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Abstract The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in environmental systems could lead to significant health concerns. A coastal aquifer in southern Italy (Villanova, Ostuni) was analyzed in this study in order to quantify groundwater pollution by ARB released in surface waters. During the time period September 2009 to July 2010, twenty-four samples were collected from surface and ground waters of the study area. Each sample was analyzed for microbiological/chemical quality and for ARB. Some strains of E. coli and Salmonella were tested for susceptibility to 17 antibiotics. Mathematical models were employed in order to simulate pathogens and ARB migration in groundwater. The experimental results suggested that surface waters were more contaminated than groundwater, whereas groundwater quality is highly variable depending on the sampling period as well as on the distance from the seacoast. EGU2011- HS8.1.7 GROUNDWATER POLLUTION BY ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STRAINS RELEASED IN SURFACE WATERS Costantino Masciopinto (1) , Rosanna La Mantia (1) , and Constantinos Chrysikopoulos (2) (1) Water Research Institute IRSA-CNR, Bari, Italy ([email protected]), (2) Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Patras, Greece Sampling wells Channel sampling locations ADRIATIC SEA Villages Ground elevation (m) Municipal treatment plant VILLANOVA S1 S2 S3 G1 G2 Study Area Methods 24 samples of surface water and groundwater were collected during four campaigns carried out in September 2009, February, May and July 2010. Groundwater were collected from 3 wells placed at 600, 1500 and 2800 m from the coast. Surface water samples were collected from 3 sampling points of an artificial channel that collects runoffs and effluents derived from a municipal treatment plant. Sampling points were at 5, 550 and 1000 m from the sea. Each sample was analyzed for microbiological/chemical quality and for ARB by the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Pennsylvania, USA) manual method of diffusion in agar and, by using the automatic method Vitek 2 (BioMerieux, France). The susceptibility to 17 antibiotics has been then tested on some strains of E. coli and Salmonella. Models have been applied in order to simulate pathogens and ARB migration in groundwater. Preliminary Results Sampled surface water was more contaminated than ground water. Water quality is a function on the sampling date and distance from the sea coast. Salmonella was isolated at all sampling locations into the channel. Only during the 1st campaign (September 2009) was found in the groundwater, into the wells distant 600 m and 2800 m from the coast. Model simulations for bacteria transport are under developments. Of the 63 strains (i.e. isolates) of E. coli stained, 27% were resistant to one or more classes of antibiotics. 82 strains of Salmonella spp. and E. coli have shown percentages of antibiotic resistance ranging from 34% to 32%, respectively. 58% of 19 strains of Salmonella (3 S. typhimurium, 4 S. enterica subsp. arizonae, 12 Salmonella spp) were resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics. 2D Flow and Transport Models in 2D Fractures with Variable Apertures Flow: Colloid transport: * ∂C( t,x,y) C( t,x,y) * ** =r -rC( t,x,y)-λ C( t,x,y) r f ∂t b(x,t) Chemical oxygen demand in sampling sites at different distances from sea coast Map of the study area in southern Italy (Villanova, Ostuni) and locations of the six sampling sites Average water temperature, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of sampled water y , x , t C ) y , x ( b 2 y , x , t C y , x , t UC y , x , t C D t y , x , t C ) y , x ( b 2 t y , x , t C * * * λ λ 0 y y , x f b y x y , x f b x 2 / 1 3 2 / 1 3 Total bacterial count 37°C 20000 40000 60000 80000 Sulphite-reducing clostridium spores 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Autumn Winter Spring CFU/100mL Mean of bacterial counts in surface and ground water over different seasons E. coli 2000 1000 3000 4000 MPN/100mL C. perfringens 2000 4000 6000 8000 Autumn Winter Spring Summer Enterococci 2000 6000 Autumn Winter Spring Summer CFU/100mL Channel Wells CFU/100mL Summer Somatic coliphages 0 10 20 30 40 PFU/ml Salmonella 0 5 10 15 20 number of strains Salmonella 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2800 (%) E. coli 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2800 Distance from the sea (%) CFU/mL Average ARB in surface water (bars) and ground water (triangles and cross) samples at different distances from sea coast AUTOMATIC METHOD MANUAL METHOD E. coli 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 susceptible Intermediate resistant Fully resistant number of strains AUTOMATIC METHOD MANUAL METHOD Number of strains (i.e. isolates) in all samples at different categories of antibiotic resistance 30 20 10 0 C O D (m g/L) Sep-09 N ov-09 Jan-10 M ar-10 M ay-10 Jul-10 Sam pling date G round w ater 600 m 1500 m 2800 m 30 20 10 0 C O D (m g/L) Surface w ater 5 m 550 m 1000 m 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Unit Surface w ater EC pH Temperature 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Unit Sep-09 N ov-09 Jan-10 Mar-10 M ay-10 Jul-10 Sam pling date G round w ater pH EC Temperature G3 500 m
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4000. 3000. 1000. 6000. 2000. 500 m. GROUNDWATER POLLUTION BY ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STRAINS RELEASED IN SURFACE WATERS. EGU2011- HS8.1.7. Costantino Masciopinto (1) , Rosanna La Mantia (1) , and Constantinos Chrysikopoulos (2) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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AbstractThe spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in environmental systems could lead to significant health concerns. A coastal aquifer in southern Italy (Villanova, Ostuni) was analyzed in this study in order to quantify groundwater pollution by ARB released in surface waters. During the time period September 2009 to July 2010, twenty-four samples were collected from surface and ground waters of the study area. Each sample was analyzed for microbiological/chemical quality and for ARB. Some strains of E. coli and Salmonella were tested for susceptibility to 17 antibiotics. Mathematical models were employed in order to simulate pathogens and ARB migration in groundwater. The experimental results suggested that surface waters were more contaminated than groundwater, whereas groundwater quality is highly variable depending on the sampling period as well as on the distance from the seacoast.
EGU2011- HS8.1.7
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION BY ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STRAINS RELEASED IN SURFACE WATERS
Costantino Masciopinto (1), Rosanna La Mantia (1), and Constantinos Chrysikopoulos (2)
(1) Water Research Institute IRSA-CNR, Bari, Italy ([email protected]), (2) Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Patras, Greece
Sampling wells
Channel sampling locations ADRIATIC SEA
Villages
Ground elevation (m)
Municipal treatment plant
VILLANOVA S1
S2
S3
G1
G2
Study Area Methods 24 samples of surface water and groundwater were collected during four campaigns carried out in September 2009, February, May and July 2010. Groundwater were collected from 3 wells placed at 600, 1500 and 2800 m from the coast. Surface water samples were collected from 3 sampling points of an artificial channel that collects runoffs and effluents derived from a municipal treatment plant. Sampling points were at 5, 550 and 1000 m from the sea. Each sample was analyzed for microbiological/chemical quality and for ARB by the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Pennsylvania, USA) manual method of diffusion in agar and, by using the automatic method Vitek 2 (BioMerieux, France). The susceptibility to 17 antibiotics has been then tested on some strains of E. coli and Salmonella. Models have been applied in order to simulate pathogens and ARB migration in groundwater.
Preliminary Results Sampled surface water was more contaminated than ground water. Water quality is a function on the sampling date and distance from the sea coast. Salmonella was isolated at all sampling locations into the channel. Only during the 1st campaign (September 2009) was found in the groundwater, into the wells distant 600 m and 2800 m from the coast. Model simulations for bacteria transport are under developments. Of the 63 strains (i.e. isolates) of E. coli stained, 27% were resistant to one or more classes of antibiotics. 82 strains of Salmonella spp. and E. coli have shown percentages of antibiotic resistance ranging from 34% to 32%, respectively. 58% of 19 strains of Salmonella (3 S. typhimurium, 4 S. enterica subsp. arizonae, 12 Salmonella spp) were resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics.
2D Flow and Transport Models in 2D Fractures with Variable Apertures
Flow:
Colloid transport:
*∂C( t,x,y) C( t,x,y) * * *=r -r C( t,x,y)- λ C( t,x,y)rf∂t b( x,t)
Chemical oxygen demand in sampling sites at different distances from sea
coast
Map of the study area in southern Italy (Villanova, Ostuni) and locations of the six sampling sites
Average water temperature, pH and electrical conductivity (EC)
of sampled water
y,x,tC)y,x(b
2y,x,tC
y,x,tUCy,x,tCDt
y,x,tC
)y,x(b
2
t
y,x,tC
**
*
λλ
0
y
y,x
f
b
yx
y,x
f
b
x
2/132/13
Total bacterial count 37°C
20000
40000
60000
80000
Sulphite-reducing clostridium spores
2000400060008000
10000
Autumn Winter Spring
CF
U/1
00m
L
Mean of bacterial counts in surface and ground water over different seasons
E. coli
2000
1000
3000
4000
MP
N/1
00m
L
C. perfringens
2000
4000
6000
8000
Autumn Winter Spring Summer
Enterococci
2000
6000
Autumn Winter Spring Summer
CF
U/1
00m
L
Channel Wells
CF
U/1
00m
L
Summer
Somatic coliphages
0
10
20
30
40
PF
U/m
l
Salmonella
0
5
10
15
20
nu
mb
er o
f st
rain
s
Salmonella
0
20
40
60
80
100
5 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2800
(%)
E. coli
020406080
100
5 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2800
Distance from the sea
(%)
CF
U/m
L
Average ARB in surface water (bars) and ground water (triangles and cross) samples
at different distances from sea coast
AUTOMATIC METHOD MANUAL METHOD
E. coli
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
susceptible Intermediate resistant Fully resistant
nu
mb
er o
f st
rain
s
AUTOMATIC METHODMANUAL METHOD
Number of strains (i.e. isolates) in all samples at different categories of
antibiotic resistance
30
20
10
0
CO
D (
mg/
L)
Sep-09 Nov-09 Jan-10 Mar-10 May-10 Jul-10
Sampling date
Ground water
600 m
1500 m
2800 m
30
20
10
0
CO
D (
mg/
L)
Surface water 5 m
550 m
1000 m
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Uni
t
Surface water
EC
pH
Temperature
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Uni
t
Sep-09 Nov-09 Jan-10 Mar-10 May-10 Jul-10
Sampling date
Ground water
pH
EC
Temperature
G3
500 m
