:l 0.0011 h·l.[JAOCS 71. 1239-1243 (Im)J

Antioxidant Conslltut'nts ot l'eanut Oil. A.G. Gopala Krishna and J.Y.Prabllakar. Depanment of Lipid Technology. Central Food TechnologicalRe5('arch Institute. My~570013.]ndia.

1lie components responsible for inaused stability of raw peanut oilII a high retauve humidity (RH) of 91% were e:umined in peanut oil andmethyl llnoleate systems. Of the constituents. the native gums. whichwere mostly phospholipids and glyrolipids. showed increased antiOlCidantacuvhy at 91 % RH. The isolated components of the gums. namely phos-pholipids and glycolipid', ~howed increased amicxidaru activity at 91%RH. The isolated components orthe gums. namely phospholipids and gly·coIipids, were p!'OOlCiciantindividually or in combination. Tocopherols didnot Ihow illCretied aDtio:lidanl Kllvity at 91% RH.(JAoeS 71.1245--1249 (1994)1

Oddath'(' Stabtllty of gunncwer Oil Extracted wilh Supe~rlllclilCarbon Dloxidt'. L, Calvo"', MJ. Coeenfl and J.M. Ore:tb. lIDepanmentof Chemical Engineering. FllCtlltad de Ciencias and bt.abonltario de Tk·nicas Instrumentalcs, Unh'ersidad de VailadoIid, 47011 Valladolid. Spain.

Extraction of ellseeds with supem'itical cmbOll dio;lide (SC-C0:2) is.promising technique to obtain vegetable oils. HO\II·e\'('r. instability of suchoils has been associated in the past with SC,CD:l extraction, The reasonsunderlying such instability were unclear. Results presented here suggestthat oil instability may be relmed to the m:ygen content of C02' In fact.oil stability decreases sharply when refined oil (addiuve- free) is reoexttacted with SC-COZ and can be related to the oxygen conreet in lheC02' Nevertheless. oil It ability could be impro\'ed to the jevel of conven-tionally extracted oil by lidding trace amounlJ of ascorbic acid.(JAOCS71.1251-l2S4(I994)J

Cryshdllz.aUon ~ha\'I(lr or lIydrogcnatl'd Sunnowenetd Oil: Kmer-Ics And ]'olymorphlsm. M.L. Herrero. Centro de Investigacicn y Desar-rollo en Criotecnologfa de Aiimentos. 1900 La I'lata. Argentina,

Kinetics of crystalli13tion of hydrogenated sunflo werseed oil wasstudied by ITIClInsof an optical method. Two different aspects ....ere exam-ined: the effccts of pn:heuting of the molten liquid on induction lime ofisothermal crystalli1.ution and the effects of cooling rate on the crystallize-rlon behavior, Induction lime for crystallization was markedly dependenton the crystalliznrlon tcmperuwre and the cooling rule selected, Morphol-ogy. polymorphism and chemical composition of the crystals were exam-ined. At all crystalli1.lltion temperatures. P'-form WIlS found for the Firstoccurring crystals. Long spacings were also similar in all cases and corre-sponded to a double chainlcngth arrangement. The chemical compositionof the crystals sho\1.·ed no diffcrences at either cooling rote. However. themelting behavior was different. At a slow cooling rate. fractionationoccurred. and differential scanning odorimetry diugraJm had a broad sec-ond endotherm with three peaks. none of which were completelyresolved. The polymorphic tnmsfonnation m!e from W to P was slowerwhen induction times were longer.(JAOCS 71. 1255--1260(lm)]

Density and Viscosity or Low_Molecular Weight Trigl)'cerid~ andTheir Mixturrs. Mark A. EitelOlln and Jonn W. Goodrum. Depanment ofBiological and Agricultural Engineering. Univenity of Georgia. Athens.Georgia 30602.

The viscositi('$ of tributyrin (C4:0) and binary mixtures of this !riglye-

Klnetks of the Kn::is Te!it Through Response Surface Methodolog)·.ShanLlli NlIIlISimlilln, G.K. SIlJ'\.~ Mangala. A.K. Vasamh Kumar. NaginChand III1d O. Rajalakshmi. Department of Sensory Analysis and Suuisti-cal Services. Centrll Food Technological Research Institute.Mysore-570 013 Kamataka. India.

The Kll'is test is one ofthc procedures for early detection of oxidativeprOOucts of fats and oils. 11lc reaction is complicated. sensitive and eon-tinuous. The kinetici of the Kreis lest have been studied as a function ofIl'agcnt. phloroglucinol. oil quality and incubation period for three oilswhh diffell'nt fally acid profi1cs. SIOrtlge life and presence of compounds(lIher than lrigl}'a'rides. A central composite rotatable design with eachfactor at Iiee le\"('ls required 20 cxpcrimenl5 for each oil. The resuus ofuperiments carried out in duplicate have been examined by analysis ofvllfiance. and polynomials of appropriate degree .....cre filled 10 the data.The polyhedron search method was used to compute optimum conditionsfor carrying out the test for each oil. Three-dimensional graphs well' gen-crnted to bring out the differences in the oil~ and the killC'tics for each oil.Through "compromised" optimi~ed conditions have been reported. therewns indicote the necessity of more detailed in"C5Iigation into the reac-tion.(JAOeS 71. 1267-1271 (199·m

El'III)Oratil'e Light S(IItttring Mass DeIet.11on ror High·PerfomlllnCeLiquid Chromatographic Anal)'sls nr Sucrose Polyester Blends InCooking Oils. G. William ChlUC Jr.a. Ceslmlr C. Akohb and Ronald R.Eitcnmillcrb. (IUS FDA. Atlanta. Georgia. 30309 and &rbe University ofGeorgio. Department of Food Science and T«hnology, Athens. Georgia.306OZ·7610.

A high-performunce liquid chromatographic method is described todetermine the sucrose polyester (SPE) content in seven blends of cookingoils. Four gel-perrueatlon chromatography (GI'C) columns were used Insenes with an evaporative light scattering mass det«tor 10 separate theSI'E from the acylgJycerols in the final chromatogram. The SPE fractionwas collected off the GPC column and injected onto a reverse-phase C·IScolumn for quanrlunien whh sucrose: OCUI3Cetateas an internal stllndanland a gradient of nonaqueous solvents as mobile phase. The chro-marograms were interference-free. with only IWOsharp peaks appearing.The standards were llnear from 500 to 5000 .,glmL with a correlationcoefficient of r = o.m. The mean percent recovery (n = 9) and slIIndarddeviation were 102 :I: 6.7. 11lc detcctor could detect amounlJi as low as 5

"'i SPE.(JAOeS 71.1273-1276 (1m)]

Upa.w·Catalyud Inco,-ponllion or n.J Polyunsatunltoo Fally AddsInto Vt'geillble Oils. Kuan·hsiang Huang and Casimir C. Akoh. Depan-ment of Food Science and Technology. Food Science Building. The Uni-Ya'Sity of Geo.xia. Athens, Geo.xia 30602·7610.

INFORM, Vol. 5. no. 12 (December 1994)

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The ability of immobilized lipases IM60 from M,wor mieh~i andSP4)5 from Candida antarctica \0 modify the fany acid composition ofselected vegetable oils by incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated fnll)'acids into the vegetable oils was studied. The transestertflcatlon wascarried OUI in organic solvent with free acid and ethyl esters of eiccs-apentaenolc acid (EPA) and docosehexaencic acid (DHA) as acyldonors. With free EPA as acyl donor. IMOO gave higher incorporationof EPA than SP435. However, when ethyl esters of EPA and DHA wen:the acyl donors, SP435 gave higher incorporation of EPA and DHAthan IM60. When (MOO and free acid were used, the addition of 5 p l,water increased EPA incorporation into soybean oil by 4.9%. Withethyl ester of EPA as acyl donor, addition of 2 jJ.L water increased EPAincorporation by 3.9'1>. For SP43S. addition of water up to 2 ilL result-ed in Increased EPA incorporation. but the incorporation declined whenthe added water exceeded this amount. The addition o( water Increasedthe EPA incorporation into Trlsun 90 after 24 h reaction but nor thereaction rate at early stages of the reaction.[JA.OeS 71. 1217-1280 (1994)]

Intnaction or Soy lsoI.ale with Polysaccharide and Its Errecc on FilmProoernes. Frederi<:k F. Shih. SRRC. New Orleans. Louisiana 70179.

When soy isolate was mixed with sodium alginate. the two polymersinteracted to (orm electrostatic complexes. They also formed varyingdegrees of covalent bonding. depending on reaction time and the presenceQI" absence of the reducing agent sodium cyaooborohydride. On the otherhand. soy isolate and propyleneglycol alginate (PGA) formed mostlycovalent complexes at alkaline pH. The interaction of soy protein withpolysaccharide maintained or improved its solubility and cmulsifying!lCtivity. particularly when covalcnt bonds were involved. The a1kylatedcomplexes also showed beller film-making properties. However. pro-tein-PGA films were more readily formed and had greater stability inwater than the protein-alginate films.[JAOes 71, 1281-128S (1994)1

Errect of Saline Irrigation Water on Olive Oil Composition. M.A. EI-Agoimya. W.E. Nefra. M. EI_Sayedb and 1.1. AwatifC. aUSDA. ARS.NCAUR. Food Quality and Safety, Peoria, Illinois 61604, eon-,Research Department, Horticulture Resean:h Institute and COils and FatsResearch Section. Food Technology Research Institute, AgricuhureResearch Center. Giza. Egypt.

Virgin olive oils were obtained in Egypt from fruits of olive treesirrigated with waters of different salinity ccncemraucn (COntrol. 1800.3600 and 6000 ppm) during the 1992 season. The effect of water salin-ity on olive oil (ally acid, fatty acid location in triacylglycerol moiety.rrlacylgtycercl, sterol and tocopherol composition was determined.Oleic acid $Iightly increased and linoleic decreased in the total fattyacid composition. as well as on glycerol carbon-2 and -1(3). withincreased water salinity. Tricleoyt. seearoyldioleoy! and palrnitcyl-dioleoyl glycerols are slightly increased with increased water salinity.Total tocopherol was 87.7 mglkg in the control and increased to 147.0mglkg for water with 1800 ppm salinity. At higher salinity concentra-tion. total tocopherol decreased to 107.2 and to 89.1 mglkg for watersalinities of 3600 81\d 6000 ppm, respectively. The same trend wasobserved for ex. ~ and j-toccpnerots. Campesterol and ~sitosterolwere increased with water salinity of 1800 ppm and decreased whenwater satinity i11(:reased further. Stigmasterol increased at water salini-ty of 3600 ppm and decreased sharply when the salinity was increasedto 6000 ppm. These olive oil composition SLUdies showed that althoughwater salinity mlly have some compositional effects. there was nomajor adverse effect 011 fatty acid. triilCylglycerol. triilCylglycerol fattyacid location. sterol and tocopherol composition for oil from olives oftrees grown with water wilh a salt composition of up to 6000 ppm.(JAoeS 71. 1287-1289 (1994)1

Protein Nitrogen Combustion Method Collaborative Study I. Com-parison with Smalley Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and CombustionResults. David L. Bemer and JllIIet Brown, American Oil Olr:mists' Soci-ety. Champaign.Hlincis 61826-3489.

During 1993-1994, a collaborative study of the determination of thenitrogen content of oilseed meals by the nitrogen combustion method wasconducted among 24 laboratories in seven countries for the analysis ofcottonseed. soybean (two samples). peanut. canota and SIIff10wer (twosamples). Tbese meals were also analyzed by the cuso4m~ Kjeldahlmethod (Official Me/hods and Recollllllerufed Practices of the America"OU Chemists' Society. 4th edn .. 1989. Method Ba 4d-90) in the1993-1994 Smalley Check Sample Prugnun Oilseed Meal Series [Bmwn.J .. INFORM 5:640 (1994)J Some participants used commercial nitrogencombustion instruments. In the Smalley Program. CuS04Il02 Kjeldahlanalysis gave nitrogen values that ranged from O.OSto O.13~lower thanvalues obtained by the combustion method in the collaborative study.Nitrogen values obtained by the combustion method on an optional basisin the Smalley Program were generally lower by 0.01 to 0.03% than nitro-gen values obtained by the combustion method in the collaborative studyreported here.IJAOCS 7J. 1291-1293 (1994))

Rapid Equilibrium E:draction or Rice Bran Oil at Ambient Tempera-ture. A. Pmct(Jf". V.M. Jackson, M. Scott and P.K. Clad. ~partrnent ofFood Science, Unlvershy of Arkansas. Fayetteville. Arkansas 72704.

Rapid equilibrium extraction of soybean flour has been effective inobtaining an oil with reduced phospholipid content. This tccbnlque wasexamin~d to obtain a low phospholipid and low free fatty acid rice branoil (RBO). The amount of RHO extracted with hexane from I g of ricebran at 22"C was measured over a IO-min period. The amount of oilextracted from variable IlITIOIlnlSof bran with a fixed volume of solventwas also studied. Ninety percent of the oil was extracted in one minute,with 93'" of the total RBO being extracted after ten minutes. This C;Jm-pares with the 98'1> yield obtained from soy flour. but increasing theamount of bran used did not reduce the extraction rate. This enracnonmethod produced n good quality RBO with Jow phospholipid. low freefatty ecid and low peroxide values.[JA.OeS 71. 129.5-1296 (1994)]

Densities and Molal Volumes or n-Alkylamines from IS 10 SO"C. K.Y.Liew. C.E. Seng and C.G. lee, School of Chemical Sciences. UnlversitiSains Malaysia. Minden. 11800 PuIQU Pinang. Malaysia.

Densities of seven n-alsylamines from l-butylamlne to l-decylamlnewere determined from IS to 80"C. TIle density was found to be a linearfunction of the temper~lUre within this temperature range. At constanttemperature. the molal volume was a linear function of the number ofmethylene units in the chain for the homologous series. A simple equationwith four constants cOITClating the molal volume with the number ofmethylene units IUId temperature of the s-alkylarnines was formulated.Excellent agreements between the calculated. the measured and the litera-ture values were obtained. Accumte molal volumes, and hence the densi-ties of any n-alkylamlnes, other than methylamine. within the temperaturerange can be calculated from the equation.[JAOCS 71, 1297-1299 (1994))

INFORM, Vol. 5, no. 12 (December 1994)

1404

Liver, Serum ond Adipose Tissue Flilly Acid Composition in Suck.ling Zucker Rats. Margot P. Cleary, Frederick C. Phillips and Ruth A.Monon. The Hormd Institute. University of MinncsolU, Austin. Min-nesota 55912.

Young adult obese Zucker rots have altered tissue fatly acid (FA) com-position. The present study was aimed at determining whether suchchanges were seen in either liver. serum or adipose tissue obtained from17-day-old obese (fafa) rats in comparison to both homozygous (Fua)and heterozygous (Fafa) lean rats. Body weights of obese pups (30.3 g)were significantly greater than those of homozygous lean rats (25.2 g) (P< 0.05). Liver weight and lipid content were similar in all groups. InguinalIm pad weight and lipid comeru were greatest in obese pups (57) mg) fol-lowed by heterozygous lean pups (303 mg): homozygous lean pups (146mg) had the lowest values. There were no differences among the groupsin hepatic FA composition in either triacylglycerol (TG) or phosptlolipidfractions. Serum TG W88 simil~r among the groups. while serum phos-pholipid was greall:':r (P e 0.05) in obese (269 mgldL) ihan in homozygouslean pups (1S4 mgldL); heterozygous lean pups had an intermediate valuenot significantly different from either homozygous group. On a pereerabasis. rhere were no differences in FA composition in either serum lipidfraction among the three groups. There were a number of significunl dif-ferences in adipose tissue FA composition between the groups on a per-cent basis. The adipose tissue FA composition on a percent basis reflectedtllat of maternal milk. The results indicate that suclcling obese Zucker ratsdo not have tissue FA profiles that ore characteristic of essential FA defi-ciency.IUpids 29, 753-758 (1994»)

ABSTRACTS FROM AOCS JOURNALS

Composition and Strudurt ofTriaeylglyceroJs in Brown Adi~ Th-sue of Rats Fed Fish 011. Thierry Raclot. Rene Groscoles and ClaudeLcray, Centre d'Ecolcgie er Physiologic Energetiquu. 67087 Stra~bourg.F_.

This study examines the incorpor1llion of highly unsaturated n-3 fattyacids (HUFA) into rriacylglycerols (TAG) of brown adipose tissue (BAl),and their effect on the positional distribution of saturuted (SFA) and ofunsaturated (UFA) 16- or 18-carbon fatty acids. To this end. rats were fcda fish oil diet for up to four weeks. The stereospecific analysis of TAGwas based 011 generation of sn-1.2- and sn-2.3-aeylglycerols by Grignarddegradanon. followed by synthesis of phosphatidic acid and specifichydrolysis with phospholipase A2' From the end of the first week of fishoil feeding. a sready-stere in the rally acid composhlcn of TAG in BATwas reached. HUFA concentration increased 30-fold. mainly et theexpense of n-9 UFA and of SFA. The amount of SFA decreased selective-ly at poshlon 3. wtere these fany acids were progressi~ely replaced by n-3 HUFA. By contrast. the amount of UFA decreased at all poslucns, andtheir positional distribution was not affected. About 60% of HUFA wasleccrporated at position 3. Nearly twice as much 22:6n-3 was incorponll-ed into TAG than had been previously obsen.ed in white adipose tissue(WAT) [Leray. C .. Raclot. T.. and Groscolas. R. (l993) Lipids 28,279-2841. At the sreedy-state. the distribution of HUFA was characterizedby high proportions of 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 in position 3. Moreovcr, ineach position of TAG. a steady level was reached IlIpidly (within I wk). Iti1; concluded that, during fish-oil feeding. Iauy acids in TAG of BAT showcharacteristic rime-course changes that lead 10 II characteristic composi-tion and II tissue-specific positional distribution. This suggests that adi-pose tissue lias its own specificity in controlling the build-up of TAGstores. which is likely to be regulatcd by the specificity of acylatingenzymes as wellas molecular rearrangements.[Lipids 29.759-764 (1994)1

Absorption or tsomertc, Palmitic Acid-Containing TriaCl'lgIl'CC'rolsResembUng Human Jl,1iIk Fat in the Adult Ral. Nanneke 1. de Fouwll.Gerard A.A. KivitsCi• Paul T. Quinlanb and Wim G.L. van Nielenv.tlUnilever Researcll Laborutorium Vlaardingen, 3133 AT Vlaardingen.11Je Nelileriand. and bUnih!ver Reseureh I....boraeorlcs Colworth House.Bedford, Englllnd.

Tho:: effect of the positional distribution of palmitic acid (16:0) in tria-cylglyCC'rols (TAG) on ]6:0 apparent absorption in adult ruts was lnvestl-gated. The rots were fed two diets which contained 30 energy % as fatwith identical total fauy acid compositions, both containing 30% 16:0.

INFORM. Vol. 5. no. 12 (December 1994)

HDL3-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux from Cultured Enrerocyies: TheRole of Apoprotelns A-I and A-II. Gerhard Herold. Uta Hesse. Frankwtsn, Carl Fahr. Mllena Fahr, Gerhard Rogier. lrmlind Geerling andEduard F. Stange. Department of Internal Medicine I. Univcrsity of Ulm.89070 Ulm. Germany.

High density lipoproteins (HDL) were recently demon~trated in anenrcrccyte model (CaCo-2 cclls) to mediate reverse cholesterol transportby retroendocytosis. The present study was carried OIIt to define the roleof the major HDL apoproteins (apo) A-I and epo A-II in this pathway.HDL3 WlIS fractionated by heparin affinity chromatography into the twomain fractions containing either apo A-I only (rracuon A) or both apo A-Ianti apo A-II (fmelion B). In addition, [iposo~s wcre rcconMituted frompurified apo A-lor epo A-II and dimyristoyl phosphandylcboline. Thecell binding proptnics and cholesterol efflux potential were studied in thelipoprotein fraclions and the jposomes. Both fractions exhibited similarmaximal binding capacities of 4421 (A) and 5041 (B) ng/mg cell protein,but their dissociation constanu differed (40.5 and 167.7 f,lglmL, respec-tively). Fraction A induced cholesterol efflux and stimulated ctlolesterolsynthesis more than did fraction B. Fraction A mobilized both cellularfree and esterified cholesterol. whereas fraction B preferentially mobilizedeholestcryl esters. Llposcmes. containing either ape A-lor apo A-II,showed specific binding. endocytosis and endosomal transport. and werereleased as intact panicles. Apo A-I liposorncs also mediated cholesterolefflux. In conclusion. there is evidence that the HDL3 subfractions A andB. as well as reconstituted liposomes containing either apo A-lor ape A-Il. were specifically bound and entered a retrocndocytosis paillway wllichwas directly linked to cholesterol efflux. Quantitatively. the apo A-I sub-fraction appeared to play the dominant role in normal enlerocytes. ll\Capo A-II content of fraction B was related to the mebillzation ofcholesteryl esters.lLipids 29. 735-745 (1994»)

The Effects of Clofibrate and BeXllfibrale on CholE'$leroi Metabolismin the Liver of the Male Rat. 1.H. Shand and D.W. West. HannahResearch Institute. A'll'. KA6 5HL. Scotland.

Fibric acid derivatives are used to treat hyperlipidemia and have wideranging effects on lipid metabolism. The action of these compounds oncbclesterol esterification. catalyzed by acyl-coenzyme A:ehoIClilerolllCyl-transferase (ACAT). has been quite widely studied. but their effect oncborescecyt ester hydrolysis and the enzyme neutral cholesteryl esterhydrolase (nCEH) has been largely ignored. Male rats were therefore fedfor [0 d on a standard chow diet supplememed with either clofibrate orbezaflbrate, to study their effects on plasma lipid levels and hepaticcholesterol metabolism. Plasma triacylglycerols were not significantlyaltered by these diets. but bezaflbrare significantly lowered plasmacholesterol levels (29.7%. P -c 0.01). When expressed per unit weight ofDNA. both fibrntes reduced the hepatic ccntem of triacylglyceml. choles·terol and eho[esteryl esters (40. 18.7. 16.5 and 66.7. 28.6. 34.2% forc1ofi-brate and bezafibrete, respectively). ACAT activity was significantlyreduced by both drugs. but clofibrate (65% inhibition) was more effectivethan bezafibrate (35% inhibition). The most dramatic effect of tile dietswas a marked increase in the activity of both the microsomal and thecyrosohc nCEH. When expressed on a whole liver basis. the effect ofbezafibrate on the cyrcsolic enzyme (J3.6-fold Increase in activity) wasmueh greater than thnt of clofibrnte (4.8-fold increase). Increases in theaetivilY of a cylMOlic prolein th~1inhibits !lie p~tivily of nGEH We~ alsonoted, bul these changes were relatively small. 1be ~ulLS suggest thaI lheactivation of nCEH. in oombination with the inhibition in ACAT activity,contributes to a decrease in the cbolesteryl ester content of the liver whichmay influence the secretion of very low density lipoprotein.ILipids 29. 747-752 ([994)1

1405

TIle Belapol diet ccotalned TAG with 73'1> of 1000l 16:0 in the 511-2 posi-lion, the control diet contained TAG with 6% of total 16:0 in the 511·2position. Afler six weeks on these diets the nils were killed 11"0 or si",hours after the llL'it meal, and the small intestine was removed, CUIinto 10-em segmenu, and the fany acid composition of the segment'S contents_ determined, At both time points the amount of 16:0 in the intestinal5CgmcoUi slll1ling al 40 em from the fitomach WIIS much lower in the ani-mals fed BClapoilhan in the animals fed the control diet. Overall absorp-lion of 16:0 and ilcaric acid was significantly greater in the Beutpolgroup. Absorption of oleic and linolek acid from the small intestine. wassimilar in both lfOUp5. although the overall absorption was sigoiflCalltlygreller in the aniltllll..1 fed Betapol.. Total faa absorption was signiflCalltlyhigher in the Betapol-Ied rats than in the: conlI'Oi-fed rats. No effect on cal-cium and nitrogen absorption. 01\ plasma total choleslCroi and TAG levels,and on bodywelghts (growth) WIU !\«D. The data demonstrate that tilepositional distribution of the fatty acids in the TAG molecule affects thesite of absc:Jrp(ion in the small intestine and p:uticularly the oer. absorptioItof $alunucd fally ..,ids.[lipids 19, 765-770 (1994)J

n·J Falty Adds Inhibit Deftcu and Fatly Acid Changes C.used byPbm}"toin in Early Gelatioa in Mict. Kim A. High and Slall Kubow.School of Dictetia and Human Nutrition. McGill University. Ste. Annec:Ie Bellevue. Qutbcc. H9X 3V9 Canada.

Our previOtJI work has shnwn that n·3 fally acids exert a protectiveeffect against phenytoin· induced cleft palate when phenytoin wasadministered midge5tatinn [ge.'lIatinnal days (GO) 12 and 13) to CD-Imice. The efTecu of dietary n-3 fallY acid! on phenytoin teratcgenichywere investigated at an earlier ge.nalional period (GO 9) In examinewhether n-3 fauy acids could exert protective ..,t;nn against other ter-atogenic erreeu er phenytoin apart from cleft palate. The effect erphenytoin exposure on maternal hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acidcomposition was alsn studied since .66 desarurase activity has beenshown to be modified by pharmacological action. Female CD-I micewere fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD). safflnwer nil (SAFF) or acod liver/linseed oil (CLO/LO)·based diet Ior three weeks prior rcimpregnatinn and throughout pregnancy. Pregnant mice were adminis-tered a single i.p. dO$Cof phenytoin on GO 9. and terotningical assess-ments were performed on GD 19. Tissues were harvested on GO 10 formaternal hepatic phosphnlipid fally acid analysis frnm another group nfphenytcin-tteeted mice. The CLOILO and the SLD mice. as compareetc the SAFF·fed animals. showed a reducnon in tntal malformatinnsand fetal growth retardation due 10 phenytoin, Open eye defttt W85 lileonly anomaly induced by phenytoin in the CLO/LO fetuses whilephenytoin produced a venery of malformations in the SAFF fetusessuch as tail defects. cleft palate. open eye and absence or blockage ofthe ureter. Dietary n·6In·3 fatty acid ratios were reflected in maternalhepatic phnspholipids: however. phenytoin exposure appeared to inhib-it the conversion nf 18:2n·6 10 20:4n·6 in the SAFF dams only. Theseresull5 indicate tllat the overall protecuve effects nf dietary n·) Iauyacids on phenytoin embryo-toxlchy are observed HI an early gestetlcnalperiod.lLipids19. 771-778(1~)1

ElTecu or Low Castln and flsh Oil on Hyperlipidemia and Protein-uria in Nephritic Rats. Kiynhitn Fujisewa, Ka:zumi Yagasaki and RyuheiFueablkl. Department nf Applied Biological Science. Tnkyo Ncko Uel-versity, Fuchu. Tokyo 183. Japan.

The effects of aminn acid-rortified low casein and fish oil (FO)diets nn hyperlipidemia and proteinuria were studied in rats withnephrotoxic serum nephritis. After an antiserum injection. rats WeTCmaintained for 14 d on fnur different experimental diets: a 20% caseindiet containing com nil (CO) or FO. or an 8% casein diet supplementedwith eySline plu. threonine containing CO or FO. The 8% casein dietsreduced urinary protein eseretion in nephritic rats withnut inducingsevere growth retardation or fally liver compared with the basal 20'l>clsein diets. Both the 8% casein diet and the FO diet decreased serumeholenercl. triglyceride and phospholipid levels in nephritic rats. andnonestertfled ratty acid levelt were decreased by FO feeding. Innephritic animab. hepalic eholesterol synthesiJ was decreased by the

8% casein diets compared with the 20% casein diets, and tended 10 bereduced by FO feeding between groups at the same casein levels. Noeffect of diet was observed on fatty acid synthesis amnng the nephriticrats. FO administratinn to the nephritic animals suppressed fecal steroidexcretion. While lipoprotein lipase activity was unchanged among thenephritic ralli. hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was reduced by eitherthe 8% casein or FO diet. The results suggest that the hypolipidemicaction nf low casein diets may. at least in pan, be due tn reduced hepat·ic cholesternl synthesis and suppressed triglyceride secretion from theliver. They also suggest that the hypolipidemic action nf FO may. atleast in part. be due to reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis anddecreased fally ..,id mobiliution from peripileral adipose tissue.(Lipids 19.779-783 (1994)1

Adipose Monoacylglyaro!:AC)'I-Cocnxyme A Acyllransrerase Acthi·Iy In the White- ThnNIted Sparrow (Zoltotric"is aJb~ol1is):Character-ization and function In I Mlgralot'y BIni. Nadia MOSlafa. B. Gane:o;hBhat and Rosalind A. Coleman, Depanmenlli nf Nutrition and Pediatrics.The: UnivctSity nf Nonh Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, North Car·olina 27599·7400.

Although migrating birds use stnred triecylglycercl as their primaryfuel for night. they must retain sufficient stores nf w6 and Ql3 fauyacids to IU51ain reproduction after the spring migr1ltion. Hepaticmonoacylglycerollacyl-coc:ntyme A acyhransferase (EC 2.3.1.22)(MGAT) aClivity is associated with physiolngical periods in whichlipolysis and B-oxidDtinn are prominent. Bnd it may atso playa role inthe selective retention of certain essential fully acids. Therefore. wecharacterized MGAT aclivity in adipose nssue from the white-throatedsparrow (liJ1IOfriclria albicofli.s). I migratnry bird, MGAT specificactivity Irom adipose tissue and liver. respectively. was 22.2:!: 7.27 and0.79 % 0.35 nmollminlmg of total particulate protein. Activity did notvary seasnnally ce between male and female birds. Specific activityincreased 4.3·fnld in the presence nf 75 ~g of phosphatidylcholine andphcsphatidylserine (I: I. w/w). MGAT ecylared sn-I(3)·mnnooleoyl·glycerol . .sn·2·monooleylglycerol ether and SfI-I(3}-monooleylglycerolether at 7.5, 5.7 and 1.7tf.. respectively. nf the rote observed with SfI-2·monoolenylglycerol. An initial tag phase nbs~rved at lew concernra-nons nf palmitnyl·CoA was ccrrecred by adding 2 roM MgCI2'Mg(N03h or CaCI2. suggesting II requirement for divalent cedens.MGAT licylated s1I·2·monnlinnlenoylglycerol and slI·2·monolinnleoyl·gtyeerct in preference ro slI-2-mnnooleoylglycernl. Specificity ofMGAT for sn·2·monOKylglycerols and the probable enhanced affinityfnr slI·2·mnnnlicylglycernls nf specific acyl chains may allow selected006 and 1113fatty acids tn be retaincd within the adlpccyte. whilenonessemlnl fatty acids ure released ror g-oxtdeuon in flight muscles.[Lipids 19, 785-791 (1994)1

Struclural lind Functional Role of J.lplds In Yeast and MycelialForms or Candida albicans. SawTllj Goyal and G.K. Khuller. Departmentnf Biochemistry. Pnstkrnduate Institute of Medical Educetlon andResearch, Chandigam 160012, India.

TIle levels of total lipids, stercts and phospholipids wert found to besigniflCllntly higher in the mycelial form (log phase) er Condida albicansthan in the yeast form. Increased phospholipid levels in the mycelial formwere duc to higher levels nf phcspharidylchcline. pbospheudylserine andphosphatidylinositol. Analyses of fatty acid composition atsc revealedhigher levels of myristic acid (40%) in the yeast form. resulting in higherlevels of IIIturated lipidl than in the mycelial form. 1lie changes in thelipid compositinn were .Iso manifested in altered thermotropic phasebehavior as gel·tn-liquid cry5l.alline phase tTansitions were observed at J6and 27eC Icr the lipids nf the yeut and mycelial forms. respectively.These changes coincided with higher uptake rate, i.e .. KIn and VrnIIlIival-ues. fnr the transport of l-proline and with I higher sensiti~ity of themycelial rorm against antifungal drugs.[Lipids 19.793-797 (l994)J

Kinetk Siudy of Quenching Ructions of Singlet Oxygen and Scav-enging Reactlnns or Free Radicals by a-.II-. y- and &-Toropheramioesin Ethanol SoIutioa and Mlcdlar Dispersion. Shingo ItotTD.Shin-ichi

INFORM. Vol. 5, no. 12 (December 1994)

1406

ABSTRACTS FROM AOCS JOURNALS

NagaokaO, Kazuo Mukaia" Sarcru Ikesub and yutaka Kanckob. QDcpart-men! of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790and boeveJoping Center Section No.1, Konica Co., Ud., Sakura I, Hino191, Japan.

Quenching reactions of singlet OJ;ygcn and scavenging reactions oftree radicals by a-, ~. 1- and &.tocophenunines [Toc-amines) were inves-tigated spectroplKMomc:trically in ethanol and Triton X-IOO micellar dis-persions. The rate constants of quenching of singlet oxygen (~) by n-,~. y- and S-Toc-amines increased as the total electron donating capacity

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INFORM. Vol. 5. no. 12 (December 1994)

of the methyl groups at the aromatic ring increased. A plot of 10g'Q vs.peak oxidation potential (Ep) was found to be linear and the slope wasnegative. Similar results were obtained for scavenging of a pbennxyl radl-cal (PbO). 'The results suSgesl that charge tnmsfer plays an important rolein these reactions. 11K: iQ values were found to be 1.30-2.57 times aslafiC as 'Q for a·tocopherol (a-Toe). Although e-rce has the highestantioxidant activity amon8 IllIIi1l1II tocopherols and related phenols. Tee-amines also can serve as anncxidants.[Upids 29,799-802 (1994)]

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