ABSTRACT BOOK 2015.pdf · 2016. 1. 9. · Allameh Tabatabai, Tehran, Iran E-Mail Address:...

ABSTRACT BOOK

4th WORLD CONGRESS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL SCIENCES

26-28 November 2015, Rome, Italy

ABSTRACT BOOK

Organization

Association for Human, Science, Nature, Education and Technology

Academic World Education and Research Center - A non-profit international organization

www.awer-center.org

Organized by Near East University University of Kyrenia Academic World Education and Research Center Association for Human, Science, Natura, Education and Technology

http://www.awer-center.org/

Chair Prof. Dr. Andreea Iluzia IACOB Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania

Executive Board

Prof. Dr. Lia Patrício Prof. Dr. Jung-Cheol Shini Prof. Dr. Emee Vida Estacio Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Araslı Prof. Dr. Marilyn Campbell Prof. Dr. Steven Ross Prof. Dr. Margaret Harris Prof. Dr. Kobus Maree

Organization Committee Aslıhan Tüfekçi Brian Careen Jennifer Halley Kristine Allen Chen Maria Hong Leslie Brown Mary Hotbird Mehmet Açıkalın Melahat Halat Nuran Cemal David Bob Salih Sarnıç Sheila Smith Hülya Kara Tsai Lee-Chun

Secretariat Nuran Cemal [email protected]

International Advisory Board

Dr. Ali Dayıoğlu, Near East University, North Cyprus Dr. Andreas Gruener, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland Dr. Bulbul Dhar-James, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India Dr. Edward P. Wolfers, University of Wollongong, Australia Dr. Elif Çepni, Bahcesehir University, Turkey

mailto:[email protected]

Dr. Foued KHLIFI, Higher Institute of Management Gabès, Tunisia Dr. Hall Gardner, the American University of Paris, France Dr. Jawahar Lal Kaul, University of Delhi, India Dr. Jose Esteban Castro, Newcastle University, United Kingdom Dr. K M Sajad Ibrahim, University of Kerala, India Dr. Martin Holland, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Dr. Matthew J. Webb, the Petroleum Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Dr. Paul Higgins, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Dr. Ruth Johnson Carter, GCSU Milledgeville, USA Dr. Shirley Scott, the University of New South Wales, Australia Dr. Tom Houghton, Curtin Graduate School of Business, Australia Dr. William E Kovacic, the George Washington University, USA Dr. William Harris, University of Otago, New Zealand Dr. Zeliha Kashman, Near East University, North Cyprus

THE COMPARISON OF THE WESTERNIZATION PROCESS IN OTTOMAN AND RUSSIAN EMPIRES

Melih COŞGUN, Abstract The point of origin in the comparison of the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire were not as different from each other unlike the similarities. Both empires has chosen to shape with their own

internal dynamics and enclosed social life over the years. In addition, they have taken samples the West as their model for modernization. These Empires have been described as “other” by Western because of “Islam” in Ottoman Empire and “Orthodoxy” in Russian Empire. Similar social patterns, political unrest and modernization moves has been the starting point of the study. The study referred to in the title of “comparison” did not include the concept of the just determination of similarity. Although both empires have many similarities, there were many striking differences each other. The most obvious differences in etymologic, Ottoman bureaucracy designate modernization as “Westernization”, other side Russian administrators named modernization as “Europeanism”. Another notable element was observed in various economic lives. The transition to capitalism in the Ottoman Empire directed by external forces on the other hand, Russia gave direction to this transformation of its own volition. The purpose of study is to show the similarities and differences in the Ottoman and Russian modernization with using the comparative historical sociological method. Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Modernization, Westernization, Political Life. *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Melih COŞGUN, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

EFFECTS OF MANAGERS’ GOOD CHARACTERSON AFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN

CONSULTANT ENGINEERING FIRMS

Abbas Abbaspour, Faculty of Psychology and education, University of Allameh Tabataba’i, Tehran, Iran Ali Nasr Esfahani, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economic, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Reza Abachian Ghassemi1,Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economic, University of Isfahan, Isfahan,

Iran Ehsan Ekradi, Faculty of Psychology and education, University of AllamehTabataba’I, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The present study aimed atanalyzing the effects of good charactersof managers on affective organizational commitment of employees to the organization. Data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire including leadership characters and affective commitment measures adopted. A sample of 100 employees from Consultant Engineering Firms was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a linear regression analysis were used to test the relationship betweenmanagers’ good characters and affective commitment. The results show that the good characters of leaders including love, justice, and wisdomaffect affective commitment of employees. It is expected that when employees perceive such characters of amanager, they feel more affectively attached to their organizations andfeel a sense of loyalty towards their organization.

Keywords: Good characters, Affective commitment, Consultant Engineering Firms

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Abbas Abbaspour, Faculty of Psychology and education, University of Allameh Tabataba’i, Tehran, Iran E-Mail Address: [email protected]

POLICY FOR THE EFFECTIVE RESEARCH UNIVERSITY

Prayuth Chusorn, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Bangkokthonburi University Cheaztha Bhoprathab, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Bangkokthonburi University Pornpimon Chusorn, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Bangkokthonburi University Pramook Chusorn, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Bangkokthonburi University Yupawarat Kentekrom, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Bangkokthonburi University

Abstract

mailto:[email protected]

Research for development policy for the Effective Research University case study of Khon Kaen University used the principle of policy research divided into three stages: 1) the synthesis document 2) Interviews of experts and 3) focus group discussion. Target groups include administrators, faculty member and university researchers. Research tools were documentary analysis questionnaires and the focus group form. The analysis and interpreted data were performed by content analysis.

Keywords: performed by content analysis

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Prayuth Chusorn, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Bangkokthonburi University E-Mail Address: [email protected]

INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY: MEDIATING ROLE OF CUSTOMER VALUE (CASE STUDY:

SADERAT BANK OF KHOZESTAN)

Seyed Mohsen Allameh, Department of Management, University of Isfahan

Abdollah Karimi, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economic, University of Isfahan, Farabi campus, Isfahan, Iran Abstract Customer orientation has attracted increasing importance and considered as the main competitive advantage of organizations in the process of firm achievement. If an organization can satisfy its customer and attract loyal customer, it would lead to its long term growth. Increasing competition in national, regional and global areas has led to more attention to competitive advantage as a key determinant of organization growth. To be successful in these circumstances, knowledge management and its procedures can be considered as a necessity. Knowledge management focuses on the knowledge usage to establish competitive advantage and form dynamics in a complex environment. Hence, current study aims to investigate the relationship between customer knowledge management and customer loyalty focusing on the mediating role of customer value by a case study conducted on Saderat Bank in Khozestan. Measurement items are adapted from existing scales found in the knowledge management and marketing literature. Academic colleagues reviewed the items for face validity and readability. The scales are evaluated for reliability using data collected in a survey of Saderat Bank’s customers Keywords: Customer knowledge management, Customer knowledge, Customer value, Customer loyalty *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Seyed Mohsen Allameh, Department of Management, University of Isfahan E-Mail Address: [email protected]

AN UNKNOWN ROMAN BRIDGE ON SANGARIUS NEAR LEFKE AND ANCIENT ROAD SYSTEM AROUND IT

Refik ARIKAN,

Abstract

Not only do road systems serve dominance claims, but they also occupy a vital place as a power instrument. Road systems, made use of, at war, through transportation of army, are also an indispensable instrument for trade network as well as taking the existence of state back of the beyond. In this context, Roman Empire, while generating one of the most important elements for humankind, was able to take its

influence, through these road nets constituted by bridges and milestone, to the lands dominated. Courier service has great importance for the rendering of power.

Keywords: indispensable instrument for trade network

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Refik ARIKAN, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

DISCUSSIONS OF LOCAL AUTONOMY IN TURKEY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF EUROPEAN CHARTER OF LOCAL

SELF GOVERNMENT AND EUROPEAN DRAFT CHARTER OF REGIONAL SELF GOVERNMENT

Hazal Ilgın Bahceci, PhD candidate, Gazi University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Public

Administration, Ankara 06500, Turkey

Kemal Gormez, Prof. Dr., Gazi University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Public Administration, Ankara 06500, Turkey

Abstract

The Europen Charter of Local Self Government was introduced and initiated in Turkey in 1992 however there were reservations placed on certain articles of the agreement. This Charter can be said to be considered as an essential reference paper for the agenda of Turkish Public Administration for the discussions of “reformation in local governments”, “empowering local governments” and “creating autonomous local governments”. The Charter has continously been present in the agenda of Turkish Politics before almost every elections, during preparation of a new constitution, the peace period and democratisation issues. These discussions are in relevance to removing or maintaning the reservations placed on the articles of the Charter.

Keywords: Local Autonomy; Local Government; The Principle of Subsidiarity; Decentralization and Regionalization; Turkish Political and Administrative Culture

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Hazal Ilgın Bahceci, PhD candidate, Gazi University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Public Administration, Ankara 06500, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

PREVENTING AND SOLVING THE NARCOTIC DRUG PROBLEMS IN THAILAND

Kanyanat Fai-kam, Instructor of Bangkokthonburi University Yatima Nuchdang Instructor of Bangkokthonburi University Yupawarat Kentekrom, Instructor of Bangkokthonburi University Prayuth Chusorn, Instructor of Khon kaen University Pornpimon Chusorn, Instructor of Khon kaen University

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to study preventing and solving drug problems in Thailand. The sample of this study consisted of 450 volunteers, leaders and theordinary people and classified by sex, age, status, education and income. The study instruments was a set of questionnaires. Statistics used to analyze the data were percentage, mean ( M ), and standard deviation (S.D.). The data analysis has revealed the following facts :Holistically, the people’s participation in the prevention and revolution of the drug problems was found to be at a medium level Separately, the participation planning in descending order by degree was as follows : setting a good example to the family members as to refraining from drug abuse, serve punishment to those getting involved in drug abuse , participation in guarding against drug abuse in the worst place . In terms of personal backgrounds, it was found that the people with the following characteristics took part in the prevention and resolution of drug abuse to a greater extent : males aged 31-40 years, married people , a bachelor’s degree holders public employees and state enterprise employees .

Keywords : People’s Participation , Preventing and Solving Narcotic Drug Problems

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Kanyanat Fai-kam, Instructor of Bangkokthonburi University E-Mail Address: [email protected]

A POLICY ANALYSIS STUDY: FAMILY MEDICINE

Cagdas Erkan AKYUREK, Ankara Unıversity, Faculty of Health Sciences Healthcare Management Department, Altındağ - Ankara 06340 Türkiye Esin MUTLUER, Ankara Unıversity, Faculty of Health Sciences Healthcare Management Department, Altındağ - Ankara 06340 Türkiye Deniz Tugay ARSLAN, Ankara Unıversity, Faculty of Health Sciences Healthcare Management Department, Altındağ - Ankara 06340 Türkiye

Abstract

Every single government which accepts the reality that “healthy nations comprise of healthy citizens” choose to make reforms in the healthcare systems that they are responsible to govern, in the frame of policies they have adopted. The most extensive action in the last 20 year of Turkish Republic in this context is Health Transformation Programme (HTP). “Family Physician Model” is one the significant steps through the purpose of abolishing the obstacles in front of access to health care services, which is one of the main aims of HTP.In this study, it is aimed to present a critical perspective by revealing the main reasons to adopt family medicine as a fundamental political choice, taking a glance at the history of family medicine, examining the changes created by family medicine and giving place to the views of shareholders.

Keywords: Family Physician, Healthcare, Health Policies, Primary Health care Services, Policy Analysis

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Cagdas Erkan AKYUREK, Ankara Unıversity, Faculty of Health Sciences Healthcare Management Department, Altındağ - Ankara 06340 Türkiye E-Mail Address: [email protected]

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ELMACIK FOSSIL BEDS AND

ITS IMPORTANCE IN VIEW OF ANATOLIAN PALEOGEOGRAPHY

Nurfeddin KAHRAMAN,

Abstract

Tefenni Basin, is located in the southwestern part of Burdur Basin. Elmacık village where paleontological excavations was made, is established at the place where Elmacık stream opens to Tefenni basin. Elmacık fossil beds, were discovered during the geomorphological studies we did in 1997. Lake containing fossil, marsh layers consisting of fillers, are located on the Formation of Burdur.These layers showing different color and texture features, are tilted 10-15 degrees to the east-southeast direction by tectonic movements affecting region. Due to subsidence and rising as a cause of tectonic reasons, this layer series are located at different altitudes.Elmacık fossil beds insitu situation have mostly fossil localities. Secondary fossils are also observed in some layer series. Secondary fossil finds, consists of horn and bone oms belonging to various species lived in earlier periods.Elmacık vertebrate fossil bed, is located between the Neogene fossil beds in Tokmacık town of Isparta province and Özlüce village of Muğla province in south west Anatolia., According to these findings, Elmacık fossil bed shows a bed feature where comparisons can be made in view of the spread and migration of the upper Neogene faunal species. Between 2006 - 2009, excavations were made in five localities in Elmacık fossil beds. Through this excavations, the presence of twelve different macro species were identified in the region, macro proboscidians being in the first place. Among the excavated fossils, defense tooth of South Mamut, has been the largest ivory ever found in Turkey. Palaeontological findings excavated from the Elmacık beds, will be exhibited in a museum of natural history established in the center of Burdur.With new work to be done in the Elmacık fossil beds, withdrawal stages of Burdur Pliocene lake, Pliocene tectonic movements affecting the region and new evidence of Quaternary transition period may also be obtained.

Keywords: Elmacık fossil beds, Burdur Formation, South mammoth, the natural history museum.

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Nurfeddin KAHRAMAN, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS REMUNERATION THE CASE OF AGRICULTURE

Włodzimierz Rembisz, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-

NRI) Agata Sielska, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI)

Abstract

The article aims at presenting the fundamental relationship between remuneration and productivity of labor factor. It is explored analytically, own development, and empirically. It is investigated at the level of the agricultural sector, derived from the microeconomic level, i.e. an agricultural producer. The empirical evidence is based on the FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) data for 2004-2012 for Member States that joined the European Union in 2004. Keywords: objective function of an agricultural producer, productivity of the labour factor, remuneration of the labour factor *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Włodzimierz Rembisz, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI) E-Mail Address: [email protected]

MULTICULTURALISM, ETHNIC DIVISIONS AND CIVIC IDENTITIES IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: CASE STUDY OF

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA

Ana Devic,

Abstract

This paper analyses the responses of the inhabitants of Bosnia-Herzegovina to questions about their ethnic and state (civic) belonging in terms of the groups and institutions with which they identify. It is based on the results of the 2011 survey of 1,518 respondents in Bosnia-Herzegovina, conducted by the IPSOS Strategic Marketing agency and funded by the Norwegian Research Council. The main question was: Can we speak about Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) as a state with equal representation for all its citizens – or do they identify primarily on an ethnic basis, seeing Bosnia-Herzegovina as a state that serves and represents some ethnicities more than others? These issues are particularly relevant since, nearly two decades after the signing of the Dayton Accords, which ended the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and divided the country into two 'entities' (the Bosniak–Croat Federation and the Serb Republic), the political and social opportunities and hierarchies in the country remain determined by ethnic markers. Nationalist parties still command the largest following, and there is a lack of institutions that can transcend ethnic divides. According to many commentators (see Chandler 1999; Bieber 2006a, 2006b; Pickering 2007), the Dayton Accords have served to cement the ethnonationalist divisions drawn through the war violence: post-1995 BiH is not a society organized according to the wishes of its population, since vast numbers were forced to leave their homes and resettle in territories that were ethnically 'cleansed' and homogenized during and after the war.

Keywords: opportunities and hierarchies in the country

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ana Devic, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

VALIDITY OF DOUBLE DIVIDEND HYPOTHESİS IN EU-15 COUNTRIES

Mahmut Unsal SASMAZ, Usak University Department of Public Finance, İzmir Yolu 8.Km 1.Eylül Kampüsü,

64200 Usak, Turkey

Abstract

The increases in climate change, biological diversity loss, ecosystem degradation, effects of chemical pollution on the human health, scarcity of the sources, energy and water security have experience in the world in recent years together with globalization and the sharp increases in the mass production. In this regard, especially developed countries have begun to implement the policies such as environmental tax reforms to overcome these problems. This study examines the impact of environmental tax reforms on both environment and employment in EU-15 countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom) during the period 1995-2012 by using panel cointegration and Panel FMOLS tests. We found that the double dividend hypothesis was valid in EU-15 countries.

Keywords: Double dividend hypothesis, Environmental tax reform, Panel data analysis

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Mahmut Unsal SASMAZ, Usak University Department of Public Finance, İzmir Yolu 8.Km 1.Eylül Kampüsü, 64200 Usak, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

CAP SUPPORT AS A SOURCE OF CAPITAL AND LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY – ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Agnieszka Bezat-Jarzębowska, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute Włodzimierz Rembisz, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute Abstract The level of internal generation of financial funds, i.e. savings, is limited by the achieved productivity and profitability of production. As aside not, it appears easier to overcome the income problem as the basis for that generation of savings by means of interventionism and the underlying transfer of funds from other

fields of operation through the national and EU budget to the agricultural holdings. This is a supplementation of the internally generated funds.In the paper, the authors will signal the basic relations between the savings, investments and increase in production capital of an agricultural producer and an increase of its labour productivity as a basis of growth of income. The goal is to demonstrate the following relations in this respect that form an intrinsic circuitous movement with mutual interdependencies. For the proof of legitimacy of that simple analytical model, the authors will reach to the neoclassical models and endogenous models of growth of labour productivity as a basis of economic growth. Hence, this part of considerations will contain more about the macroeconomic approach not only meaning the implications but also the analytical assumptions.

Keywords: agricultural producers, income, efficiency, transfers, subsidies and support for agriculture

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Agnieszka Bezat-Jarzębowska, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute

E-Mail Address: [email protected]

HUMAN RIGHTS ASPECTS OF EUROPEAN FOREIGN POLICY

Ali AYATA,

Abstract

The development policy of the European Union is a policy area that has developed rapidly, especially after the Cold War and the conflicts between Eastern countries. In the 1990s, the EU issued a development profile and started the human rights and democracy concepts into the Treaty of European Union officially as guiding principles in its foreign policy. Even before the importance of human rights and democracy in

the founding treaties of the European Union was mentioned, strengthening the identity of the European Union could be brought at the international level from the start with respect for these criteria together, because these criteria were the grounds for the EU. The specific aim of this work is to consider the human rights dimension of EU development, cooperation and also some related policy issues and implementation problems in practice, which are considered in theoretical approaches in the study. It should be also noted that while the EU acts as an institution and also relief organization, it makes use of its own funds and budgets, not its Member States. Within this context, the activities of the Union to promote human rights could be interpreted as cultural imperialism.

Keywords: Human Rights, European Union, Foreign Policy, Cultural Imperialism.

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ali AYATA, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

TESTING OF THE CROWDING OUT EFFECT FOR TURKEY Veli YILANCI, Financial Econometrics, Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187,

Turkey Mücahit AYDIN, Financial Econometrics, Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187,

Turkey

Abstract

In this study, we test the effect of public investment on private sector investment for Turkey for the period 1980-2014. There can be three different types of relationship between them. Public investment can have crowding in effect on private sector investment. That is, an increase in public investments creates same way change in private sector investments. Public investment can have crowding out effect on private sector investment. In other words, an increase in public investments decreases private sector investments Public investment can have no effect on private sector investment. We first test the existence of the relationship between them by using recently introduced unit root and cointegration tests. We test the stationarity of the variables by using Kapetanios (2005) unit root test and test the long run relationship by employing Maki (2009) cointegration test. Both of the tests allow multiple structural breaks which determined endogenously. Since we find the long run relationship between public and private sector investments we examine the type of the effect using FMOLS cointegrating model which supports evidence for the crowding-in effect.

Keywords: Crowding Out Effect, Cointegration, Structural Breaks.

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Veli YILANCI, Financial Econometrics, Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187, Turkey. E-Mail Address: [email protected]

PRESENTATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS PROFESSION ON ONLINE JOB ADVERTISEMENTS IN TURKEY

Deniz Ozer, Firat University, Communication Faculty, Elazig, Turkey

Abstract

Public Relations is a vital function that enables the communication in coordinating the interaction between corporations and society. Although there is an established understanding on the characteristics

of public relations and public relations profession among the academia, there is clear evidence that in different sectors, public relations is perceived in a variety of dissimilar ways. In present study an investigation has been conducted on “public relations” titled job advertisements posted on the two online human resources websites in Turkey. By employing content analysis method, these job advertisements have been examined with respect to variables such as “business type, city, experience, gender, education level, department to be employed, graduation, foreign language skills and position to be employed” in addition to the job description and general qualifications sought in the candidates. The research covers the period of one month from 1-31 August 2015. The objective of this research is to focus on the characteristics of public relations profession and the way this profession is perceived by companies. Based on collected data an attempt has been made to draw conclusions on the general qualifications sought in the candidates to be employed as public relations professionals and the way this profession is perceived by companies. In the light of these conclusions whether or not a discrepancy exists between the perceived characteristics of public relations and the characteristics that should be inherent in the profession are the interrogated issues.

Keywords: Public relations, job advertisements, presentation of the profession, content analysis.

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Deniz Ozer, Firat University, Communication Faculty, Elazig, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY TEST: THE CASE OF TURKEY Mücahit AYDIN, Financial Econometrics, Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187,

Turkey Veli YILANCI, Financial Econometrics, Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187,

Turkey Abstract

The main purpose of the study is to test the sustainability of fiscal policies for Turkish economy using quarterly series over the period 2000:1 to 2015:2. By considering Kremers (1989) sustainability condition we test the debt-income ratio by using Lee-Strazicich unit root test which allow structural breaks under both null and alternative hypothesis. The test results we obtained show that the series has a unit root which indicates the un-sustainability of public debt. Keywords: Fiscal policies, Fiscal Sustainability, Unit root test. *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Mücahit AYDIN, Financial Econometrics, Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

PRESENTATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS PROFESSION ON ONLINE JOB ADVERTISEMENTS IN TURKEY

Deniz Ozer, Firat University, Communication Faculty, Elazig, Turkey

Abstract

Public Relations is a vital function that enables the communication in coordinating the interaction between corporations and society. Although there is an established understanding on the characteristics of public relations and public relations profession among the academia, there is clear evidence that in different sectors, public relations is perceived in a variety of dissimilar ways. In present study an investigation has been conducted on “public relations” titled job advertisements posted on the two online human resources websites in Turkey. By employing content analysis method, these job advertisements have been examined with respect to variables such as “business type, city, experience, gender, education level, department to be employed, graduation, foreign language skills and position to be employed” in addition to the job description and general qualifications sought in the candidates. The research covers the period of one month from 1-31 August 2015. The objective of this research is to focus on the characteristics of public relations profession and the way this profession is perceived by companies. Based on collected data an attempt has been made to draw conclusions on the general qualifications sought in the candidates to be employed as public relations professionals and the way this profession is perceived by companies. In the light of these conclusions whether or not a discrepancy exists between the perceived characteristics of public relations and the characteristics that should be inherent in the profession are the interrogated issues.

Keywords: Public relations, job advertisements, presentation of the profession, content analysis.

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Deniz Ozer, Firat University, Communication Faculty, Elazig, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

DETERMINANTS OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION AND PURCHASE INTENTION OF TRADE

OFFICES IN KISH ISLAND (CASE OF MICA MALL) Arezou Mobasserian, MSc in MBA, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Kish campus, Kish, Iran Afsaneh Jafari, MSc in MBA, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract Word of mouth (WOM) is becoming recognized as an important form of promotion and an important source of information influencing consumer’s purchase behavior. The purpose is to survey the effect of WOM on touristcustomers’ decision for purchasing Trade Offices of Mica Mall in Kish Island. Data was collected through a field research among 145 customers who have invested in Mika Mall offices, and the data were analyzed using correlation and structural equation modeling. The survey period was from Jun 2 to Jun 29, 2015. A questionnaire was provided for theories test by researcher. The validity and reliability of questionnaire was confirmed consequently by experts and Cronbach's Alpha by SPSS software. SEM was used for hypotheses testing. Two findings have been concluded in this survey. First, tie strength, source expertise, and reference group are the main antecedents of WOM seeking behavior. Second, WOM seeking behavior is the main determinant of purchase intention of Mika Mall trade offices. Managers should develop the completely understanding of WOM and try to stimulate WOM about trade offices among potential customers, because most customers are influenced by information which achieved from informal resources. Keywords: Word-of-Mouth, Expertise, Reference group, Tie stnegth, Purchase intention, Mica Mall *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Arezou Mobasserian, MSc in MBA, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Kish campus, Kish, Iran E-Mail Address: [email protected]

SELF AND OTHER IN ISLAMIC TRADITION, THE POSSIBILITY OF A DIALOGUE-BASED

CONVERSATIONAL ENCOUNTERING

Hamid Nassaj, Seiyed Hamid Zareh,

Abstract

“Self” and “other” and their relation have been questioned. 7 types of political confrontation between self and other and in a wider scope between “our” culture and “their” culture are perceivable: Occupation, transformation, assimilation, mild assimilation, liberalism, conflict, and dialogue-based engagement. The first six were dominant in political history of humankind. But the last type is the only appreciated one that provides the path of development and progress in the shadow of peace and security.Findings of this article show that although the dialogue-based engagement was not the dominant type, but there are some prominent and obvious cases in the Islamic heritage. Scientific contestation of Ja'far ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq and 'Alī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā with the believers of the other religions and evet atheists and the encountering of Abū al-Rayhān Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Bīrūnī with Indians in his everlasting book, Indica are examples of dialogue-based engagement.

Keywords: Self and Other, Otherness, Islamic Tradition, Islamic Heritage, Dialogue.

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Hamid Nassaj, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN TURKEY

Yilmaz Bayar, Usak University Department of Economics, İzmir Yolu 8.Km 1.Eylül Kampüsü, 64200 Usak, Turkey

Abstract

The globalization accelerated especially as of 1980s and the countries began to integrate global economy and remove the constraints on the flows of goods, services and capital. In this context, the developed countries partly shifted their environmentally hazardous production activities to the developing countries especially by means of foreign direct investments. This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment inflows on the environmental pollution in Turkey during the period 1974-2010 by using Toda and Yamamoto (1995) causality test. We found that there was a bidirectional causality between foreign direct investment inflows and emissions.

Keywords: Foreign direct investment inflows, emissions, causality analysis

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Yilmaz Bayar, Usak University Department of Economics, İzmir Yolu 8.Km 1.Eylül Kampüsü, 64200 Usak, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

SECURITY THREATS AND CHALLENGES IN THE POST-SOVIET CENTRAL ASIA: RELIGION-BASED EXTREMISM ON

CASE STUDY OF ISIS

Fatima Kukeyeva, PhD in International Relations Leila Delovarova, PhD in International Relations Yermek Chukubayev, PhD in International Relations Kozhakhmetov Olzhas, PhD in International Relations

http://www.google.kz/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCQQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astanatimes.com%2F2014%2F02%2Fkey-security-challenges-central-asia%2F&ei=cPHKVPSVOIGuygOxu4CQCw&usg=AFQjCNE5iyuJFqdA8cdDZ2ZD87KpDzDQxA&bvm=bv.84607526,d.bGQ

Abstract

Nowadays the post-Soviet Central Asian countries face a broad range of security challenges and threats. Some of them are systemic in nature, while others occur sporadically. Many challenges and threats are coming from the outside the region, but the countries’ internal situation and background including historical, economic, social and political aspects. The reaction in the countries on religious-based radicalism and movements like ISIS is an ambiguous. The range and level of the threats and challenges depends on various reasons and different in all Central Asian countries. But the case of ISIS is very unprecedented and needs to be under the special analysis through the political and socio-economic dimension in all states. The different ways of development chosen by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan and different background including borders, political systems, the role of religion and social stability defines the reflection to the threat in different way. Tajilistan and Uzbekistan are in high risk zone. The existing regional and extra regional organizations as CSTO and SCO are important in terms of security strengthening in Central Asia. Analyzing the general social, economic and religion climate picture in terms of absorbing or reflecting religious based extremism and ISIS the real power to stop it can be both effective inter-governmental cooperation and coordination with strong civil society support.

Keywords: SCO are important in terms of security

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Fatima Kukeyeva, PhD in International Relations E-Mail Address: [email protected]

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS ON TAX REVENUES IN THE TRANSITION ECONOMIES OF

EUROPEAN UNION

Hakki Odabas, Usak University Department of Public Finance, İzmir Yolu 8.Km 1.Eylül Kampüsü, 64200 Usak, Turkey

Abstract

There have been significant increases in the flows of foreign direct investment inflows in the world together with the globalization process as of 1980s. In this regard, this study examines the impact of foreign direct investment inflows on the tax revenues in the selected transition economies of the European Union including Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia and Slovenia during

the period 1996-2012 by using Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality test. We found that there was unidirectional causality from foreign direct investment net inflows to the tax revenues, and also there was unidirectional causality from foreign direct investment net inflows to the economic growth.

Keywords: Tax revenues, foreign direct investment inflows, economic growth, panel data analysis

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Hakki Odabas, Usak University Department of Public Finance, İzmir Yolu 8.Km 1.Eylül Kampüsü, 64200 Usak, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

RIGHT-WING EUROSCEPTICISM IN THE UK: THE CASES OF THE UK INDEPENDENCE PARTY AND THE CONSERVATIVE

PARTY BETWEEN 1993 AND 2015 Roman Blagoveščenskij, Roman Blagoveščenskij, Lithuania Abstract The outcome of the 2014 elections of the European Parliament and the results of the 2015 national elections begged the question of whether the parties defending Eurosceptic positions are becoming prominent political forces in the UK.The research question is as follows: what are the similarities and differences between the two main right-wing parties of the UK, namely the Conservatives and the UKIP, in their anti-EU rhetoric and what are the reasons for such rhetoric in the last two decades? Keywords: Conservatives and the UKIP, in their anti-EU rhetoric *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Roman Blagoveščenskij, Roman Blagoveščenskij, Lithuania


SAN REMO CONFERENCE AND THE FOUNDATION OF TURKEY

Ali Okumuş, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11212, Turkey

Abstract

The partition of the Ottoman State and the formation of new countries in the Near East are the main issues during the peace treaties after the First World War. When the Treaty of Versailles effectuated in 10 January 1920, these issues became unsolved and important questions for the European Powers. For this reason many conferences and meetings had hold in between the countries which won the War. After the First London Conference the allies came together and hold a meeting in San Remo City in Italy (18-26 April 1920) and they gave decision most of the issues about the Middle East. This paper will consist with, how the result of the San Remo Meting affected the partition of Ottoman Empire and the foundation of modern Turkey.

Keywords: San Remo Meting, Middle East

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ali Okumuş, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11212, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

EDUCATION FOR STATEHOOD AS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF CIVIL DEFENCE EDUCATION IN

CZECHOSLOVAKIA IN THE YEARS BETWEEN 1918 AND 1939

Stepan Kavan, Prazska 52b, 370 06 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

This article is a reflection of statehood education as a basic element of education. The research focuses on the period after the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 to the time before World War II in 1939. The aim of the research is to explore the basic approaches to the implementation of education for statehood in terms of the creation of a new state in relation to civil defence education in Czechoslovakia. The comparative historical analysis will be utilized as the research method on the subject of education for statehood. The comparative historical analysis is used as a specific tool for qualitative research. This is a procedure which can be applied to the statehood issue of education to its basic elements, by which it will

be possible to learn more about this phenomenon and subsequently explain it. Perceptions and ideas about the tasks of the state have gradually changed and evolved. This means the creation and development of the legal order, providing security and order within the state. Education for statehood was directed to such education and creating an environment so that every citizen, irrespective of nationality, religion, political opinion and social environment in which they live, has the physical and mental ability and willing to enthusiastically and faithfully fulfill their civic duties.

Keywords: Statehood; Czechoslovak Republic, civil defence education *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Stepan Kavan, Prazska 52b, 370 06 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic E-Mail Address: [email protected]

REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN POLAND: A SPATIAL STATISTICS APPROACH

Agata Sielska, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI) Aleksandra Pawłowska, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI) Abstract An economic growth is considered in the agricultural economics as a central issue, most generally understood as long-term process of increasing agricultural production. Especially in neoclassical theory, the economic growth is determined mainly by a labour productivity. Hence, level and rate of change of the labour productivity are significant, particularly in the context of state activities for rural development. Our research objective was to examine spatial diversity of the labour productivity in Poland. The following partial objectives were also defined: measurement of strength and direction of inter-territorial dependencies and identification of clusters with high (or low) labour productivity level. Keywords: agricultural economics, labour productivity, gross value added, spatial autocorrelation

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Agata Sielska, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI) E-Mail Address: [email protected]

CLEAVAGES AND POLITICAL PLURALISM IN THE SMALL MUNICIPALITY IN CZECH REPUBLIC

Sylvie Kobzev Kotásková, Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Management, Kamýcká 129,165 21, Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

This paper deals with the issue of the existence cleavages in rural communities in the Czech Republic. The paper is focused on an analysis of the party system in small municipality Kamenná and the pluralism and the political environment in the municipality of Kamenná. This paper aims to clarify the formation of cleavage in the given municipality. A partial aim is to analyse the voting behaviour in the municipality, as well as a subsequent evaluation of the political participation of the residents of the Kamenná municipality. In the analysis of voting behaviour, the paper focuses on analysing the dispersion of electoral votes and subsequent evaluation of how voters vote.

Keywords: Pluralism, Municipality, Cleavages, Political Process, Municipal Elections

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Sylvie Kobzev Kotásková, Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Management, Kamýcká 129,165 21, Prague, Czech Republic E-Mail Address: [email protected]

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF THE ELECTION ECONOMY IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

(SOME EXAMPLES ABOUT TURKEY)

Engin Hepaksaz, İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Public Finance, Balatcik Campus, 35620 Cigli, İzmir, Turkey

Abstract

Despite the risk of deterioration of the balance of budget and economy during election periods, the parties can go to election economy applications in order to remain in power depending on competition between themselves. Especially the incumbent uses fiscal policies for reelection purposes. Here the incumbent intends to secure reelection by maximizing his expected vote share at the next election and follow expansionary policies just before the elections and reverse the trend after the elections in order to smooth the negative effects of pre-election budget deficit. All these applications may cause deterioration of budget balances, budget deficit and economic instability leading to an increase in debt with a significant increase of public spending relative to tax revenues. But in terms of election economy not only the public policies but also the other factors (level of development, institutional quality and media access, level of democracy, political and economic crisis, constitutional rules, transparency etc.) play a key role which focus on the idea of heterogeneity across countries. In this study, factors affecting the success of the election economy in developed and developing countries are evaluated and some examples are given about Turkey’s 30-year period of elections from 1983 to 2015.

Keywords: Election Economy, Ruling Party, Budget Deficit, Turkey

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Engin Hepaksaz, İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Public Finance, Balatcik Campus, 35620 Cigli, İzmir, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

TEN YEARS ON: A CASE STUDY OF MIGRANT EDUCATION IN URBAN CHIANG MAI

Nongyao Nawarat, The Centre for Multiculturalism and Education Policy and the Faculty of Education, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

Abstract

In 2005, Thailand’s cabinet approved new education regulations apparently designed to enable all migrant children to access state schools. Public monitoring of these measures remains weak. The present paper reports a recent case study designed to contribute to understanding the present state of educational access of migrant children, and the conditions which are affecting it, including their experiences when attending school. The case study was of the community in one of the migrant worker camps associated with housing developments in Chiang Mai city. The researchers administered a questionnaire-based survey, which included both structured and semi-structured questioning. The main research question was how many of the school-age children were currently attending school. Keywords: recent case study designed to contribute *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Nongyao Nawarat, The Centre for Multiculturalism and Education Policy and the Faculty of Education, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand E-Mail Address: [email protected]

THE EVALUATION OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR PERSONNEL PROVIDED AS AN OUTSOURCED WAY AT A

MILITARY HOSPITAL

Necmettin CIHANGIROGLU, Health Services Management, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-

Ankara, Turkey Bilal BAKIR, Health, Gulhane Medical School, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

In this study it was aimed to examine the quality of outsourcing transportation services provided for personnel at a military hospital in Turkey by using SERVQUAL method. This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study from 7 to 29 August 2014 at a military hospital in Ankara. One thousand questionnaires were distributed, 730 were received back, but 176 were excluded from analysis due to missing or false responses. The rest of 554 questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows 18.0 package program. The SERVQUAL scale which was developed by Parasuraman et al. (1988) was the main scale in the study. The scale highlights the main components of high quality service as five factors - reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness - that create the acronym RATER.

Keywords: Outsorcing, Transportation services, hospital

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Necmettin CIHANGIROGLU, Health Services Management, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

OCCUPATIONAL STRESS OF THE NONMEDICAL PERSONNEL AT A TRAINING HOSPITAL

Necmettin CIHANGIROGLU, Health Services Management, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-

Ankara, Turkey Gulfer Dogan PEKINCE,Gynecology and obstetrics department, Nursing School, Ege Uni. Health Science

Institute, Izmir, Turkey Nurgul DOGAN, Anatomy, Gulhane Medical School, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara,

Turkey Cenk KILIC, Anatomy, Gulhane Medical School, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey Bilal BAKIR, Public Health, Gulhane Medical School, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara,

Turkey

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the stress sources and its harmful effects on the personnel working at a military training hospital in Ankara in 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study included the nonmedical administrative staff working at the hospital. The inquiry form, developed previously (Agma, 2007) was used to reveal the reasons of stress and its effects. Totally, 250 inquiry forms were distributed, 161 were analysed. Results: While Employee Social Environment (ESE) Stressors have had the lowest mean score (1,53 ± 0,77) suggesting the highest impact, Working conditions Stressors factors have had the highest (2,13 ± 1,01). No significant result was found when compared mean scores of ESE between groups based on age, sex, marital status, and work duration with the exception of the groups based on education levels (p=0,037). Conclusion: Results of this research indicate that the occupational stressors existing in the hospital have led to very high stress on all the administrative staff involved in this study.

Low decision latitude seems to be one major factor contributing this high level of job stress. Verbal abuse and mobbing might cause the remarkable part of the given stress. Keywords: Occupational Stress, stressors, the effects of stress, hospital, administrative staff *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Necmettin CIHANGIROGLU, Health Services Management, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey E-Mail Address: [email protected]

THE DETERMINANTS OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT EXPORT IN BRICT COUNTRIES: AN ECONOMETRIC

APPROACH Oktay KIZILKAYA, Ahmet Ay, Emrah SOFUOĞLU,

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between R&D expenditures, patent acceptance, openness and high technology product export. For this purpose, using panel FMOLS method, we examined BRICT (Brasil, Russia, India, China, Turkey) countries over the period of 2000-2011. According to the results, in the long run, all variables have positive impact on high technolgy product export. In the light of the findings obtained from the analysis, we present some policy recommendations in the conclusion. Keywords: HighTechnology Product Export, R&D, Panel FMOLS. *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Oktay KIZILKAYA, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

EDUCATION OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE AND CINEMA Gozde Muserref Gezguc, Ceray Aldemır, Abstract It is becoming really common to find a new way in teaching and learning political science. The main idea behind this pursuit is to create a path-breaking method in political science education. By bearing in mind this intention at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University (MUSKU) Public Administration Department we decided not only to focus on the textbooks and articles, but also corroborate our core courses by showing Turkish and foreign movies to undergraduate class students who have different cultural and national origins. We will show 20 movies related to culture, history, equality, gender and justice by building relations with our core courses such as Political Science, Comparative Public Administration, Gender Equality, Culture and Politics. During this study it has been observed that it is possible to concrete Political Science’s intangible concepts by movies for the undergraduate students. While these concepts such as democracy, equality and culture may evoke varied things to the different background-students, we saw that by using visual media and especially movies these concepts could have the same meaning for those students. Keywords: concepts could have the same meaning for those students. *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Gozde Muserref Gezguc, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

REGIME CHANGES OF POST-SOVIET STATES OF CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS

Stanislav Shkel, Abstract The subject of this research is the political regimes of the post-Soviet states of Central Asia and Caucasus. The author gives an in-depth analysis to the typology problems of the modern political regimes and the methodological aspects of measuring the regime dynamics. Special attention is given to the issue of operationalization of the proposed concepts and review of empirical data,which can objectively reflect the character of the political regimes. The author claims that the measurement of these two parameters: level of competition among the elites and the degree of influence of informal practices within the political process, represents the most relevant assessment of the regime forms of the post-Soviet states. A synthesis of two theoretical concepts is used in this article. It offers the typology of the political regimes, developed upon the electoral and neopatrimonial approaches. By combining the two basic variables (level of competition and the autonomy of the elites) six possible regime types are determined: atomized particularism, sultanism, neopatrimonial authoritarianism, neopatrimonial polyarchy, institutionalized authoritarianism and institutionalized polyarchy. For the offered criteria of the assessment of the regimes, the author formulates a method of operationalization using the data from the electoral statistics and indexing the levels of corruption. The regime dynamics of the post-Soviet states of Central Asia and Caucasus is presented in the article as a demonstration of the practical implementation of the developed typology. Keywords: sultanism, neopatrimonial authoritarianism, neopatrimonial

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Stanislav Shkel, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN TURKISH POLITICS: 2011-2015 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN THE CONTEXT

OF AN COMPARISON

Fulya Akyıldız,

Abstract

Until recently in both Turkish and Western languages gender and biological sex have not been distinguished concepts. However, in a subsequent period, the body's acceptance as a cultural status, has brought in to discuss the issue. Thus, gender and sex are differentiated from each other. This new concept of community-based set for male and female defines or limits women and men in politics, economics, law, family, management, work briefly in all fields of society with different roles, different responsibilities and different movement areas.Political participation, representation and delegation to the emphasis here is the main problem area. Today, the focus of studies on the participation in political life of women is that women are looking to take part in political life. However, the subject of this kind of work is not enough merely to restrict the participation. In addition to the participation of women in political life, the lack of their political competition and not in contention, or in other words their existence sustain, even increase the number them, is a problem area that must be taken into account.In the study, women represent a problem in the Turkish political system historically taken up, female participation enhancing public regulations, female nomination rate of political parties, working for women's side organizations such as the women's branches of political parties will be discussed. Finally, the results of the parliamentary elections held on 06.07.2015 in Turkey, with the previous parliamentary election results held on 12.06.2011 examined in women representation, it will try to put forward the position of women in Turkey's political map.

Keywords: Representation of women, Turkey, Political life

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Fulya Akyıldız, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION – SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE POLITICS

Sebastian Jarzębowski, Abstract When analyzing the enterprise performance one should keep in mind not only its internal activities but also relationship to the environment. It is obvious that to ensure continuous performance improvement each enterprise should have some kind of symbiotic relations with its suppliers and customers. This aspect of enterprise analysis was shown in the economic literature. Elements like: information asymmetry and emerging on its basis transaction costs (including property rights and external effects), as well as increasing economies of scale undermine the market equilibrium theory’s assumptions and may cause an incentive for market participants to organize collaborative activities. These activities are referred to as connections with external partners in form of integration. One may argue that the cooperative forms are necessary to achieve the optimal state of the economy. Keywords: undermine the market equilibrium theory’s *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Sebastian Jarzębowski, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

CIVIL SERVANTS IN EU AND TURKEY Seçkin Yavuzdoğan, Abstract The paper starts with an overwiew about the traditional civil service and an analysis of its strength and weaknesses.After that the paper presents the findings of a survey on EU civil services.The paper describes some new developments in recruitment for the classes.Also some comprehensions will be made between the institutions responsible for public sector education in EU and Turkey.Finally paper analyses to which extent the traditional contents and methods of civil service education have been adjusted to meet the present and future requirements and challenges of the EU and Turkish public sector. Keywords: requirements and challenges *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Seçkin Yavuzdoğan, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

NATURE’S GIFT, MAN’S CURSE: NATURAL RESOURCES AND PROSPECT OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC

REPUBLIC OF CONGO Victor OJAKOROTU, Abstract Today, it has become evident that oil has been brought into the mainstream of national politics and International relations. It is a resource that has profound impact on the economies of all countries, be it the haves or have-nots. The endowments of this resource by African states have rather constituted to be a ‘curse’ than a catalyst for development as its presence has increased incidence, duration and intensity of intra-state conflicts in Africa. Although Africa is richly endowed with vital mineral resources, it remains the poorest and most politically unstable region in the world. Whereas other regions of the world have enjoyed a dramatic progression in their development since the outset of decolonization, Africa has been plagued by backwardness, “resource curse” and violent conflicts. Currently there is a general debate on the nexus between natural resources and development in Africa with most analyses of this nexus focusing on the authoritarian nature of African states, the rise of ethnic militias, corruption and the policies and activities of foreign oil multinationals. Keywords: ethnic militias, corruption and the policies and activities *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Victor OJAKOROTU, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

CHINA’S VISION(S) FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

Mustafa Tüter, Abstract Any attempt to make a categorical definition of Chinese power, to determine its position in the international system as status quo or revisionist one, plays out a new question to understand: its vision for the international system. Although there is a clear distinction between pessimists and optimists in the literature about China’s rise and its intentions for the future, the optimists and those in the middle position comes to the point that the official statement of China’s prospects for “peaceful development” can be taken as a starting point to analyze the present situation. It reflects the assumption that China’s vision inevitably contributes to shape the future international system. The participation of Chinese scholars in the field to the debate makes the interpretations more “intensified” and helps them become more “Chinese” in character. The academic interactions between Chinese and American scholars helps us understand the deep “interdependence” between two countries and see the divergence of viewpoints from both sides. This new trend shows the validity of “a theory of socialization” though the academic institutions as well. The diversity of ideas and perpectives in Chinese discourse, including both academic and public, also provides an ability to focus on the possibility of peaceful future for the international system. Even if this variety of competing ideas are interpreted by some analysts in a different way, at least it shows the dynamic environment and the multiple aspects of discussion in China and supports the general idea of dialogue and cooperation for peaceful international system. Keywords: variety of competing ideas are interpreted *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Mustafa Tüter, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

THE FUTURE OF IRAN- SAUDI ARABIA RELATIONS IN POST-SANCTION ERA

Mahdi Abedi, Elmira Kianpour,

Abstract

Many observers believed that any reconciliation on Iran nuclear case would eventually led to hold a more moderate foreign policy by the Islamic Republic of Iran in general and finally a significant detention toward Arab countries in particular. They argued that the sanction regime has pushed Iran to adopt a tough foreign policy both in regional and international levels so that as long as UN Security Council dismantle those sanctions Iran no longer needs to pursue its aggressive foreign policy. They discuss that Iran-Five plus one agreement on Iran nuclear case may function as a powerful structure of detent despite of any hardliner’s will that could be considered as Agent Barrier against a smoother foreign policy. The experience of cold war detent is the model that they struggle to apply on Iranian case.

Keywords: discuss that Iran-Five plus one agreement

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Mahdi Abedi, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

TURKEY’S HUMANITARIAN DIPLOMACY STRATEGY AND FOOD INSECURITY OF MENA COUNTRIES

Sabri AYDIN, Abstract

In recent years, Turkey’s expenditures in humanitarian aid tremendously escalated from 85 million dollars in 2003 to 3.5 billion dollars in 2013. Turkey, ranked the fourth among emergency donor countries of the world, has been providing humanitarian aid to more than one hundred countries on five continents. Substantial amount of these aids, provided for Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, consist of nutrition and aimed to meet the food demand in crisis areas, carrying out Turkey’s humanitarian diplomacy strategy of consolidating its existence in such turbulent zones. This region is also the world’s most food import dependent region that imports half of its wheat needs, and consequently is affected socially and economically from the peaks in global food prices. Given such conditions of the region, it is believed by this study that Turkey’s humanitarian diplomatic initiatives toward MENA countries should exceed the aim of existing in crisis areas, and be somehow leading for prevention of such food insecurity in the region. Following this way, by the aid of its governmental and non-governmental humanitarian aid agencies, Turkey should try to provide technical assistance for decreasing food import dependency of regional countries and establishing necessary local food systems that would not be severely affected from the volatility in global food prices.

Keywords: believed by this study that Turkey’s humanitarian *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Sabri AYDIN, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

SCENARIOS FOR FUTURE CITIES: TECHNOLOGIES AND DESIGN

Jeffrey Hale Collins, Abstract From the early 20th century up to present virtual models of cities, architects, technologists, and urban planners have envisioned city-scapes for the future inhabitants of our planet. This paper explores the technological, social, and political implications of designs already in place, and future cities based in new energy sources and sustainability. Keywords: based in new energy sources and sustainability *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Jeffrey Hale Collins, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

THE USING OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS:

“TWITTER” IN 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS

Zühal Fidan, Abstract

While the technological process evolved from traditional into social and adds people from all walks of life, politicalplatform is also attempting to find its place in this order. During that time in which one way information sharing passed todouble-sided and simultaneous information sharing, social mediums have become one of basic campaign arguments of politicians.Conception of mutual interacting with voters in general through internet and particularly through social media beganto gain more efficiency during every election period. Politicians now try to be organized by carrying out their campaignsthrough social media and conveying political messages by this means. The effects of using ‘Twitter’ as political platformduring the general elections on 8th June has been considered in this study. Data obtained from study shows that ‘Twitter’couldn’t reshape politics and voter during this election but could become a strong campaign material during next election. Based on this, the study discuses the political message that is used on election campaign via the ‘Twitter’.‘Twitter’ is a new era micro blog site that called social media. Before the election date on 08.06.2015, the (AKP,CHP, MHP) political party who have group in the parliment how to use the Twitter, how often and for whatpurpose? This questions are the focal point of the study. The research findings are determined by the method ofcontent analysis; at the end of the study, it is evaluated that the ‘Twitter’ is used/ or not used to be as an effective andfunctional political campaign tool.

Keywords: Social Media, Internet, Twitter, Political Communication, Political Campaigns.

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Zühal Fidan, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

IR THEORIES, WESTERN IMAGINATION AND WORLD ORDER: A CRITICAL ENGAGEMENT

Prasanta Kumar Sahu,

Abstract

Mainstream International Theory is consumed by its proclivity towards order, the genesis of which has been attributed to its statist ontology. Such theorizations, by drawing binaries between order and disorder either assume or normalize order or obfuscate and suggest ways of mitigating any kind of disorder. Paradoxically though, questions about the fundamental edifice of order are marked by silences. This paper attempts to question the relevance of Western International Relations Theories to understand the making of the non-western world. This paper both traces and questions the historical constitution of these categories. In brief conventional IR does not self-consciously discriminate ontology by definite historical experience. The ontological variations across different paradigms are variation on the broad them of Western imaginations of the world, one that naturalizes historical experiences and deploys the meta-narratives of power (realism), market (liberalism), or class (dependency) as universal master keys that unlock the secrets of international politics across time and space. Do specific historical mappings of space and time require distinctive cognitive tools? This paper attempts to find on answer by problem mating the ontological and epistemological basis of the idea of the world order. Within the context of world order, this obtains a theoretical framework that precludes any normative reflection on the making and unmaking of world order or the principles that sustain that order. The paper looks at how different branches of International Relations Theory envisage world order and the silences embedded therein. Further, by locating order and disorder inhabiting the same reality along a continuum, alternative readings of world orders are drawn from the critical theoretical traditions, in which various articulations of justice impart the key normative pillar to the world order.

Keywords: order, disorder, ontology, epistemology, cognitive, meta-narratives, etc…

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Prasanta Kumar Sahu, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

FORMATION OF A NATION: THE CASE OF BOSNIAN MUSLIMS

Ayca Berna Gormez, Abstract In this study, the formation of the Bosniak nation will be evaluated with references to ethno-symbolist approach to nationalism. Ethno-symbolism analyzes the formation of the nation rather than the nation-states. Ethno-symbolist approach is taken as the base since it puts greater emphasis on the subjective elements such as myth, common ancestry, shared culture and values in the construction or formation of the nation. Ethnicity is considered as the origin of the nation. The case of Bosnian Muslims will be evaluated in these regards. In this study, it is argued that there are three turning points for the Bosnian Muslims in history that make them nation. The first one is the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia in 1878. The second turning point is the recognition of Bosnian Muslims as a separate nationality by Yugoslavia in 1968 and last one is the Bosnian war that took place between 1992-1995. After these events, it is argued, Bosnian Muslims became a nation, namely Bosniaks. Keywords: Bosnian Muslims became a nation, namely Bosniaks. *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ayca Berna Gormez, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

ASSESSING TECHNICAL, ALLOCATIVE AND OVERALL EFFICIENCY IN PRIVATE NOT-FOR-PROFIT BACHELOR’S AND MASTER’S UNIVERSITIES IN THE UNITED STATES

USING STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ESTIMATION

James Refenes, David Anderson, Abstract

Government, public pressure, and market forces have combined to bring tremendous economic pressures on higher education, forcing universities to scrutinize their costs and expenditures. Efficient use of resources has become critical in higher education.This research explores the economic efficiency of 813 private not-for-profit, 4-year, Bachelor’s and Master’s colleges and universities in the US. The research utilizes panel data from 2006-2011, collected as part of the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). The goal of the study is to describe and explain the technical, allocative and overall economic inefficiencies.

Keywords: resources has become critical in higher education *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: James Refenes, David Anderson, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

DO THE US GEOGRAPHIC COMBATANT COMMANDERS GET ‘SMART’: THE US AFRICOM CASE

Mehmet Ali YÜKSEL, Abstract

İktidar kavramı zaman, yer ve diğer bazı faktörlere dayalı dinamik bir yapıya sahiptir. Iktidarın klasik anlayışa ek olarak; yumuşak güç kavramı, Soğuk Savaş sonrasında doğdu. 2000'li yılların başında, akıllı güç konsepti yumuşak güç ve sert gücün bir karışımı olarak yaratılmıştır. Iktidar anlayışı içinde bu gelişmeler ve değişmeler dış politikada uygulamalarda çeşitli etkilere yol açmıştır.

Keywords: akıllı güç konsepti yumuşak güç ve sert *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Mehmet Ali YÜKSEL, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ADOLESCENTS

Figen Ebren, Abstract Young people today become consumers at an earlier age than their parents used to do. Indeed, they become consumers in their own right while they are still children (Ahava and Palojoki, 2004; Brusdal, 2006). Young people in modern societies need things in order to participate in certain activities, and express their social identity (Lueg and Ponder, 2006). In Turkey, approximately 41% of the population is under the age of 22. Such a young national population creates a powerful demand for marketing. As is the case in other parts of the world, Turkish youth have a high tendency to consume. Obviously, market stimulants such as television advertisements also have a role in the development of new consumer habits (www.tuik.gov.tr). In our days, adolescents’ consumption habits are shaped by three important factors. First, adolescents grow into an environment of diverse products and services. Secondly, parents today want their children to grow up into independent individuals who can make their own decisions. Finally, modern day adolescents are more frequently exposed to marketing on television or the Internet. These environmental factors affect young people’s consumption habits (Assael, 1987; Solomon, 2004). Keywords: exposed to marketing on television or the Internet *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Figen Ebren, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

THE POLICY ON GRANTNG CITIZENSHIP IN ARAB WORLD IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEMS OF REFUGEES

Sergei Krivov, Abstract The events of Arab Spring 2011 led to major changes in the existing system of migration trends in the countries of Arab Middle East, and put on the agenda the revision of approaches of immigration policy. In research literature, this region tends to be considered only as a supplier of cheap labor and international flows are considered in relation to the Gulf countries. Therefore, little attention was paid to the problems of immigration policies in other Arab countries. It should be noted that significant proportion of migrants in the region account for internally displaced persons and refugees, many of whom have long been the de facto resident in the territory of host countries. Therefore, the problem of developing an adequate policy in respect of these groups becomes very important. A key aspect of immigration policy becomes a matter of national citizenship. However, the meaning and content of this concept in the Middle East is not so unequivocal to the practice of Western countries. As a methodological approach used structuralism, considering the perception of social reality based on the internal structures of consciousness Keywords: content of this concept in the Middle East is not so unequivocal *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Sergei Krivov, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

ARAB DIASPORA AS A FACTOR OF MIGRATION POLICY OF MIDDLE ESTERN COUNTRIES

Sergei Starkin, Abstract In recent years, many countries are quite active policy with regard to their compatriots abroad. Indeed, it is considerable remittances from migrant workers, the possibility to influence the foreign policy of other states using Diasporas as an effective tool of lobbying political decision-making. However, the attitude toward migrants, which is often seen as traitors to the nation, is not so clear. Indeed, from the beginning, employment has been a problem for the new Arab states. In addition, the money generated each year from migrant workers account for 3,3% of revenues from export of goods and services in Algeria, 7,4% in Syria, 9,1% in Tunisia, 13,9% in Egypt, 28,7% in Jordan and 93,4% in Lebanon, making the labor emigration of the most profitable export. On the other hand there are examples of that in Tunisia and in Algeria the governments suspected the Diasporas before the events of 2011, that they give refuge to opponents of the political regimes. The methodological base of research is made constructivist approaches to reveal the evolution of views on migration issues by the ruling elite and public opinion of Arab countries Keywords: made constructivist approaches to reveal the evolution *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Sergei Krivov, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE ARAB MIDDLE EAST: HISTORICAL CONDITIONALITY AND CURRENT TRENDS

Elena Sidorova, Abstract Today, Europe is experiencing an acute crisis of migration in recent history substantially due to events in the Middle East. Despite the Arab spring of 2011, these problems reflect developed to date trends of migration policy in the Arab world. Many of them have their roots in Arab history. So, if before the collapse of Ottoman Empire, it was in the nature of internal displacement within a common social-cultural space, in 20

th century began emigration to other countries, which led to the formation of the Arab

Diaspora. Keywords: before the collapse of Ottoman Empire *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Elena Sidorova, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

THE CASE OF PALESTINE FROM A STRUCTURAL INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS PERSPECTIVE: HAMAS AND

PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANİZATION (PLO)

Coşkun Güllü, Murat Ortanca, Abstract The main argument of this study is about the necessity of addressing the issue of Palestine from a structural international relations perspective rather than a matter solely of Israel and Palestine. The relationship of Hamas and PLO with the international system is crucial for Palestine in the contemporary monopolar world system. In other words, the integration of Hamas and PLO into the international system will bring about advancements in terms of the likelihood of peace in the region. Keywords: PLO into the international system will bring *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Coşkun Güllü, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

MULTICULTURALISM OR ASSIMILATION: IMMIGRATION POLICY FOR A 21ST CENTURY TURKEY

Murat Ortanca, Abstract This study exams wether multicultural or a melting pot society is a better option for a 21st century Turkey. The success and failure stories of multicultural and melting pot societies are examined and lessons and policies that Turkey can and should apply are pointed out. The current immigration of Syrian refugees have been seen as a burden on the Turkish government and have impacted the politics of the current government. These impacts and the reactions of the government will be examined in accordance to policies geared towards a society that is either a multicultural or assimilated. The political situation of Turkey especially with its Kurdish population will be examined with these questions in mind. Is it possible for Turkey to embrace a multicultural society or will it demand an assimilation of it immigrants? *ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Murat Ortanca, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

DANGER: THE EFFECT OF ONE WORD’S DEFİNİTİON ON THE SUCCESS OF A LAW

Ashley Cheff,

After the United States Supreme Court case O’Conner v. Donaldson in 1975,[1] state legislatures became responsible for defining danger in their states involuntary civil commitment-taking dangerous mentally ill persons into custody and mandating treatment- statute. Many states settled on narrow definitions of danger within their laws as means to protect civil liberties. Today, the number of tragedies that have occurred in America over the last ten years have warranted debate over whether these statutes are too strict, so strict that involuntary civil commitment cannot adequately prevent violence and danger.

Keywords: taking dangerous mentally ill persons

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ashley Cheff,


A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

Ipek Danju, Huseyin Uzunboylu,

Abstract

The study investigates the citizenship education, which is one of the growing attentions in academic environment on last decades. The citizenship education consider about global awareness, critical thinking and problem solving skill, which is one of the 21

st Century skills framework. Throughout this research, to

understand literature about citizenship education, the content analysis gave best way to systematically organize and look for articles that are somewhat similar in their approach or methods. The Taylor and Francis Group (Routledge) and ERIC databases are used for collecting articles about the subject of citizenship education. The researcher has reached 165 articles from known two databases. In this article qualitative content analysis is a widely used qualitative research technique.

Keywords: Citizenship Education, Curricula, Globalisation, Content Analysi

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ipek Danju, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

APROACHES TOWARD TWO-STATE SOLUTION IN QUESTION OF PALESTINE

Yusuf YILDIRIM,

Abstract

Ongoing issues for years between Palestine and Israel, and Palestine request from Israel to witdrawal from the occupied territory in the region and foreseeing the reign Palestine and Israel as an independent states have gone to deadlock due to the Israel side not to take a positive step. In the name of the solution of problems between the two states, no positive results came from Madrid Conference, Oslo and Camp David talks. Palastinian independence efforts and fight against the invading Israel attitude, both for the negotiatians and Palastinian uprising have continued for years. In the study, historical process of the conflict between Palestine and Israel has been examined, and suitability two-state solution for the perspectives of the states, and how this situation will be reflected in the tense atmosphere in the region, and lastly the UN stance towards Palastine’s independence efforts has been mentioned.

Keywords: Question of Palestine, Israel, Two State Solution, Peace Process

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Yusuf YILDIRIM, E-Mail Address: [email protected]

THE EFFECTS OF TAX ADMİNİSTRATİON AND PERCEPTİON OF POLİTİCAL ORİENTATİON FACTORS ON TAX MORALE:

SURVEY

Ahmet KARAASLAN, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Maliye Bölümü Ulvi SANDALCI, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Maliye Bölümü Inci SANDALCI, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Maliye Bölümü

Abstract

The taxes which states collected to be able to maintain public services are indispensable a source of income. Taxes, although nevertheless remuneration of social service, cause diminishment individual’s disposable income, fortune and expenses. For this reason, taxes are not generally pleased and it is perceived by taxpayers as a burden. Tax morale which has an important role in determining attitude and behaviors of taxpayers to tax is defined as an inner motivation in the subject of tax paying.

Tax morale which has an important effect in the taxpayers’ looks to tax are affected a lot of factors. In our study, the effects of tax administration and the perception of political orientation factors such as the level of trust in government system, the effectiveness of tax administration, the effectiveness of tax audit and penalties and the complexity of tax system on tax morale have been analyzed. The results indicate that the level of trust in government system, the effectiveness of tax administration, the effectiveness of tax audit and penalties and the complexity of tax system have statistically significant effects on tax morale.

Keywords: Tax, Tax Morale, Survey

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ulvi SANDALCI, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Maliye Bölümü E-Mail Address: [email protected]

THE NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES OF NORTH KOREA AND ITS EFFECTS ON REGIONAL STABILITY

Ozge Gokcen Terzi, International Relations Departmant of Uludag University, TURKEY

Abstract

It has seen that despite its long lasting struggle against the colonial power Japan, North Korea did not become successful; yet two atomic bombs used by the USA against Japan during Second World War made that country ineffective, though. Pyongyang, who lives in fear of being invaded by external powers and focuses on protecting the living spaces for the sake of state survival, sees nuclear powers, which are deemed as absoluteweapons, as the only way to realize his goals. To that end, despite harsh opposition of the USA, North Korea has made great efforts since the late 1940s and it has been greatly supported by USSR and People’s Republic of China. In return to these supports, Pyongyang withdrew from the NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty) in 2003, and he released that the country had its own nuclear weapons in 2005. Apart from USA, South Korea and Japan, China and the Russian Federation worried about the spread of those weapons to those countries which would threaten the global and regional peace by making domino effect in those areas though terrorist groups. However, Russian President Putin warned that such a regional nuclear crisis would have the same effect of Chernobyl and that is why he stressed that both parties should be careful about this issue. In this context, the activities about North Korea’s nuclear armament to present from past and the effect to regional stability of this activities will be discussed in the study.

Keywords: North Korea, Nuklear Weapons, Balistic Missiles, Northeast Asia

*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ozge Gokcen Terzi, International Relations Departmant of Uludag University, TURKEY E-Mail Address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT BOOK 2015.pdf · 2016. 1. 9. · Allameh Tabatabai, Tehran, Iran E-Mail Address:...

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