Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Cultures in the Science Curriculum Aboriginal...

Aboriginal and Torres Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Strait Islander

Histories and Cultures Histories and Cultures in the Science in the Science

CurriculumCurriculum

Joe Sambono, Education Queensland

Project Officer with DETE Seconded Secondary Teacher (Science) - Zoology

background Currently working on the Curriculum Into the Classroom

project (C2C) What is C2C?

C2C involves the interpretation of the various Australian Curriculum learning areas and the construction of lessons and associated resources for educators

My primary role is to support the C2C team and to ensure the CCP of A&TSI Histories and Cultures is included throughout the C2C materials in an adequate, respectful and culturally safe manner that meets the intent of this important priority

I started by reviewing the Australian Curriculum: Science This led me to mapping the Curriculum

-Filtering and identifying content descriptors and elaborations that have A&TSI Histories and Cultures Cross Curriculum Priorities

IMO This step is critical to the genuine embedding of this CCP

Designing units of work that recognise, include and address these flagged content descriptors through the A&TSI H&C context (elaboration) will by virtue truly embed this priority.

How did I map Science and what does the Science Curriculum A&TSI H&C CCP’s look like?

Subject Learning Phase Strand Sub-Strand Content descriptor Elaboration

Mapping organisation

Foundation Year (1) SUScience Understanding Earth and space sciences ElaborationsDaily and seasonal changes in our environment, including the weather, affect everyday life(ACSSU004)learning how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander concepts of time and weather patterns explain how things happen in the world around them

Year 1(1) SHEScience as a Human Endeavour Use and influence of science ElaborationsPeople use science in their daily lives, including when caring for their environment and living things(ACSHE022)considering that technologies used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people require an understanding of how materials can be used to make tools and weapons, musical instruments, clothing, cosmetics and artworks

Mapping of ACARA Hand prints

(Science)

Year 2 (1) SHEScience as a Human Endeavour Use and influence of science ElaborationsPeople use science in their daily lives, including when caring for their environment and living things (ACSHE035)finding out about how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people use science to meet their needs, including food supply

Year 3 (2) SHEScience as a Human Endeavour Nature and development of science ElaborationsScience involves making predictions and describing patterns and relationships (ACSHE050)researching how knowledge of astronomy has been used by some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peopleUse and influence of science ElaborationsScience knowledge helps people to understand the effect of their actions (ACSHE051)researching Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s knowledge of the local natural environment, such as the characteristics of plants and animals


Year 4 (1) SHEScience as a Human Endeavour Nature and development of science ElaborationsScience involves making predictions and describing patterns and relationships (ACSHE061)considering how scientific practices such as sorting, classification and estimation are used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in everyday lifeYear 5 (1) SHEScience as a Human Endeavour Nature and development of science ElaborationsImportant contributions to the advancement of science have been made by people from a range of cultures (ACSHE082)learning how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples used observation of the night sky to assist with navigationYear 6 (1) SHEScience as a Human Endeavour Nature and development of science ElaborationsImportant contributions to the advancement of sciencenhave been made by people from a range of cultures(ACSHE099)learning how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge, such as the medicinal and nutritional properties of Australian plants, is being used as part of the evidence base for scientific advances


Year 7 (4) 1 SU 3 SHEScience Understanding Biological sciences ElaborationsInteractions between organisms can be described in terms of food chains and food webs; human activity can affect these interactions (ACSSU112)researching specific examples of human activity, such as the use of fire by traditional Aboriginal people and the effects of palm oil harvesting in Sumatra and BorneoScience as a Human Endeavour Nature and development of science ElaborationsScience knowledge can develop through collaboration and connecting ideas across the disciplines of science(ACSHE223)investigating how land management practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples can help inform sustainable management of the environmentScience and technology contribute to finding solutions to a range of contemporary issues; these solutions may impact on other areas of society and involve ethical considerations (ACSHE120)considering issues relating to the use and management of water within a communityconsidering how human activity in the community can have positive and negative effects on the sustainability of ecosystemsScience understanding influences the development of practices in areas of human activity such as industry, agriculture and marine and terrestrial resource management (ACSHE121)investigating how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge is being used to inform scientific decisions, for example care of waterways


Year 8 (1) SHEScience as a Human Endeavour Use and influence of science ElaborationsScience understanding influences the development of practices in areas of human activity such as industry, agriculture and marine and terrestrial resource management (ACSHE136)investigating how Aboriginal people recognise relationships in ecosystems by burning to promote new growth, attract animals and afford easier hunting and food gathering


Science Understandings

Science as a human endeavor

Science inquiry skills

Foundation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

After looking at the curriculum and thoroughly interrogating all of the content descriptors across both the subject strands and phases of learning I felt we could do much more to embed A&TSI Histories & Cultures into the Science Curriculum

I am going to show 22 content descriptors that are not flagged as formal opportunities in The Australian Curriculum: Science however, I believe they can enable the further embedding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Cultures into the Science curriculum

2 examples per year from Foundation through to Y10 Including Y9 and Y10 examples Including SIS examples I want to show the direct curriculum relevance but I

also want to show how it looks in the classroom and ultimately at the learners end

For each year level I will show very briefly a resource that has been developed that demonstrates this

Lets have a look at some lessons that have been constructed that demonstrate this

To meet time constraints I will only show each lessons Title, Content descriptor/curric intent and how each lessons A&TSI H&C component are included and are aligned to the curriculum

How did we do this?

Our material world

Exploring materials and their properties — Exploring hats

Science understanding

Chemical sciences

Objects are made of materials that have observable properties.Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students learn that some Australian Aboriginal peoples make and/or wear hats during ceremonies. An example of this is the ‘kwajar’ hat, made by the Lardil peoples of Mornington Island, in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Students will learn what materials are used based upon their observable properties to make the hats, and will understand the purpose of the hat as being a part of ceremonial costume.

Foundation YearUnit 2 Lesson 3

0A

Move it, move it

Investigating movement of objects — Bounce and roll

Science Understanding

Physical sciences

The way objects move depends on a variety of factors, including their size and shape

Science as a Human Endeavour

Nature and development of science

Science involves exploring and observing the world using the senses Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will explore the way Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples use their senses to observe and understand movement. Traditional activities demonstrate knowledge about movement including factors such as size and shape when playing games involving moving objects.

Foundation YearUnit 4 Lesson 4

0B

Material madness

Investigating physical changes to materials — Investigating ability to contain


Chemical sciences

Everyday materials can be physically changed in a variety of ways.Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will learn that Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples use knowledge about properties of materials when physically changing materials to enable them to contain or hold items.

The Slideshow, Physical changes for holding, includes some examples of materials that have been physically changed to make objects such as baskets, bowls and fishing nets for everyday use.

Year 1Unit 2 Lesson 4

1A

Changes around me

Observing skies — Exploring the weather and the sky


Earth and space sciences

Observable changes occur in the sky and landscape.Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will learn about the significance of sky and weather to Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples. They will learn about some signs used by the Yolngu Aboriginal peoples of Arnhem land, in the Northern Territory.

Video — Twelve Canoes (significance of weather: select ‘Seasons’ clip and play from time point 3:52)


1B

http://www.12canoes.com.au/

Toy factory

Exploring pushes and pulls — Exploring pushes and pulls of familiar objects


Physical sciences

A push or a pull affects how an object moves or changes shape.Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will recognize that Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples use knowledge about pushes, pulls and materials to make traditional spinning toys.


2A

Good to grow

Using knowledge of life stages — Using knowledge of life stages in everyday life: an Indigenous Australian perspective


Biological sciences

Living things grow, change and have offspring similar to themselves.Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will learn about how Indigenous Australians living a traditional lifestyle use their knowledge of life stages in their everyday lives when sourcing food and using plants and animals for making items such as tools.

Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples live sustainably by knowing which life stages best suit their purpose without affecting numbers of plant and animal species.


2B

Hot stuff

Producing heat — Heating up


Physical sciences

Heat can be produced in many ways and can move from one object to anotherEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students investigate how Aboriginal peoples use their knowledge of the behaviour of heat in soils, sand and stone in the preparation of foods. Students explore how Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples have observed natural events on many occasions over generations of time. These observations led to the development of cooking practices that allowed everyday food needs to be met. Ongoing observations provided further evidence and enabled refinement of ideas ensuring effective and continued use.


3A

What’s the matter?

Going further — Investigating an unknown material


Chemical sciences

A change of state between solid and liquid can be caused by adding or removing heatEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will recognise that Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia traditionally used knowledge of solids and liquids in their daily lives when using natural resins. Indigenous Australians have long understood that resin can be changed from a solid state to a liquid state for thousands of years. This knowledge was used by Indigenous Australians to join things, waterproof things, and repair or fill things.


3B

Material Use

Materials and their purpose — Exploring how Indigenous peoples of Australia use natural materials


Chemical sciences

Natural and processed materials have a range of physical properties; these properties can influence their use. Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will recognise that Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples use knowledge of the properties of materials to select and combine materials for a purpose. Understand that Indigenous Australian peoples living traditional lifestyles use natural materials for a variety of purposes, including homes and shelter, clothing, tools and utensils, jewellery and other artefacts. Understand that Indigenous Australian peoples use science knowledge when selecting materials for particular purposes


4A

Here today gone tomorrow

Exploring erosion — Uluru — Case study of erosion


Earth and space sciences

Earth’s surface changes over time as a result of natural processes and human activity. Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will examine the impact of human activities upon erosion on and around Uluru whilst also considering the cultural and sacred significance of this site for the Anangu Aboriginal people. Students reflect upon the impact that erosion caused by tourism can have on cultural sites.


4B

Matter matters - Investigating changes in state — Investigating evaporationScience UnderstandingChemical sciencesSolids, liquids and gases have different observable properties and behave in different waysScience as a Human EndeavourUse and influence of scienceScientific knowledge is used to inform personal and community decisionsScience Inquiry Skills Questioning and predictingWith guidance, pose questions to clarify practical problems or inform a scientific investigation, and predict what the findings of an investigation might bePlanning and conductingWith guidance, plan appropriate investigation methods to answer questions or solve problemsDecide which variable should be changed and measured in fair tests and accurately observe, measure and record data, using digital technologies as appropriateUse equipment and materials safely, identifying potential risks.Processing and analysing data and information Construct and use a range of representations, including tables and graphs, to represent and describe observations, patterns or relationships in data using digital technologies as appropriateCompare data with predictions and use as evidence in developing explanationsEvaluatingSuggest improvements to the methods used to investigate a question or solve a problemCommunicating Communicate ideas, explanations and processes in a variety of ways, including multi-modal textsEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lessonStudents will explore how Aboriginal peoples utilise an understanding of evaporation to maintain water sources. Discuss how knowledge of change of state could be useful for making community decisions in dry arid places Understand that indigenous peoples have knowledge of evaporation and use it to prevent water loss. Students conduct a scientific inquiry into evaporation the results of this further highlight that indigenous peoples have knowledge of evaporation and use it to prevent water loss

Year 5Unit 4 Lesson 7-8

5B

Survival in the Australian Environment

Survival in Australian Environments — Surviving the Australian Desert


Biological Sciences

Living things have structural features and adaptations that help them to survive in their environment

Science as a Human Endeavour

Nature and Development of Science

Important contributions to the advancement of science have been made by people from a range of culturesEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will develop an awareness of the Aboriginal peoples’ and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ knowledge about animal adaptations and how this knowledge was shared.

Knowledge of adaptations were utilised by the Aboriginal peoples’ of Australia and shared with early explorers. The Aboriginal peoples’ of Australia shared this knowledge through oral histories.

Knowledge of the water holding frog including how to locate it was valuable in providing a source of water during dry times when water supply was scarce.

Aboriginal peoples knowledge about the water holding frog is evident in the dreaming story Tiddalik which has been shared through oral histories over time.


5A

Making changesReversible changes — Exploring Indigenous Australian’s uses of change of stateScience UnderstandingChemical sciencesChanges to materials can be reversible, such as melting, freezing, evaporating; or irreversible, such as burning and rustingScience as a Human EndeavourUse and influence of scienceScientific understandings, discoveries and inventions are used to solve problems that directly affect peoples’ livesEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lessonExploring how Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples use knowledge about reversible changes applied to cooking food in earth ovens allows students to see that there are very direct applications for understanding reversible changes (evaporation). The use of kup-murri to prepare and cook food is not only a way of feeding a community but the preparation of the kup-murri brings the community together.Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples also used reversible changes to collect and store a number of different resins. These resins could be stored for later use because of the understanding of reversible changes; by cooling the resins they would solidify and heating them would melt them (solidification and melting are both reversible changes). The use of these changes would allow them to be used in a more malleable form. These resins were used in the manufacture of a variety of products, as a cement to secure objects together and as a waterproofing material.


6A

Life on Earth

Natural environments — Exploring Aboriginal knowledge of plant and animal environments


Biological sciences

The growth and survival of living things are affected by the physical conditions of their environmentEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will explore how Aboriginal peoples view their position in the environment, how they care for their country and how they use their ecological knowledge when harvesting resources sustainably, ensuring the growth and survival of living things. Aboriginal peoples have: lived on the land for thousands of years and in some regions continue to do so have successfully populated the Australian continent, including incredibly harsh environments, due in part to their traditional ecological knowledge of how the environment affects living things.


6B

Water — Waste not, want not

Mixtures and substances — Exploring everyday applications of mixtures


Chemical sciences

Mixtures, including solutions, contain a combination of pure substances that can be separated using a range of techniques Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students access information about separation techniques used by the Pitta Pitta Aboriginal Peoples’ and the Koko-bera Aboriginal Peoples’ of Queensland, these include hand-picking, sieving and winnowing


7A

Moving right along — applications in real systems - Forces in action — Investigating forces in actionScience UnderstandingPhysical sciencesChange to an object’s motion is caused by unbalanced forces acting on the objectEarth’s gravity pulls objects towards the centre of the EarthScience as a Human EndeavourUse and influence of scienceScience and technology contribute to finding solutions to a range of contemporary issues; these solutions may impact on other areas of society and involve ethical considerations (ACSHE120)People use understanding and skills from across the disciplines of science in their occupationsScience Inquiry SkillsQuestioning and predictingIdentify questions and problems that can be investigated scientifically and make predictions based on scientific knowledgePlanning and conductingCollaboratively and individually plan and conduct a range of investigation types, including fieldwork and experiments, ensuring safety and ethical guidelines are followedProcessing and analysing data and informationSummarise data from students’ own investigations and secondary sources, and use scientific understanding to identify relationships and draw conclusionsCommunicatingCommunicate ideas, findings and solutions to problems using scientific language and representations using digital technologies as appropriateEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lessonStudents will explore the forces involved in spear throwers made by Indigenous Peoples of Australia and how they applied unbalanced force upon spears to create purposeful change to its motion. Students conduct a science inquiry into levers using ball throwers, observing the effect that a lever has upon the balls motion compared to the balls motion in the absence of a lever. This investigation further highlights the SIS used by Indigenous Australians in the construction of technologies that were purposefully designed to increase spear motion. Students also observe how traditional science investigations led to the development of technologies (spearthrowers) that provided solutions to contemporary issues of food provision.


7B

Particles Matter Materials for a purpose — Investigating natural materials Science understandingChemistryThe properties of the different states of matter can be explained in terms of the motion and arrangement of particlesScience as a human endeavourUse and influence of scienceScience understandings influence the development of practices in areas of human activity such as industry, agriculture and marine and terrestrial resource managementScience Inquiry SkillsPlanning and ConductingCollaboratively and individually plan and conduct a range of investigation types, including fieldwork and experiments, ensuring safety guidelines are followedIn fair tests, measure and control variables, and select equipment to collect data with accuracy appropriate to the taskSummarise data, from students’ own investigations and secondary sources, and use scientific understanding to identify relationships and draw conclusions CommunicatingCommunicate ideas, findings and solutions to problems using scientific language and representations using digital technologies as appropriateEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lessonIn this lesson students will explore Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples understandings about the physical properties of natural fibres and their use for specific purposes. Through a science investigation into the strength and elasticity of natural fibres used by Indigenous Australians students explore how Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples apply their SIS in the production of natural fibres. Students investigate the properties of natural materials and evaluate the strength and elasticity of natural fibres. They observe relationships between the structure and production of natural fibres and their strength and elasticity.


8A

Rocks in my worldUsing minerals — Sciences used in finding minerals.Science UnderstandingEarth and space sciencesSedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks contain minerals and are formed by processes that occur within the Earth over a variety of timescalesScience as a Human EndeavourNature and development of Science Science knowledge can develop through collaboration and connecting ideas across the disciplines of scienceUse and influence of Science People use understanding and skills from across the disciplines of science in their occupationsEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lessonStudents will explore Aboriginal peoples’ and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ traditional geological knowledge that is used in the identification of particular rock groups (Sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous). This includes the knowledge of the properties of these groups as they relate to their use and manipulation, including uses of rock and mineral based resources for toolmaking, stone for toolmaking, milling and artistic work. Students also identify the methods used to recover these resources. Indigenous Australians utilised multiple disciplines of science in the utilisation of geological resources. Geological knowledge was used in the description, finding and use of rocks and minerals. Chemistry knowledge was used in the production of mineral based pigments and dyes. Physics knowledge is essential in the shaping and fracturing of rock in the production of stone tools.


8B

Making Waves

Transfer of sound energy — Making sounds


Physical sciences

Energy transfer through different mediums can be

explained using wave and particle modelsEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will access Aboriginal peoples’ and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ knowledge about energy transfer through materials, by considering musical instruments. Explore how Aboriginal peoples make and use instruments. Use scientific knowledge to explain differences in the transfer of sound energy in terms of frequency/pitch and amplitude produced by didgeridoo and the player.


9A

Heat and Eat

Chemical reactions in everyday life — Exploring indigenous detoxification of foodScience UnderstandingChemical sciencesChemical reactions involve rearranging atoms to form new substances; during a chemical reaction mass is not created or destroyed Science as a Human EndeavourUse and influence of scienceAdvances in science and emerging sciences andtechnologies can significantly affect people’s lives,including generating new career opportunitiesEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lessonStudents will explore methods to remove toxins from poisonous foods as used by many Indigenous Australian groups. Detoxification of Cycad seeds by the Djirbalngan people of North Queensland are investigated. Students further analyse the techniques used by the Djirbalngan people to detoxify cycad seeds and identify both chemical and physical changes. Students understand that the development of detoxification processes is a major advance and significantly affected the lives of many Indigenous Australians allowing the consumption of foods not previously able to be eaten.


9B

Life Blueprints

Exploring understanding of genetics — Revising key genetics concepts and examining Aboriginal skin groupsScience Understanding

Biological Sciences

The transmission of heritable characteristics from one generation to the next involves DNA and genesEmbedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lesson

Students will consider Aboriginal Peoples’ perspectives on skin groups and intra-familial marriages Explain that skin groups are not related to skin colour, per se, but rather are a means of identifying one’s relatedness and role in society Explain that skin groups are found across Australia, but different Aboriginal societies have different numbers of skin groups. Explain that one of the key features of skin group identification is that it delineates who one is and is not allowed to marry. Explain how skin group marriage restrictions could lower the likelihood of genetic disease (transmission of a negative heritable characteristic from one generation to the next) within a community


10A

Chemical reactions matter

Investigating covalent compounds — Investigating natural pharmaceuticalsScience UnderstandingChemical sciencesDifferent types of chemical reactions are used to produce a range of products and can occur at different ratesScience as a Human Endeavour Use and influence of scienceThe values and needs of contemporary society can influence the focus of scientific researchAdvances in science and emerging sciences and technologies can significantly affect people’s lives, including generating new career opportunities Embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures in this lessonIn this lesson students will develop an understanding of the natural resources used as pharmaceuticals by Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Students will also recognise the contribution of Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander Peoples to modern pharmaceutical development.


10B

At all times I have tried to maintain the intent of the Curriculum through direct relevance to the content descriptors.

Through using content descriptors that fit with A&TSI H&C’s we have been able to truly and effectively embed this CCP throughout the Science curriculum beyond the recommended 13 opportunities by ACARA

C2C Prep to 10 has a total of 84 lessons that contain the CCP of A&TSI H’s &C’s and addresses 105 content descriptors

For many of the lessons that contain A&TSI H&C’s we use the context of the topic to teach the content descriptors. This ensures true embedding and avoids add on or piecemeal approaches

I have been able to create an additional 92 elaborations that align to the current content descriptors

This provides at least 105 opportunities to include A&TSI H’s & C’s into the Science Curriculum (92 + 13= 105)

Not every opportunity necessarily means the need to provide an entire dedicated lesson!

Science Understandings

Science as a human

endeavor

Science Inquiry Skills

Total new C2C

Total ACARA

Foundation 4 1

1 5 1

2 5 1

3 4 2

4 13 1

5 15 1

6 5 1

7 9 4

8 11 1

9 7 0

10 14 0

92 13

What can I give to help?-Overview document-Resources folder-Contact details

Work 07 34216489Mob 0403420870Email [email protected]

Help?

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