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Fourth generation of wireless network
Submitted By:Gaurav TripathiECE 7th SemRoll No.75113012
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INTRODUCTION
• 4G(also known as beyond 3G), an abbreviation of fourth generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications.
• The international telecommunication regulatory and standardization bodies are working for commercial deployment of 4G networks roughly in the 2011-2015 time scale.
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Overview
• Wireless System Evolution• 4G Mobile Technology• Motivation for 4G Research Before 3G Has Not
Been Deployed?• Objectives• Approaches• What is needed to Build 4G Networks of
Future?• Applications
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WIRELESS SYSTEM EVOLUTION
• 1GIntroduced in the early
1980s and completed in early 1990s.
Analog signals with the speed up to 2.4kbps
Voice was main traffic
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• 2GLate 1980s and
finished in 2000sDigital signal with up
to 64kbpsVoice transmission
and SMS
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• 3GLate 1990s to late
2000sTransmission speed
from 125kbps to 2Mbps
Based on either circuit switching or packet switching
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• 4GStarting from late
2000sTransmission speed
from 100Mbps to 1Gbps
Only packet switched networks
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What is 4G ?
• The next generation of wireless technology that promises higher data rates and expanded multimedia services.
• A completely new fully IP-based integrated system or systems and network of networks achieved after convergence of wired and wireless networks.
• Capable to provide 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps, respectively in outdoor and indoor environments
• End-to-end QoS and high security.• Any kind of services at any time as per user requirements,
anywhere with seamless interoperability• Always on, affordable cost, one billing and fully
personalized.
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Motivation for 4G Research Before 3G Has Not Been Deployed?
• Needs of future high-performance applications like multi-media, full-motion video, wireless teleconferencing
• Need global mobility and service portability • Difficulty in continuously increasing bandwidth and
high data rate to meet multimedia services requirements, together with the coexistence of different services needing different QoS.
• Need wider bandwidth • Need all digital packet network that utilizes IP in its
fullest form with converged voice and data capability.
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Objectives
• A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bits/s/Hz/site)
• High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell
• A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R
• A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world
• Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks
• Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks
• Interoperability with existing wireless standards and
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Generation OverviewTechnology 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G
First design 1970 1980 1985 1990 2000
Implementation
1982 1991 1999 2002 2010?
Service Analog voice
Digital voice, SMS
Packaged data
Broadband data up to 2 mb/s
IP-oriented unlimited multimedia data
Standards AMPS TDMA, CDMA, GSM
GPRS, EDGE
W-CDMA, HSOPA
WiMAX, HSOPA
Data bandwidth
1.9 kbps 14.4 kbps 384 kbps 2 mbps 200 mbps
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Comparisons of 4G with 3G Mobile TechnologiesMajor requirement driving architecture
3G (Including 2.5G, Sub3G)
4G
Predominantly voice driven; data was always add on
Converged data and voice over IP
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid: Integration of wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode
Frequency Band Dependent on country or
continent (1800‐2400 MHz)
Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
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Major requirement driving architecture
3G (Including 2.5G, Sub3G)
4G
Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice
Access Technologies W-CDMA OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA)
Component Design Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters
Smarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radios
IP A number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0
All IP (IPv6)
Standard WCDMA, CDMA2000 Single Standard
Multiplexing CDMA CDMA
Core Network Packet Network Internet
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Principal Technologies
• Base band techniques– OFDMA: To exploit the frequency selective
channel property– MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency
• Adaptive radio interface• Modulation, spatial processing including multi-
antenna and multi-user MIMO
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Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
• Transmission technique based on FDM
• In FDM– Multiple signals are sent
out at the same time, but on different frequencies
• In OFDMA– A single transmitter
transmits on many different orthogonal (independent) frequencies (typically dozens to thousands)
– Frequencies closely spaced – Each only has room for
Narrowband signal
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Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
Advantage of OFDM• High spectrum efficiency• Resistance against multipath
interference • Ease of filtering out noise • Combining OFDM technique
with other techniques (possible to achieve more advantages e.g. MC-CDMA)
Disadvantage of OFDM• Suffers from time-variations in
the channel : severely degrades performance
• Circuitry must be very linear
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Components – IPV6
• In the context of 4G, IPv6 support is essential in order to support a large number of wireless-enabled devices.
• By increasing the number of IP addresses, IPv6 removes the need for Network Address Translation (NAT).
• IPv6 also enables a number of applications with better multicast, security, and route optimization capabilities.
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Components - Advanced Antenna Systems
• Transmitting & receiving antennas • Resolve problem of diminishing spectrum availability • Doesn’t require increase power or additional
frequency • Fix no. of beams that can be selected to follow
devices as it moves about • Advantages:– Increased capacity – Increased range – Less power use for transmission – Reductions in handoff rate– New services– Increase security
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What is needed to Build 4G Networks of Future?
• Lower Price Points Only Slightly Higher than Alternatives
• More Coordination Among Spectrum Regulators Around the World
• More Academic Research• Standardization of wireless networks• A Voice-independent Business Justification Thinking• Integration Across Different Network Topologies• Non-disruptive or proper Implementation
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Applications
• E-commerce• Business/Work• Private Life• Vehicular• Public Place• Entertainment• Education
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