Compiled by: S Galloway M&R Site Medic 4 Nov 2015

ABOUT CPR AND FIRST AID:

New treatments have improved the possibility of survival from cardiovascular emergencies, cardiac arrest, drowning and stroke. These new treatments offer the hope of improved quality of life for people who suffer these events. About 92 percent of sudden cardiac arrest victims die before reaching the hospital, but statistics prove that if more people knew CPR, more lives could be saved. Immediate CPR can double, or even triple, a victim’s chance of survival. Why must we do CPR? THE MOST IMPORTANT FACT IS TO KEEP THE BLOOD FLOWING THROW THE BODY BY DOING PROPER CHEST COMPRESSIONS WHEN THE HEART IS NO LONGER ABLE TO BEAT ON ITS OWN.

What to do in an emergency? Follow the easy steps if someone goes into cardiac arrest (heart stop beating) or stops breathing.

Ensure it is safe to approach the scene

NATIONAL CARIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) WEEK 4-10 NOV

Compiled By S Galloway M&R Site Medic 4 Nov 2015

STEP 1 Check the victim for unresponsiveness. If the person is not responsive and not breathing or not breathing normally. CALL/PHONE for help and return to victim

STEP 2 If the victim is not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. Push down in the center of the chest BETWEEN THE NIPPLE LINE about 5cm deep.

Do 30 compressions and allow chest recoil between each compression. Push hard and fast at the rate of at least 100/minute.

STEP 3

Tilt the head back and lift the chin. Pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow, ensure you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths. Each breath should take at least 1 second.

Complications of CPR

Vomiting is the most frequently encountered complication of CPR. If the victim starts to vomit,

turn the head to the side and try to sweep out or wipe off the vomit. Continue with CPR.

Checking for a Pulse

The pulse check is no longer taught or expected of laypersons. Instead if there are no signs of life

(such as no breathing, no movement, and no response to voice) begin with chest compressions on

the chest. Provide two mouth-to-mouth breaths after every 30 compressions. Please note that the

pulse check is expected of health care providers.

CALL

BETWEEN THE

NIPPLE LINE

SEQUENCE STEPS IS: C-A-B

Compressions Airway Breathing

2 BREATHS

1 CYCLE CONSIST OF:

30 COMPRESSIONS 2

BREATHS

Perform 5 cycles

Compiled By S Galloway M&R Site Medic 4 Nov 2015

CPR FOR ADULTS: - Age Category: 8 years and older:

Use two hands to perform chest compressions. Ratio: 30:2 - 5 cycles – reassess

CPR FOR CHILDREN: - Age category: 1 to 8 years

Use one hand to perform chest compressions. Ratio: 30:2 –

5 cycles – reassess

CPR FOR INFANTS: - Age category: 1 year and less

Use two fingers ( middle & ring finger) to perform chest

compressions. Ratio: 30:2 – 5 cycles – reassess.

PLEASE NOTE: IF THE VICTIM HAS A HEART BEAT BUT NOT BREATHING

NORMAL: OPEN THE AIRWAY AND GIVE 2 BREATHS. IF VICTIM STOPS

BREATHING START CHEST COMPRESSIONS.

FOLLOW THE STEPS AS ILLUSTRATED ABOVE