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jdmjcy| ygdbmy {g|cy db |jc }n{hl" Gy fn{c fnbct }gy kcdbm ygcl( |jdy fcgb|

|jc{c }gy fn{c fnbct ggdhgkhc `n{ dbcy|fcb|( fgedbm giicyy |n i{cld| fsij

cgydc{ |jgb d| jgl kccb db |jc pgy|" Gy Agpgb-y cinbnft }gy gbl y|dhh dy gb czpn{|

n{dcb|cl cinbnft( |jc ghsc n` |jc is{{cbit ghyn }cb| sp l{gfg|dighht ls{dbm |jdy

|dfc" \jc infkdbg|dnb n` g y|{nbm cinbnft( cgyt giicyy |n i{cld|( gbl g

y|{cbm|jcbdbm is{{cbit fglc Agpgbcyc gyyc|y cypcidghht g||{gi|dc"Gy d|y cinbnft yccfcl sby|nppgkhc( gbl bc}ht }cgh|jt Agpgbcyc ygcl fn{c gbl

fn{c fnbct( fsij n` |jg| igpd|gh `hn}cl db|n |jc y|nie gbl {cgh cy|g|c fg{ec|y" Gy

tns igb ycc `{nf |jdy ijg{| |jc y|nie fg{ec| {ng{cl |j{nsmj |jc 74:?y( ghfny|

wsgl{sphdbm db ghsc db 3 tcg{y" Db |jc fny| czpcbydc ldy|{di|y( giin{ldbm |n

}dedpcldg"n{m( {cgh cy|g|c p{dicy {cgijcl gy jdmj gy ,794(??? pc{ ywsg{c `nn|"

@{nf |jc jdmj n` |jc y|nie gbl {cgh cy|g|c fg{ec|y db 744?( kn|j fg{ec|y fglc g

yhn} gbl pgdb`sh lcihdbc" D| |nne sb|dh ;??9 `n{ |jc y|nie fg{ec| |n `dbghht kn||nf(

ln}b `{nf g |np n` g{nsbl 94(??? |n g kn||nf n` g{nsbl =0??" Giin{ldbm |n

}dedpcldg"n{m( p{dicy `n{ |jc fny| czpcbydc inffc{idgh {cgh cy|g|c p{npc{|dcy

y|nnl g| 7.7??|j n` |jcd{ p{c kskkhc ks{y|dbm pcge( gbl ,;? \{dhhdnb db }cgh|j jgl

kccb }dpcl ns| db |jc y|nie gbl {cgh cy|g|c fg{ec|y"

]jdhc |jdy fgt yccf hdec g jdy|n{t hcyynb |jg| dy bn| {chcgb| |n |{glc{y( gy }c }dhh

hcg{b db |nfn{{n}-y hcyynb( |jc g``ci|y n` Agpgb-y gyyc| p{dic kskkhc nb |jc Tcb g{c

y|dhh kcdbm `ch| |nlgt( gbl |jc{c`n{c gb sblc{y|gbldbm dy bcicyyg{t |n ebn} jn}

|nlgt-y fg{ec| }dhh {cgi| |n ld``c{cb| `sblgfcb|gh ccb|y"

 \jg|-y ns{ hcyynb `n{ |nlgt" Db |nfn{{n}-y hcyynb }c }dhh hnne g| |jc hnbm {ngl |n

{cinc{t |jg| Agpgb dy y|dhh |{gchdbm ln}b |nlgt( jn} |jdy g``ci|y |jcd{ fnbc|g{t

pnhdit( gbl |jc{c`n{c |jc ghsc n` |jcd{ is{{cbit"

Gy gh}gty d` tns jgc gbt wscy|dnby n{ inffcb|y phcgyc hcgc |jcf db |jc

inffcb|y yci|dnb kchn}( gbl mnnl hsie }d|j tns{ |{gldbm'

Db ns{ hgy| hcyynb }c kcmgb ns{ ldyisyydnb nb nb |jc Agpgbcyc Tcb( }d|j g hnne g|

|jc jdy|n{t n` |jc Agpgbcyc cinbnft( dbihsldbm |jc ksdhl sp n` }jg| kcigfc nbc n` 

|jc kdmmcy| gyyc| p{dic kskkhcy db jdy|n{t" Db |nlgt-y hcyynb }c g{c mndbm |n

inb|dbsc |jdy ldyisyydnb kt czgfdbdbm }jg| jgppcbcl `{nf |jc cg{ht 744?-y nb

`{nf g fnbc|g{t pnhdit gbl cinbnfdi y|gblpndb|( yn }c igb sblc{y|gbl |jc`sblgfcb|gh `nsblg|dnb nb }jdij |jc Tcb yd|y |nlgt"

Db 74:4 |jc Kgbe n` Agpgb *KNA$ kcmgb |n {gdyc db|c{cy| {g|cy( gbl |jc mnc{bfcb|

dby|d|s|cl hdfd|y nb |n|gh kgbe hcbldbm |n |jc {cgh cy|g|c yci|n{( |n |{t gbl {cdmb db

ypcishg|dnb }jdij }gy l{ddbm y|nie gbl {cgh cy|g|c p{dicy |n gy|{nbnfdighht jdmj

hcchy" ]jdhc |jc icb|{gh kgbe }gy jnpdbm |n ydfpht |gec |jc `nn| n` |jc mgy gbl |gp

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|jc k{cgey nb |jc cinbnft( sb`n{|sbg|cht |jc fg{ec|y {cgi|dnb }gy l{gy|di(

{cysh|dbm db g y|nie fg{ec| gbl {cgh cy|g|c i{gyj y|g{|dbm db 744?"

 \jdy }gy g +pc{`ci| y|n{f+ yn |n ypcge `n{ |jc Agpgbcyc `dbgbidgh yty|cf gbl

cinbnft( gy |jc c``ci|y n` lcihdbc db {cgh cy|g|c gbl y|nie fg{ec| p{dicy y|g{|cl g

ijgdb {cgi|dnb( }jdij {cc{kc{g|cl |j{nsmjns| |jc cinbnft gbl }jnhc `dbgbidgh

yty|cf" \jc `d{y| gbl pc{jgpy fny| dfpn{|gb| |jdbm |n sblc{y|gbl jc{c( dy |jg| |jccinbnfdi yhn}ln}b( infkdbcl }d|j l{gy|di `ghhy db |jc y|nie gbl {cgh cy|g|c

fg{ec|y( igsycl |jc `dbgbidgh pnyd|dnb n` Agpgbcyc kgbey |n {gpdlht lc|c{dn{g|c"

Fsij n` |jc ypcishg|dnb |jg| }gy ycbldbm {cgh cy|g|c p{dicy yn jdmj }gy kcdbm

l{dcb kt hngby `{nf Agpgbcyc kgbey( }jdij |nne |jc hgbl |jct }c{c fgedbm |jc

hngb nb gy inhhg|c{gh" Gy |jc wsghd|t n` |jc hngb }gy |jsy |dcl |n |jc ghsc n` |jc {cgh

cy|g|c kgiedbm |jg| hngb( gy {cgh cy|g|c p{dicy `chh n`` g ihd`` yn ldl |jc wsghd|t n` |jc

kgbe-y hngb pn{|`nhdn-y"

Ycinblht( hg{mc Agpgbcyc dby|d|s|dnby ysij gy kgbey innpc{g|c }d|j nbc gbn|jc{ db

 Agpgb( gbl gy g {cysh| n` |jdy Agpgbcyc kgbey jnhl hg{mc wsgb|d|dcy n` cgij n|jc{y

y|nie" Jnhldbmy n` y|nie g{c inbydlc{cl gb gyyc| `n{ |jc kgbey gbl }c{c dbihslcl db

|jc kgbey igpd|gh bsfkc{y( }jdij kgydighht lc`dbc jn} `dbgbidghht ynhdl g kgbey

kghgbic yjcc| dy" Gy |jc ghsc n` |jcyc y|nie jnhldbmy |sfkhcl hn}c{( yn ldl |jc

kgbe-y igpd|gh pnyd|dnb( ps||dbm `s{|jc{ p{cyys{c nb |jc y|gkdhd|t n` |jc dblddlsgh

kgbey db Agpgb( gbl |jc Agpgbcyc Kgbedbm Yty|cf gy g }jnhc"

 \jd{lht( gy |jc cinbnft yhn}cl gy g {cysh| n` ghh |jdy( |jc dblddlsghy gbl

in{pn{g|dnby }jn jgl {cicdcl hngby kcmgb |n jgc g jg{lc{ |dfc fgedbm |jcd{

pgtfcb|y( `s{|jc{ lc|c{dn{g|dbm |jc wsghd|t n` |jc kgbe-y hngby( gbl y|gkdhd|t n` |jc

kgbedbm yty|cf"

G| hcgy| pg{|dghht gy g {cysh| n` }cge in{pn{g|c mnc{bgbic( fny| }dhh g{msc |jg|

 Agpgbcyc kgbey ldl hd||hc |n glasy| |n |jc `dbgbidgh ld``dish|dcy |jct bn} `gicl(

dby|cgl p{c`c{{dbm |n }gd| `n{ y|nie gbl {cgh cy|g|c p{dicy |n fnc kgie |n}g{ly

|jcd{ p{c kskkhc ks{y|dbm hcchy" \jc mnc{bfcb| ghyn ldl hd||hc |n gll{cyy |jc

p{nkhcf sb|dh 7443( }jcb d| kcigfc ihcg{ |jg| }d|jns| mnc{bfcb| db|c{cb|dnb

fgyydc kgbe `gdhs{cy }nshl {cysh|"

 \jdy jdy|n{t dy dfpn{|gb| |n sy gy |{glc{y `n{ |}n {cgynby1

7" [c`n{fy gdfcl g| {c|s{bdbm |jc y|gkdhd|t n` |jc Agpgbcyc `dbgbidgh yty|cf g{c y|dhh

nbmndbm |nlgt( gbl d| dy |jcyc `dbgbidgh gbl y|{si|s{gh {c`n{fy |jg| |{glc{y }g|ij

ihnycht }jcb lc|c{fdbdbm |jc `sblgfcb|gh ld{ci|dnb n` |jc Agpgbcyc Cinbnft"

;" Agpgbcyc inbysfc{y( fgbt n` }jnf jgl hny| hg{mc ysfy n` fnbct db |jc {cgh

cy|g|c gbl y|nie fg{ec|y( hn}c{cl inbysfc{ ypcbldbm ydmbd`digb|ht( {cysh|dbm db

p{dicy gi|sghht y|g{|dbm |n lci{cgyc |n}g{ly |jc cbl n` |jc 744?-y( ynfc|jdbm }jdij

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dy ebn}b gy lc`hg|dnb"

]jdhc fgbt g{msc |jg| |jc Kgbe n` Agpgb gi|cl |nn hg|c |jct ldl ccb|sghht {cypnbl

|n |jc cinbnfdi }cgebcyy }d|j db|c{cy| {g|c is|y l{ddbm db|c{cy| {g|cy db Agpgb

ln}b `{nf nc{ :# db 744?( ghh |jc }gt |n qc{n pc{icb| db 7444" ]jdhc |jc Kgbe n` 

 Agpgb jgy dbi{cgycl db|c{cy| {g|cy db Agpgb |n "3# ydbic |jcb( |jdy dy y|dhh kt `g{ |jchn}cy| {g|c n` gbt n` |jc |jc fgan{ cinbnfdcy n` |jc }n{hl" Gy g {cysh| n` |jdy d| dy

c{t ijcgp |n kn{{n} Agpgbcyc Tcb( fgedbm d| |jc p{dfg{t `sbldbm is{{cbit `n{ |jc

ig{{t |{glcy( }jdij }c hcg{bcl gkns| db fnlshc 9 n` |jdy ins{yc" Nbc igbbn| `shht

sblc{y|gbl gbl gb|didpg|c fncfcb|y db |jc Agpgbcyc Tcb( }d|jns| g `shh

sblc{y|gbldbm n` |jc ig{{t |{glc( yn d` tns jgc bn| lnbc yn gh{cglt D cbins{gmc

tns |n mn kgie gbl {cdc} |jc |j{cc hcyynb yc{dcy db Fnlshc 9 nb |jc ig{{t |{glc"

 \jg|-y ns{ hcyynb `n{ |nlgt" Db |nfn{{n}-y hcyynb }c }dhh }{gp sp ns{ hcyynb nb |jc

 Tcb }d|j g hnne g| |jc jdy|n{t n` Kgbe n` Agpgb db|c{cb|dnby db |jc is{{cbit fg{ec|(

gbl |jc fgan{ cinbnfdi dbldig|n{y }jdij fnc |jc is{{cbit"

Gy gh}gty d` tns jgc gbt wscy|dnb-y n{ inffcb|y phcgyc hcgc |jcf db |jc

inffcb|y yci|dnb kchn}( gbl mnnl hsie }d|j tns{ |{gldbm"

Db ns{ hgy| hcyynb inb|dbscl ns{ ldyisyydnb nb |jc Agpgbcyc Tcb( }d|j g hnne g| }jg|jgppcbcl |n |jc Tcb gbl Agpgb-y cinbnft g`|c{ |jcd{ gyyc| p{dic kskkhc kcmgb |nks{y| db 744?( gbl jn} |jdy y|dhh g``ci|y |jc is{{cbit |nlgt" Db |nlgt-y hcyynb }c g{cmndbm |n }{gp sp ns{ ldyisyydnb nb |jc Tcb( }d|j g hnne g| Kgbe n` AgpgbDb|c{cb|dnb( gbl n|jc{ `sblgfcb|gh `gi|n{y }jdij fnc |jc is{{cbit"

Gy }c |nsijcl nb db ns{ `d{y| hcyynb db |jdy yc{dcy( Agpgb jgy `c} bg|s{gh {cyns{icyn` |jcd{ n}b( yn |jct g{c gb cinbnft |jg| {chdcy jcgdht nb dfpn{|y n` bg|s{gh{cyns{icy ysij gy ndh" \jdy dy ynfc|jdbm |n eccp db fdbl }jcb |{gldbm |jc is{{cbit(kcigsyc gy Agpgb dfpn{|y ghfny| 7??# n` d|y ndh `{nf nc{ycgy( dbi{cgycy gbllci{cgycy db |jc p{dic n` ndh }dhh bn{fghht jgc gb g``ci| nb |jc ghsc n` |jc Tcb"

 \jc ycinbl |jdbm |jg| d| dy dfpn{|gb| |n eccp db fdbl( dy |jg| |jc Agpgbcyc cinbnft{chdcy jcgdht nb czpn{|y ysij gy ig{y gbl chci|{nbdiy |n m{n} |jcd{ cinbnft" Gy g{cysh| n` |jdy( |jc ghsc n` Agpgb-y is{{cbit dy gb ccb fn{c dfpn{|gb| `gi|n{ db |jcd{cinbnfdi m{n}|j |jgb `n{ insb|{dcy }jdij ln bn| {cht yn jcgdht nb czpn{|y |n l{dclnfcy|di m{n}|j" Gy }c hcg{bcl gkns| db ns{ hcyynby nb |{glc `hn}y( g y|{nbmc{ Tcb

gs|nfg|dighht fcgby |jg| Agpgbcyc mnnly gbl yc{dicy kcinfc fn{c czpcbydc `n{nc{ycgy inbysfc{y( }jdij }dhh js{| Agpgbcyc czpn{|y"

 \n eccp |jc Tcb `{nf {dydbm |n |jc pndb| }jc{c d| }nshl js{| |jc Agpgbcyc cinbnft(|jc Kgbe n` Agpgb dy bn|n{dnsy `n{ db|c{cbdbm db |jc `n{cdmb czijgbmc fg{ec|y(}jdij igb ycbl |jc ghsc n` |jc tcb phsffc|dbm"

Kchn} dy g m{gpj p{ndlcl kt Lgdht`z"inf }jdij yjn}y ynfc n` |jc jdy|n{t n`  Agpgbcyc db|c{cb|dnb( }jdij gy tns igb ycc |cbly |n |gec phgic g{nsbl |jc 7??

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hcch db |jc is{{cbit" Gy |jc KNA jgy kccb yn c``ci|dc }d|j db|c{cb|dnb db |jc pgy|(d| jgy mn||cb |n |jc pndb| bn} }jc{c ghh |jct bccl |n ln dy |ghe n` db|c{cb|dnb*ynfc|jdbm ighhcl c{kgh db|c{cb|dnb$ |n tcb kgycl pgd{y {niec|dbm jdmjc{"

Gy }d|j ghh |jc is{{cbit pgd{y }c g{c y|sltdbm( |jc{c g{c fgbt cinbnfdi dbldig|n{y

}jdij g``ci| |jc ghsc n` |jc tcb( |jg| }c inshl ypcbl fsij |dfc ldyisyydbm" Gy }cjgc gh{cglt inc{cl |jc fgan{ dbldig|n{y `n{ |jc SY db fnlshc : n` ns{ kgydiy n` |{gldbm ins{yc( gbl gy |jc dbldig|n{y db Agpgb g{c fsij |jc ygfc( db |jc db|c{cy| n` fgzdfdqdbm ns{ hcg{bdbm |dfc D gf mndbm |n pndb| tns |n}g{ly |}n `{cc yd|cy `n{fn{c db`n{fg|dnb"

 \jc `d{y| dy @Z ]n{ly \{gldbm Mhnyyg{t gbl |jcd{ cinbnfdi dbldig|n{y pgmc `n{ Agpgb|jc hdbe |n }jdij tns igb `dbl kchn} |jdy dlcn" Gy tns igb ycc jc{c |jct p{ndlcbn| nbht |jc lc`dbd|dnb n` cgij n` |jc fgan{ {chcgycy ks| ghyn |jc dfpn{|gbic n` |jcdbldig|n{ |n |jc fg{ec|"

 \jc ycinbl yd|c dy |jc mhnkgh ighgblc{ }jdij tns igb `dbl kt ihdiedbm |jc ighcblg{

ks||nb g| |jc |np n` lgdht`z"inf" Gy tns igb ycc jc{c db glld|dnb |n mddbm tns |jcdfpn{|gbic n` |jc dbldig|n{( |jct ghyn mdc tns |jc |dfc d| dy yijclsghcl `n{ {chcgyc(|jc `n{igy|( gbl }jc{c tns igb mn |n `dbl ns| fn{c db`n{fg|dnb"

 \jg|y ns{ hcyynb `n{ |nlgt gbl |jg| }{gpy sp ns{ |j{cc hcyynb yc{dcy nb |jc Agpgbcyc Tcb" Db ns{ bcz| hcyynb }c }dhh y|g{| g bc} yc{dcy nb |{gldbm |jc K{d|dyj_nsbl yn }c jnpc |n ycc tns db |jg| hcyynb" Gy gh}gty d` tns jgc gbt wscy|dnby n{inffcb|y phcgyc hcgc |jcf db |jc inffcb|y yci|dnb kchn}( gbl mnnl hsie }d|jtns{ |{gldbm'