Aboriginal Knowledge and Intellectual Property Protocol

Community Guide

Waltja Tjutangku Palyapayi

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ContentsPreamble 3

What is important? 4Ethics 4Confidentiality 5Freepriorinformedconsent 6Benefitsharing 7Whathappenstotheresearch? 8Keepingandfindingtheresearch 9Reportingandpublishing 10Usingtheresearch 11Returnandreportingback 12MakingsuretheProtocolisused 13Goodresearchchecklist 14Iunderstand 15

What words mean 16Aboriginalknowledge 16Intellectualproperty(IP) 16Backgroundintellectualproperty 17Commercialisation 17

emily Cox 18Isobel nampitjinpa Gorey 19Margaret orr 20topsy Dixon 21Joni Wilson 22

MrsDixonpassedawayin2010afterthecompletionofthe1steditionoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocolCommunityGuide.ThefamilyofMrsDixonhavekindlygivenpermissionforhernameandimagetobeused.

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PreAMble

Aboriginal Knowledge and Intellectual Property Protocol Community Guide

ThisProtocoltellsabouttherulesforresearchersandshowshowlocalAboriginalpeopleandresearcherscanworktogether.

Aboriginalpeopleowntheirknowledge.

AllresearchthatconcernsAboriginalpeoplemustrespectAboriginalcultureandknowledge.

Everyoneshouldbeequalintheresearchandhavesharedunderstandings.

ThisProtocolmakessurethatresearcherswhoworkwithAboriginalpeopleandNintiOnedotherightthing.

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WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

ethics

ethics is doing things the right way. It means:

Beingrespectfulofeveryoneinvolved.

Peopleworkingtogether.

Learningandsharingisbothways.

Everyoneinvolvedwins.

Talkingisstraightface-to-face.

Talkingandlisteningareequal.

Understandingthateveryplaceisdifferentandhasitsownway.

Theresearchercontinuestoaskiftheyareworkingtherightwaythroughouttheresearch.

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Confidentiality

Notallstoriescanbeshared.

Somestoriesarepublicandsomestoriesareprivate:‘Thisstoryisjustbetweenyouandme’.

Sometimesresearchersneedtounderstandthattheycannotwritedownallthestories.

YouneedtohaveachancetohearorreadwhattheresearcherhasrecordedsothatyoucansayifitisOKtowriteandpublishit,orifsomepartsareprivate.

Youneedtomakeitclearwhatcanbetalkedaboutandwhatcanbewrittendown.

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Free prior informed consent

Youneedtoknowallabouttheresearchbeforeyoudecidethatyouwanttoparticipate(thismighttakesometime).

Theresearcherhastotalkandexplainproperly.

Theresearchermightneedalocalhelper.

Honestyandtalkingstraightareimportantbothways.

Youshouldnotbebossedaround.

Youshouldnotberushed.Justtakeyourtimetodecide.

Bigchangestotheresearchneedtobetalkedaboutstraightface-to-facewitheveryoneinvolved.

ItisOKtosay‘NO’.

Youcanchangeyourmindaboutbeinginvolved.

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benefit sharing

Sharingandlearningmustbebothways.

Theresearchhastomakeadifference.IthastobeimportantforAboriginalpeople.

Theresearchhastohelppeople.

‘Wehelptheresearcherandtheresearcherhelpsus’.

Aboriginalworkersintheresearchshouldbepaid.

Speakupandtellthetruestory.

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What happens to the research?

Anything told or shown to researchers should not be used in any way without:

TheagreementandfullunderstandingoftheAboriginalpeopleinvolved.

Makingsurethattheinformationispublicandnotprivate.

TheNintiOneBoardbeingsurethatAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearcharehappyaboutit.

TheNintiOneBoardsaying‘yes’tostoriesorinformationbeingputinreportsorinabook.

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Keeping and finding the research

the research information and recordings will be kept:

AccordingtoAboriginalculturallawsandpractices.

Inlocalknowledgecentresandkeepingplaces.

InwaysthattherightAboriginalpeoplecanfindthemandusethem.

AccordingtoAustralianGovernmentprivacylaws.

Ordestroyed,ifaskedforbytherightAboriginalpeople.

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reporting and publishing

After the research is finished:

ThenamesofAboriginalpeoplemustbekeptprivateunlesstheresearchersaretolditisOKtousethem.

Ifyouworkedcloselyontheproject,yournameshouldalsobeontheresearchreportsasanauthor.

Aboriginalpeoplemustbeacknowledgedashelpingintheproject,unlesstheysaytheydonotwanttobenamed.

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Using the research

the research will only be used:

ForreasonsthatwereagreedtobyAboriginalpeople.

IfitdoesnothurtorshameAboriginalpeople.

TobenefitAboriginalpeople.

Tomakemoney,iftheNintiOneBoardissurethatAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearchagree.

Thisisaboutcommercialisation.

Tomakemoney,ifalegalAgreementismadebetweenNintiOneandtheAboriginalownersoftheknowledge.

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return and reporting back

the researcher must make sure that:

Aboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearcharekeptup-to-dateaboutit.

Aboriginalpeopleknowwhotheycancontactiftheyareunhappywithhowtheresearchisbeingdone.

ProjectreportsareprovidedtoallAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearchinwaysthatmakesenseandareuseful.

GoodstoriesarecelebratedwiththeAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearch.

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Making sure the Protocol is used

EveryoneinvolvedinNintiOneresearchisresponsibleformakingsurethisProtocolisfollowed.

NintiOnehasstrongrulesforresearchersaboutusingthisProtocol.

NintiOnewillworkwithAboriginalpeopletomakesurethattheProtocolisthebestitcanbe.

IfyouhavegoodideasabouthowtomaketheProtocolbetter,pleasetellNintiOne.

ThisGuidetotheProtocolwasmadeinNovember2008.

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Good research checklist

It’sOKformetoworkonthisresearch.

ThisresearchisOKwiththecommunity.

Iamworkingwiththevisitingresearcher.

Iamgettingpaid.

Iknowtheresearchwillbeuseful.

Iknowtheresearchwillmakeadifference.

IknowthatIwillgetcopiesoftheresearch.

Iambeinglistenedto.

Iambeingrespected.

Wehavemadearesearchagreement.

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I understand

Whatwillhappenintheresearchandhowlongitwilltake.

Whattheresearchers,includingme,areabletodointheresearch.

Whatwillbelearntfromdoingtheresearchandhowmycommunitywillbenefit.

Thatsomethingsmightaffecttheresearch,likebadweatherorculturalbusiness.

Whatwillhappentothewritteninformation,recordings,photos,video,etc,collectedintheresearch.

Whoispayingtheresearcherandwhytheywanttodotheresearch.

WhotocontactifI’munhappywithhowtheresearchisgoing.

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WhAt WorDs MeAn

Aboriginal knowledge

Thisisallofthestoriesandtheculture(thatyoucanseeandhear)thatarepassedonfromtheoldpeople.Thesestoriesandwaysofdoingthingsareheldbythecommunity,notjustoneperson.Butdifferentpeoplewillholddifferentstories.ThesestoriesandcultureareclosetothelandandAboriginalidentity.

Intellectual property (IP)

Appliesto‘things’thataremadebecauseoftheresearch.Theseincludeanythingthatiswritten,suchasreports,orrecordedinsoundorimage.Theybecome‘property’thatcanbeowned.IPlawsinAustraliaincludetheCopyrightAct,thePatentsAct,PlantBreedersRightAct,TradeMarksActandtheDesignsAct.

seecrc-rep.com/sites/default/files/upload/bp1_intellectual-property-rights-in-australian-law.pdf

andcrc-rep.com/sites/default/files/upload/bp5_aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-knowledge-western-knowledge-and-ip.pdf

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background intellectual property

Thisistheknowledgepeoplebringwiththemintoaproject,thestoriesandculturethatyouhavebeforetheprojectstarts.Thisistheknowledgethatyouown,ratherthanwhatyoulearntthroughtheproject.

Commercialisation

Ifresearchiscommercialisedthenitbecomesamoney-makingbusiness.IfmoneyisgoingtobemadeoutofresearchthenalegalagreementhastobemadebetweentheAboriginalpeoplewhoseknowledgecontributestotheresearchandNintiOne.Thisagreementwilltalkabouthowanymoneymightbedividedupandhowpeoplemightbenefit.

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eMIly CoxTheochreiscountry.Thecirclesbelowcountryisalltheknowledge.Thefootstepsshowpeoplecomingforameeting,menandwomen,Aboriginal(brownfeet)andvisitingresearchers(whitefeet).Theyareallsharingtheirstories.Theyellowdotsinthecirclearestoriesthatcanbegivenout(public)stories.Thegreydotsinthecirclearethesecretorprivatestories.

Theochredotsarestoriesorknowledgethatcanbetalkedabouttohelppeopleunderstand,buttheycan’tbetakenaway.Theytalkandagreeaboutwhatgoodtheresearchcando.Theycometobefriends.Everybodyishappyandtheywalkofftogether.

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Isobel nAMPItJInPA GoreyAliceSpringsisthehalfcircleatthetopofthepainting.ThevisitingresearchertravelsfromAliceSpringstothecommunity.Inthemiddleisacommunitymeeting.ThewhiteUshapesarethevisitingresearcherssittingdownwithcommunityleaderstoexplainandtoaskpermission.ThecommunityleaderssayOK.Thenthevisitorsgoouttotalkwithfamiliesinthecommunityandinoutstations.TheygowithlocalNintiringtjakuworkers(brownfootsteps).

Theysitdownandexplainandaskquestionsandlisten.TheNintiringtjakuworkersexplaininlanguageandEnglishsoeveryoneunderstands.TheNintiringtjakuworkershelppeopletotalkupaboutwhatisOKtowritedownandwhatisprivate.

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MArGAret orrInthemiddleofthepaintingisaCouncilmeeting.Greypeople(U)areseniors,theoldpeople.BrownUarethecommunitymembers.WhiteUarethevisitingresearchworkers.Themeetinggivespermissionforvisitingresearcherstogooutandtalktothecommunity.Onegroupofcommunitypeopletalkintotaperecorders(Uwithrectangleabove).TheycandecideiftheirstoriesareOKtoshareoriftheyareprivateandconfidential.Otherpeopletalkandtheresearcherswritedownwhattheysay(whitebooks).ThepeopleareOKfortheresearcherstotaketheirwordsawayfortheresearch,buttheyhavetogiveacopytothecommunitypeople.Anothergrouptalksupstrongtothevisitingresearchersandgivesthemgoodideasbutsaysthestoriesareconfidential(brownbooks),andtheresearcherscan’twritethemdown.

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toPsy DIxonCouncilmeetingisthefirstthing.Thevisitorscometoaskpermission.Councilpeopleasklotsofquestionsandtalkupstrongforthecommunity.CouncilsaysOKfortheresearch.Theytellthevisitorswhotheyshouldgoandtalkto:somefamilies,someoutstations.ThevisitorsgowhereCouncilsays.

Whenthevisitorstalktofamiliestheyshowrespectandtheylisten.Theyuseataperecorder.Whentheyhavevisitedeverybodytheygobackagainandgiveacopyofthetapebacktothefamily.ThisisagoodtimeforthemtocheckifitisOK.ThisisagoodtimeforthemtocheckifitisOKtouseeverythingonthetapeorifsomethingisprivate.

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JonI WIlsonThehandmeansthatattheendofallthepeoplemeetingtogether,everyoneishappy,everythinghasbeendonetherightway.Theresearchercomesintoacommunitytodiscussthedocument,whateverisneeded.Thelocalpeoplemeetwiththemtohearwhathastobesaid.Thenextstepisthattheresearcherhastomeetwiththeeldersandshowthedocumenttothem.Thenthelocalpeopleandtheeldersmeetaboutthedocumentandthesacredstuff.Thentheytakethedocumentandthesacredstufftoshowtheresearcherswheretheycanworkorwhattorespectandwhotogoto.Thesacredstuffandstoriesaretobeleftwhereitwasheardandtheresearchersandtheelderstrusteachotherandrespecteveryone.Theresearchershouldalwaysrespectwheretheyareandrespectthecommunityandthepeople.

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ContrIbUtInG AUthor AnD ArtIst InForMAtIonMargaretOrr,MpwelarreCommunity(WalkaboutBore)

PeterKenny,MpwelarreCommunity(WalkaboutBore)

IsobelNampitjinpaGorey,Papunya

TopsyDixon,Papunya

AlmaMir,BatchelorInstituteofIndigenousTertiaryEducation,Batchelor

EmilyCox,CentralAustralianRemoteHealthDevelopmentServices,AliceSprings

JoniWilson,CentralAustralianRemoteHealthDevelopmentServices,AliceSprings

ACKnoWleDGeMentsThisCommunityGuideisanadaptationoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocol.ThedevelopmentoftheCommunityGuidewasfacilitatedbyAliciaBoyleCDU,SarahHolcombeANU,andKateLawrence,Waltja.

ThedevelopmentoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocolinvolvedfocusgroupsandworkshopdiscussionsinAdelaideandAliceSpringswitharangeofAboriginalandnon-Aboriginalparticipants.

ThedesignonthebackcoverisfromWaltja’scommitteemeetingin2006.Theartistisunknown.

NintiOneLimitedisanot-for-profitnationalcompanythatbuildsopportunitiesforpeoplelivinginremoteregionsofAustralia.NintiOnemanagestheintellectualpropertyfromtheformerDesertKnowledgeCooperativeResearchCentre,theresearchactivitiesandpartnershipsoftheCooperativeResearchCentreforRemoteEconomicParticipationandengagesinresearchandresearchdeliveryandcommercialisationactivitiesthatbenefitAustralianslivinginremoteareas.

enqUIrIes shoUlD be ADDresseD to:ninti one limited

Phone: +61889596000Fax: +61889596048email: info@nintione.com.au

ISBN:978174158213-0(Print)ISBN:9781741582123(Online)

CItAtIon: OrrM,KennyP,GoreyIN,DixonT,MirA,CoxE,WilsonJ.2009.AboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocol:CommunityGuide.2ndEdition.NintiOneLimited,AliceSprings.

For ADDItIonAl InForMAtIon PleAse ContACt:ninti one limitedCommunicationsManager

POBox3971AliceSpringsNT0871Australia

Phone: +61889596000Fax: +61889596048www.nintione.com.au

ThefullAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocol,onwhichthisCommunityGuideisbased,isavailablefordownloadfrom:www.nintione.com.au/welcome-website-portal-ninti-one-limited/resource-centreorfromtheWaltjawebsite:www.waltja.org.au

©NintiOneLimitedandWaltjaTjutangkuPalyapayi

MrsDixonpassedawayin2010afterthecompletionofthe1steditionoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocolCommunityGuide.ThefamilyofMrsDixonhavekindlygivenpermissionforhernameandimagetobeused.