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Student Discussion/Poster preparation – Abortion and Reproductive LossesBrucellosis Leptospirosis Campylobacteriosis Trichomoniasis

Local names Bang’s Dz Weils Dz Vibriosis TrichomonasTrich

Causative Agent B. abortus / melitensis / ovis / suis /canis

L. Pomona / icterohaemorrhagiae /canicola / hardjo (mastitis

!. "etus venerealis T. "oetus

 pidemiology

!behaviour o" d#

in env / epi triad$

#Late gestation#$atural mating % B. ovis (ram isa""ected (not o" concern#&n'asteurized mil#)ngestion o" dsch "rom in"ected co*sthat hv just aborted 'lacenta #'urchased o" carrier co*s#inhalation+cuts+abrasions or dro'let#in"ected material at time o" calving orabortion#most calves in"ected at birth clear the

in"ection#lac at 'recaution at movemen#in"ected breeding bulls transmit duringservice to co* "rom in"ected semen.

Pathogenesis#ingestion#re'licate in L$#bacteremia "ollo*ed b, colonisation o"su'ramammar, L$+mammar, gland+andgravid uterus#uterine in"ctn at -nd trimester# bacteria a''ears in 'lacenta andre'licates in chorioallantoic tro'hoblastdue to 'resence o" er,thritol#organisms also occur in "oetal'lacenta+endothelial cells+and ca'illar,lumina causing vasculitis and destructono" chorionic villi.#'lacental in"lammation and disru'tioncauses "oetal death and e'ulsion o""etus#shedding o" bacte usuall, sto's at

#0odents (reservoir/vector % cause#contamination in *ater/"eed etc#1ucous membrane 'enetration % breao" sin+ inhalation#transmission occur throughurine+aborted "etus and uterine dsch#s'lashes o" urine "rom other co*s#zoonotic#venereal in"ctn is unim'ortant#cattle remain carriers u' to 23 months#organism viable u' to 4 months in dam'

soil and "ree sur"ace h-o

Pathogenesis#abrasions+ mucosa multi'lies#se'ticemia in 5#6 d#meninges#meningitis#idne, n tubules#shedding#uterus n 'lacenta#abortion#liver#hemol,sin#hemol,tic anemia# jaundice

!oitus / venereal transmission % "romcarrier / contaminated bull (older /7) (normall, not % screening

#intro o" in"ected bulls or co*s

Pathogenesis#'asses thru cervi#organism establish in uterus+ one *eea"ter vaginal in"ection.#causes muco'urulent endometritis

('ersist "or #5 months#also sal'ingitis#'revent conce'tion+or causesembr,onic death and hei"ers return toestrus b, 58d#abortion less common

!oitus / venereal transmission % "romcarrier / contaminated bull (older /95 ,ears male

occurence#rare#cattle

Pathogenesis#endometritis#sal'ingitis:death o" conce'tus+b5 or

a"ter conce'tus

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 *ees a"ter abortion

Typical Signs 7bortion# Third tr imester

#calves born immature and *ea#in"lammation o" uterus n ecessive

vaginal dsch

$o ',ometra 

7bortion# To*ards the end 'regnanc,

(stillbirth$o ',ometra 

!alves#meningitis#severe de'ression n reduced a''etite#',reia #o'isthotonus#muscle tremor#'addling *hen in lateral recumbenc,#occasionall,+ etensor rigidit,#o'hthalmitis * h,'o',on#PL0 is slo*#ma,be blind dt o'tic discoedema n renal vessel congestion

7dults

#miling co*s in earl, stage#mil dro's,ndrome#',reia #eating normall, * no obviousabnormalit, in demeanour#,ello* orange coloured mil+thic stic,lie colostrum#all 5 ; a""#no evidence o"in"lammation+hardness#mil ,ield slo*l, return to normal#high leuoc,te count in mil#"ollo*ing localization in idne,#abortioncan occur at gestation 5#< months

es'eciall, in ,ounger co*s#calves born alive in late gestationma,be *ea+ lethargic and non viable.#high conc o" organisms ecreted"ollo*ing abortion.

# 0e'eat breeding (unsuccess"ul7bortion

# )n earl, embr,onic stage# Within the estrous c,cle

#in"ertilit,#earl, embr,onic death#= o" high return to estrus 'rolongedinterestrous interval#s'oradic abortion:5#3 months gestation

# 0e'eat breeding (unsuccess"ul7bortion

# )n earl, embr,onic stage# Within the estrous c,cle

P,ometra 

1etritis

#irregular return o" service#*hitish dsch#',ometra #return to service#'oor calving >#sel" cure#male carr, in "old o" 're'uce

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Samples ?erum % 0BPT / @L)?7 / !AT1il % 1il 0ing test /Placenta n discharge

&rineBlood

#Pre'utial *ash ho* ?terile "luid"lushing inside the *all o" 're'uce. 7"ter#5 "lushes then retrieve the sam'le#Vaginal s*ab/mucus

Pre'utial *ash ho* ?terile "luid"lushing inside the *all o" 're'uce. 7"ter#5 "lushes then retrieve the sam'leVaginal s*ab

Diagnosis #P1 on "etus:'lacentitis+necroticcot,ledons+intercot,ledonar, 'lacenta isthicened n o'aCue#histo

:su''urative 'lacentitis (endometritis indam:su''urative broncho'neumonia in"etus#serolog,1il 0ing test (agab T@?T 20BPT(ag reagent (test 'resence o" ab@L)?7 ag#culture:"oetal lung+abomasum+'lacenta+maternal urine+mammar, secretion

#&rine to loo "or ag in dar "ieldmicrosco'e#demons o" le'tos'ira s'.#17T % microsco'ic agglutination test#tissue smear:A7 techniCue#culture:blood+mil+urine

#@L)?7:'aired serum+ indv serum

Pre'utial *ash %stain % microsco'e %seagull sha'e / culture

Dar "ield microsco',#curved rod * cocscre* mvmnt

#necrotizing 'lacentitis#he'atitis#broncho'neumonia #isolation o" organisms('lacenta+abomasum#

Pre'utial *ash %stain % microsco'e %seagull sha'e / culture

#disch#direct microsco',:"lagellated#culture: vaginal disch+'re'utial

scra'ing#mucus agglutination#)g7#@L)?7#)g7

Treatment Tr % long acting E,tet+ stre'tom,cin$o Tr# Test n slaughter

!an be tr % stre'tom,cin 28 mg/g (#Fd#single dose stre'tom,cin -F mg/g

!o*: )ntrauterine Penstre'+s'ontaneous recover, *ithin F months

0aing % (7cri"lavin douch (to get rid o"the 'us

Put a bolusDimetradiazole % anti'rotozoal F8 mg/gF da,s oral

Control G!linical case in "arm)solate the animal % *ait until it is dried('revent shedding % then slaughterVaccineHilled % to reduce no clinical casesLive % given to the ,oung "emale (5#3mths1gmt)solation % re" clinical case G

1gmt!ontrol rat (reservoirAeed % storage@nv % "eed trough ('ossiblecontaminationVaccinationTreat incoming animals=,gieneDo not ee' stagnant h-o

7)Iusti"ication % tr

Bull: higher dose (-.F to 'revent devo" carrier

Treat semen *ith stre'tom,cin

V hei"er 2 month be"ore breeding

!ull bull more than 3 ,rs as older bulls+the lining o" the sheath develo'"olds+*hich can e""ectivel, harbourorganism.

7)Iusti"ication % tr0emove old bulls