Absolutism. Drill 11/2 How would YOU design your castle? How would YOU design your castle? –What...

AbsolutismAbsolutism

Drill 11/2Drill 11/2

How would YOU design your castle?How would YOU design your castle?– What would you put in it?What would you put in it?– Where would it be?Where would it be?

Absolute Power corrupts absolutely.Absolute Power corrupts absolutely.

The Absolute MonarchThe Absolute Monarch

Absolute MonarchAbsolute Monarch– ALL of the power of ALL of the power of

the government rests the government rests in his/ her handsin his/ her hands

– No sharingNo sharing– What they say goesWhat they say goes– Tough crapTough crap

Divine RightDivine Right

The monarch is God’s representative The monarch is God’s representative on Earth.on Earth.– God created the monarchy, he God created the monarchy, he

appointed ME monarch, QED I am God’s appointed ME monarch, QED I am God’s vessel on this planet.vessel on this planet.

– Why does that sound familiar to us?Why does that sound familiar to us?

Complete the guided reading, we will Complete the guided reading, we will go over it as a class.go over it as a class.

HW for Monday, Part B. HW for Monday, Part B.


What role did Versailles play in the What role did Versailles play in the expansion of the French expansion of the French government’s powergovernment’s power

Versailles became a symbol of Versailles became a symbol of French superiority on the continentFrench superiority on the continent

Became the center of commerce and Became the center of commerce and cultureculture

Showcase for the strongest Showcase for the strongest government in Europegovernment in Europe

With a partner, complete the Guided With a partner, complete the Guided Reading for Section 3 Reading for Section 3

We will go over it as a class, these We will go over it as a class, these are your notes for the section.are your notes for the section.


What were two causes of the What were two causes of the Thirty Years War?Thirty Years War?

DrillDrill

Tensions between Lutheran and Tensions between Lutheran and Catholic Princes in GermanyCatholic Princes in Germany

Reaction to the spread of CalvinismReaction to the spread of Calvinism

Reaction to Ferdinand II’s ending of a Reaction to Ferdinand II’s ending of a Protestant revolt in Bohemia Protestant revolt in Bohemia

Process PaperProcess Paper

Why you chose this topic.Why you chose this topic.

Why you chose the category.Why you chose the category.

How you did your research.How you did your research.

What you learned from it.What you learned from it.

The Thirty Years WarThe Thirty Years War

What was it about?What was it about?– Protestant and Catholic conflicts in Protestant and Catholic conflicts in

GermanyGermany The players The players

– The Hapsburg Rulers (Catholic) The Hapsburg Rulers (Catholic) Ferdinand IIFerdinand II Austria, SpainAustria, Spain

– Protestant PrincesProtestant Princes Gustavus Adolphus (Sweden/ Protestant)Gustavus Adolphus (Sweden/ Protestant)

– France (Catholic)France (Catholic) Fought with the Protestants Fought with the Protestants

Ferdinand II and the Ferdinand II and the Hapsburgs Hapsburgs

Ferdinand was Holy Ferdinand was Holy Roman EmperorRoman Emperor

Member of the Member of the Hapsburg familyHapsburg family

The Hapsburgs controlled many territories in The Hapsburgs controlled many territories in Germany and Europe.Germany and Europe.

SpainSpain PortugalPortugal BohemiaBohemia AustriaAustria HungaryHungary CroatiaCroatia And many moreAnd many more

For a Time he is successfulFor a Time he is successful

Ferdinand’s armies put down much Ferdinand’s armies put down much of the rebellion in Germanyof the rebellion in Germany

BUTBUT

Foreign countries then get involvedForeign countries then get involved

Adolphus of Sweden gets in the mixAdolphus of Sweden gets in the mix

Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin of Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin of France begin fighting WITH the France begin fighting WITH the Protestants.Protestants.

WHY WOULD THEY DO THAT?WHY WOULD THEY DO THAT?

Protecting French InterestsProtecting French Interests Richelieu and Mazarin Richelieu and Mazarin Wanted France to Wanted France to

remain the most remain the most powerfulpowerful

Fought the HapsburgsFought the Hapsburgs

The Peace of WestphaliaThe Peace of Westphalia

1648, Westphalia1648, Westphalia– German regionGerman region

Weakens Spain and AustriaWeakens Spain and Austria Gives German territory to FranceGives German territory to France Made German Princes independent Made German Princes independent

from the HR Emperorfrom the HR Emperor First type of meeting between all First type of meeting between all

parties.parties.

The most Important PartThe most Important Part

It ended the idea of a Catholic It ended the idea of a Catholic Empire in Europe.Empire in Europe.– By all the German states now being By all the German states now being

independent they had to be recognized independent they had to be recognized as such.as such.

What happens with all these What happens with all these small empires?small empires?

They clashThey clash Weak governments allow the Weak governments allow the

Hapsburgs to regain control of Hapsburgs to regain control of Central Europe under Charles VICentral Europe under Charles VI

They reclaim a lot of land lost in They reclaim a lot of land lost in various previous wars and become a various previous wars and become a power in Central Europepower in Central Europe


Who were the rulers of Prussia, Who were the rulers of Prussia, Austria and Russia?Austria and Russia?

What happened to Poland after the What happened to Poland after the fall of the H.R.E.?fall of the H.R.E.?

Hohenzollerns – PrussiaHohenzollerns – Prussia Romanovs - Russia Romanovs - Russia Hapsburgs – AustriaHapsburgs – Austria

Poland gets swallowed by Austria, Poland gets swallowed by Austria, Russia and PrussiaRussia and Prussia

Prussia and Austria Prussia and Austria Clash!!Clash!!

The Rise of PrussiaThe Rise of Prussia

Prussia Prussia – A Germanic / Polish state during the A Germanic / Polish state during the

height of the HRE and the Kingdom of height of the HRE and the Kingdom of PolandPoland

After the 30 Years war, the H-R-E is After the 30 Years war, the H-R-E is D-E-A-D and Poland is greatly D-E-A-D and Poland is greatly weakend.weakend.

Frederick WilliamFrederick William

““The Great Elector”The Great Elector”

After the destruction of After the destruction of the 30 Years War he the 30 Years War he refuses to let it happen refuses to let it happen to his Kingdomto his Kingdom

Decides that a standing Decides that a standing army is the only way to army is the only way to ensure safetyensure safety

NamesNames

Hohenzollern is very tough to say.Hohenzollern is very tough to say. The Royal family is also called the The Royal family is also called the

house of “Brandenburg” a major city house of “Brandenburg” a major city in Prussia.in Prussia.

If you hear Brandenburg, they are If you hear Brandenburg, they are talking about these guystalking about these guys

Frederick William passes the throne Frederick William passes the throne on to his son Frederick IIon to his son Frederick II– There is a fear that Fredrick isn’t military There is a fear that Fredrick isn’t military

enough to effectively rule.enough to effectively rule.

Frederick IIFrederick II

In his youth was In his youth was more poet than more poet than warriorwarrior

In rebellion of his In rebellion of his father Frederick father Frederick and a friend tried and a friend tried to run awayto run away

To punish Frederick his father forced To punish Frederick his father forced him to watch as he beheaded his friendhim to watch as he beheaded his friend


Why was Frederick II of Prussia Why was Frederick II of Prussia known as Frederick the Great?known as Frederick the Great?

P2 ONLY CH 5, sec4 ?’s 1-4P2 ONLY CH 5, sec4 ?’s 1-4

Frederick The GreatFrederick The Great

Frederick II took the throne in 1740 Frederick II took the throne in 1740

He held true to his father’s military He held true to his father’s military goals but softened many of his laws.goals but softened many of his laws.– This made the people of Prussia much This made the people of Prussia much

happier to follow himhappier to follow him

Austria reboundsAustria rebounds

Austria recovers many lost lands Austria recovers many lost lands after the 30 Years War.after the 30 Years War.

The King of Austria, Charles VI has The King of Austria, Charles VI has NO MALE HEIRS!NO MALE HEIRS!

Maria TheresaMaria Theresa NOT the Maria Theresa NOT the Maria Theresa

that marries Louis XIVthat marries Louis XIV

Her father will deal Her father will deal with the surrounding with the surrounding countries to recognize countries to recognize her as the rulerher as the ruler– He feared a long drawn He feared a long drawn

out battle over out battle over succession and decreed succession and decreed that his two daughters that his two daughters would share power.would share power.

The War of Austrian The War of Austrian SuccessionSuccession AKA The Silesian WarsAKA The Silesian Wars

Silesia is a territory bordering Prussia Silesia is a territory bordering Prussia and Austria and Austria

Rich in resources like iron ore and Rich in resources like iron ore and other mineralsother minerals

This equals $$$$$$$ for these smaller This equals $$$$$$$ for these smaller kingdomskingdoms

Thinking that a woman will not defend Thinking that a woman will not defend her country well Frederick attacks her country well Frederick attacks AustriaAustria

France Joins PrussiaFrance Joins Prussia

Britain and Hungary join Britain and Hungary join AustriaAustria

In the end, Austria In the end, Austria loses Silesia, but Maria loses Silesia, but Maria earns international earns international respect as a rulerrespect as a ruler


How was Prussia able to become How was Prussia able to become a strong kingdom in Central a strong kingdom in Central Europe?Europe?

Prussia built one of the strongest Prussia built one of the strongest standing armies of the timestanding armies of the time

Took control of profitable lands like Took control of profitable lands like the Silesia region of Austria.the Silesia region of Austria.

The Russian EmpireThe Russian Empire

The first CzarThe first Czar

Ivan Vasilyevich (Ivan IV)Ivan Vasilyevich (Ivan IV)– Grand Prince of MoscowGrand Prince of Moscow– Heir to the throne of MoscowHeir to the throne of Moscow

At this time Moscow is a lot like the At this time Moscow is a lot like the Kingdoms of the H.R.E. or PrussiaKingdoms of the H.R.E. or Prussia

It will be Ivan that centralizes power It will be Ivan that centralizes power and creates the empireand creates the empire

Important VocabImportant Vocab

CzarCzar– (sometimes written as Tsar) The ruler of (sometimes written as Tsar) The ruler of

the Russian Empirethe Russian Empire Literally translated it means CaesarLiterally translated it means Caesar

Boyar Boyar – Russian noble class. Landowners and Russian noble class. Landowners and

wealthy merchants wealthy merchants

His Early Rule (1546 – 1560)His Early Rule (1546 – 1560)

Crowned himself Czar in 1546Crowned himself Czar in 1546

– First to use the termFirst to use the term He opened up trade with He opened up trade with

Western EuropeWestern Europe Expelled the Mongols from Expelled the Mongols from

Eastern Russia Eastern Russia Expanded the Empire’s Expanded the Empire’s

bordersborders

His Later Rule (1560 – 1584)His Later Rule (1560 – 1584)

After the death of his wife, After the death of his wife,

Anastasia, he accused many Anastasia, he accused many Boyars of poisoning herBoyars of poisoning her

He slipped into a demented He slipped into a demented state of Paranoiastate of Paranoia

His group of secret police (the His group of secret police (the Oprichnik) get out of hand and Oprichnik) get out of hand and basically become a squad of basically become a squad of thugs killing nobles and thugs killing nobles and peasants alikepeasants alike

The EndThe End

Ivan had two sons.Ivan had two sons. His second wife, was pregnant but His second wife, was pregnant but

one evening had a miscarriage one evening had a miscarriage That night Ivan and his eldest son That night Ivan and his eldest son

got into a heated argumentgot into a heated argument Ivan hit his son in the head with his Ivan hit his son in the head with his

staff and accidentally killed himstaff and accidentally killed him

Ivan the Terrible’s LegacyIvan the Terrible’s Legacy

The word in Russian that translates The word in Russian that translates to terrible is to terrible is GroznyGrozny– The pejorative connotation of “terrible” The pejorative connotation of “terrible”

in English is wrongin English is wrong– A more appropriate translation would be A more appropriate translation would be

Ivan the FormidableIvan the Formidable, , Ivan the PowerfulIvan the Powerful

Feodor IFeodor I

Ivan’s younger son Ivan’s younger son weak and possibly weak and possibly mentally mentally challengedchallenged

He leaves much of He leaves much of the ruling to his the ruling to his brother in-law Boris brother in-law Boris Gudenov Gudenov

He dies without an He dies without an heirheir

Feodor’s death without an heir Feodor’s death without an heir ushers in what is called “The Time of ushers in what is called “The Time of Troubles”Troubles”

1583 – 1613 Control of Russia is 1583 – 1613 Control of Russia is fought over by competing Boyars and fought over by competing Boyars and other noblesother nobles

Finally, 1613, Michael Romanov is Finally, 1613, Michael Romanov is named Czar by a council of Boyars named Czar by a council of Boyars

Grab a bookGrab a book

Page 155, complete ?’s 1-4 Page 155, complete ?’s 1-4 Will be collectedWill be collected


What is Westernization?What is Westernization?

What did Peter the Great do to help What did Peter the Great do to help Westernize Russia?Westernize Russia?

WesternizationWesternization– Using western Europe as a model for Using western Europe as a model for

change in Russiachange in Russia

Opened trade; brought the Church Opened trade; brought the Church under state control; Modernized the under state control; Modernized the army by hiring European advisors; army by hiring European advisors; decreased the power of the decreased the power of the landowning classlandowning class

The English Civil WarThe English Civil War

England’s GovernmentEngland’s Government

Elizabeth had NO HEIR!!Elizabeth had NO HEIR!!– Her closest relative was James Stuart Her closest relative was James Stuart

King of ScotlandKing of Scotland James becomes King of England AND James becomes King of England AND

Scotland in 1603Scotland in 1603– England and Scotland would not unify to England and Scotland would not unify to

form the UK until 1707form the UK until 1707

James IJames I ““Kings are justly called Kings are justly called

Gods, for that they Gods, for that they exercise the manner or exercise the manner or resemblance of divine resemblance of divine power on Earth.”power on Earth.”

He would frequently clash He would frequently clash with Parliament over debtwith Parliament over debt

James IJames I

His religious beliefs played an His religious beliefs played an important roleimportant role– James was a CalvinistJames was a Calvinist

Or…PRESBYRTERIAN Or…PRESBYRTERIAN

The Puritan population felt that he The Puritan population felt that he would look kindly on themwould look kindly on them– He did notHe did not

Charles ICharles I

Charles follows Charles follows JamesJames

He has an even He has an even icier icier relationship relationship with Parliamentwith Parliament

He would not He would not imprison subjects imprison subjects without due causewithout due cause

He would not levy He would not levy taxes without taxes without consentconsent

He would not He would not house soldiers in house soldiers in private homesprivate homes

He would not He would not impose martial law impose martial law in peacetimein peacetime

Charles signs the petitionCharles signs the petition– But the ignores itBut the ignores it

He tries to force Scottish He tries to force Scottish Presbyterians to use the Anglican Presbyterians to use the Anglican prayerbookprayerbook– He wants the nation to follow one religionHe wants the nation to follow one religion

He disbands parliament and refuses He disbands parliament and refuses to call it againto call it again

Autumn 1641Autumn 1641

A Scottish Army is formed ready to A Scottish Army is formed ready to oppose himoppose him

Charles needs money, so he HAS to Charles needs money, so he HAS to call Parliamentcall Parliament

Parliament tries to pass laws limiting Parliament tries to pass laws limiting his powerhis power

Charles tries to have leaders arrested Charles tries to have leaders arrested in January of 1642in January of 1642

Furious mobs drive the King from Furious mobs drive the King from London London

He forms his own army with Loyalists He forms his own army with Loyalists to the Northto the North

From 1642 – 1649 England is in the From 1642 – 1649 England is in the grip of Civil Wargrip of Civil War

The English Civil WarThe English Civil War

King’s men were called Loyalists or King’s men were called Loyalists or CavaliersCavaliers

The Puritans were called The Puritans were called “Roundheads” because of how they “Roundheads” because of how they wore their hairwore their hair

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell

Puritan leaderPuritan leader General of General of

rebellion armiesrebellion armies His “New Model His “New Model

Army” defeated Army” defeated the loyalists and the loyalists and captured the Kingcaptured the King

Before the revolutionBefore the revolution

Cromwell served in Parliament, but Cromwell served in Parliament, but he wasn’t well receivedhe wasn’t well received

After the destruction of Parliament in After the destruction of Parliament in 1642 Cromwell joins forces against 1642 Cromwell joins forces against the Kingthe King

Cromwell the GeneralCromwell the General

As a general he was As a general he was pretty successfulpretty successful

His armies would win His armies would win many key battles and many key battles and he rose through the he rose through the ranksranks

By 1645 his New Model By 1645 his New Model Army takes the field Army takes the field – It was an army trained It was an army trained

and led by military and led by military leaders instead of leaders instead of aristocracyaristocracy

The WarThe War

The War was going well.The War was going well. The King was being held prisonerThe King was being held prisoner Parliament was meeting and getting Parliament was meeting and getting

the country back in motionthe country back in motion

Pockets of ResistancePockets of Resistance

In 1648 there were still Loyalist In 1648 there were still Loyalist factions that were fighting for the factions that were fighting for the KingKing

Many in Parliament wanted to try and Many in Parliament wanted to try and negotiate with the King, Cromwell negotiate with the King, Cromwell would have none of thatwould have none of that

December 1648, General Thomas December 1648, General Thomas Pride forcibly removes any member Pride forcibly removes any member of Parliament (MP) loyal to the Kingof Parliament (MP) loyal to the King– This becomes known as Pride’s PurgeThis becomes known as Pride’s Purge– The remaining Parliament is called the The remaining Parliament is called the

Rump Parliament Rump Parliament

Cromwell and this Parliament decide Cromwell and this Parliament decide the only way to end the war is to get the only way to end the war is to get rid of the King.rid of the King.

The death warrant is signed and King The death warrant is signed and King Charles I is executed, publicly, on Charles I is executed, publicly, on January 30 1649 January 30 1649

The CommonwealthThe Commonwealth

Cromwell names leader of the Cromwell names leader of the Commonwealth of EnglandCommonwealth of England

The Early CommonwealthThe Early Commonwealth

There is Loyalist tensions in IrelandThere is Loyalist tensions in Ireland Fearing an uprising Cromwell lands a Fearing an uprising Cromwell lands a

fleet in Ireland to put down the fleet in Ireland to put down the rebellionrebellion

He doesHe doesEFFECTIVELYEFFECTIVELY

Irish ConquestIrish Conquest

Cromwell outlaws the public display of Cromwell outlaws the public display of Catholicism Catholicism

Catholics are killed on sightCatholics are killed on sight Catholic held property is confiscated Catholic held property is confiscated

and given to English and Scottish and given to English and Scottish settlerssettlers

Approx. 12,000 Catholics are sold into Approx. 12,000 Catholics are sold into slaveryslavery

Catholic landownership drops from 60% Catholic landownership drops from 60% to 8% in a little over a yearto 8% in a little over a year

Cromwell grows tired of Parliament’s Cromwell grows tired of Parliament’s bickering and dissolves thembickering and dissolves them

His associate, John Lambert, writes a His associate, John Lambert, writes a new constitution – the first of its kind new constitution – the first of its kind in Europein Europe

Cromwell ignores it Cromwell ignores it

Puritan RulePuritan Rule

Cromwell now rules England as a Cromwell now rules England as a military and religious dictatormilitary and religious dictator– He names himself “Lord Protectorate”He names himself “Lord Protectorate”– He has people call him “Your Highness”He has people call him “Your Highness”

He institutes strictly Puritan policiesHe institutes strictly Puritan policies– He outlaws, the theatre, Wedding rings, He outlaws, the theatre, Wedding rings,

sporting events, DANCING, sporting events, DANCING,

CHRISTMASCHRISTMAS

Catholics were persecuted vigorouslyCatholics were persecuted vigorously Strangely other Christian Strangely other Christian

denominations and Jews were left denominations and Jews were left alonealone

The Commonwealth was failing along The Commonwealth was failing along with Cromwell’s health.with Cromwell’s health.

He would die of Malaria in 1658He would die of Malaria in 1658

The Commonwealth would collapse The Commonwealth would collapse in 1659 in 1659

The old Parliament would reconvene The old Parliament would reconvene and ask Charles I’s oldest son and ask Charles I’s oldest son Charles II to return to the throne.Charles II to return to the throne.– He acceptedHe accepted

This became known as the This became known as the RestorationRestoration

Cromwell’s legacyCromwell’s legacy

Charles II would have Cromwell’s Charles II would have Cromwell’s body exhumed to be ceremonially body exhumed to be ceremonially executed AGAINexecuted AGAIN

This took place on January 30, 1661This took place on January 30, 1661– The anniversary of the Execution of The anniversary of the Execution of

Charles ICharles I His head would sit on a pike at His head would sit on a pike at

Westminster Abbey until 1685 Westminster Abbey until 1685


Armies that fought for the King were Armies that fought for the King were called _______________called _______________

Armies that fought for the Puritans Armies that fought for the Puritans were called _______________were called _______________

CavaliersCavaliers

RoundheadsRoundheads

The RestorationThe Restoration

Important TermsImportant Terms

RestorationRestoration– Charles II retaking the throne of Charles II retaking the throne of

England, ending the CommonwealthEngland, ending the Commonwealth

Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus– An authority needs to have a distinct An authority needs to have a distinct

reason for arresting/ imprisoning a reason for arresting/ imprisoning a personperson

Puritan RulePuritan Rule

Cromwell now rules England as a Cromwell now rules England as a military and religious dictatormilitary and religious dictator– He names himself “Lord Protectorate”He names himself “Lord Protectorate”– He has people call him “Your Highness”He has people call him “Your Highness”

He institutes strictly Puritan policiesHe institutes strictly Puritan policies– He outlaws, the theatre, Wedding rings, He outlaws, the theatre, Wedding rings,

sporting events, DANCING, sporting events, DANCING,

CHRISTMASCHRISTMAS

Catholics were persecuted vigorouslyCatholics were persecuted vigorously Strangely other Christian Strangely other Christian

denominations and Jews were left denominations and Jews were left alonealone

The Commonwealth was failing along The Commonwealth was failing along with Cromwell’s health.with Cromwell’s health.

He would die of Malaria in 1658He would die of Malaria in 1658

The Commonwealth would collapse The Commonwealth would collapse in 1659 in 1659

The old Parliament would reconvene The old Parliament would reconvene and ask Charles I’s oldest son and ask Charles I’s oldest son Charles II to return to the throne.Charles II to return to the throne.– He acceptedHe accepted

This became known as the This became known as the RestorationRestoration

Cromwell’s legacyCromwell’s legacy

Charles II would have Cromwell’s Charles II would have Cromwell’s body exhumed to be ceremonially body exhumed to be ceremonially executed AGAINexecuted AGAIN

This took place on January 30, 1661This took place on January 30, 1661– The anniversary of the Execution of The anniversary of the Execution of

Charles ICharles I His head would sit on a pike at His head would sit on a pike at

Westminster Abbey until 1685 Westminster Abbey until 1685

Charles IICharles II

Took the throne Took the throne 16601660

Restored many of Restored many of the things the things outlawed by outlawed by Cromwell’s regimeCromwell’s regime

Guaranteed Guaranteed the writ of the writ of Habeas Corpus Habeas Corpus

Charles had no direct heir, only his Charles had no direct heir, only his brother James brother James

James was a CatholicJames was a Catholic

James IIJames II

London accepted the London accepted the fact he was Catholicfact he was Catholic– Just don’t appoint Just don’t appoint

Catholics to high Catholics to high officesoffices

James appoints James appoints Catholic’s to high Catholic’s to high officeoffice

He has one son – He has one son – CatholicCatholic

CATHOLICS?! OMG!!!!1CATHOLICS?! OMG!!!!1

England starts to fear a long line of England starts to fear a long line of Catholic KingsCatholic Kings

James used to be a Protestant, his James used to be a Protestant, his older daughter from his first wife, older daughter from his first wife, Mary was a ProtestantMary was a Protestant– She was married to William of Orange of She was married to William of Orange of

the Netherlandsthe Netherlands

William & MaryWilliam & Mary• Parliament asks Mary to overthrow James II

•In 1688 W + M arrive in England, with an army prepared to take the throne

•James flees to France

This is called the GLORIOUS revolutionThis is called the GLORIOUS revolution– Also called the bloodless revolutionAlso called the bloodless revolution

James would consider retaking the James would consider retaking the thronethrone

In 1689, with the help of the French In 1689, with the help of the French army, he landed in Ireland but William army, he landed in Ireland but William put down the rebellion and James never put down the rebellion and James never attempted it againattempted it again

W+M’s LegacyW+M’s Legacy

The cabinet system developsThe cabinet system develops The ministers that we see today The ministers that we see today

– Made up of Parliament’s ruling party Made up of Parliament’s ruling party

The English Bill of RightsThe English Bill of Rights

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