1

Abercrombie & Fitch

MARKETING IN DESIGN ASSIGNMENT 3

MARKETING STRATEGIES

2

BEATRICE SIM [12040731I]

BRYAN YEO [1201168J]

DYLAN CHNG [1202143B]

SANDRA YEO [1203158I]

WONG WAN WEN [1203478A]

XARIA KWA [1204329E]

DIPLOMA IN APPAREL DESIGN & MERCHANDISING

YEAR 1

SEMESTER 2

BLOCK 1

MARKETING IN DESIGN DPS 1021

ASSIGNMENT 3 MARKETING STRATEGIES

3

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. COMPANY PROFILE

3. MARKETING STRATEGIES

A. ATHLETICS

B. FRANCHISING

C. WELFARE

4. CONCLUSION

4

INTRODUCTION

This report will deal primarily with the suggestion of three marketing strategies that Abercrombie &

Fitch can adopt. These strategies, through research and study, have a high potential to benefit

Abercrombie & Fitch greatly in terms of business.

Following the introduction, a brief description of the company profile, and then immediately the

recommended marketing strategies are introduced. Preceding each of the strategies is a brief analysis

of the related problems faced by the company; the strategies listed are both methods of improvement

and innovative suggestions.

These marketing strategies are divided into three main points: A) focus on athletic branding; B)

expansion via franchising; C) high-profile welfare work. These points will be discussed in depth in their

respective sections.

Finally, a concluding summary and assessment of our recommendations will be made.

COMPANY PROFILE

Summarily, Abercrombie & Fitch Co. is a United States company incorporated in 1996. They are a

specialty retailer of casual apparel (marketed as luxury casual).

They operate stores and perpetuate direct-to-consumer efforts through the four subsidiaries:

Abercrombie & Fitch, abercrombie kids, Hollister Co. and Gilly Hicks.

Each subsidiary bears the trademark styles of the parent corporation, and a highly similar style of

marketing and branding. Each subsidiary also operates a website linked to the others.

As of 2011, Abercrombie & Fitch have 1,045 internationally.

5

MARKETING STRATEGIES

This section of the report discusses in three separate parts marketing strategies which we recommend

Abercrombie & Fitch adopt. These are namely A) focusing on athletic rebranding, B) expansion via

franchising and C) developing prominence in welfare efforts.

Each strategy is generally explored through some or all of the following points, though they may not

necessarily be in this order:

strategy,

rationale,

current relevant marketing problem,

assessment of potential,

methods of execution,

successful case study,

benefits,

drawbacks, and

recommendations

This comprehensive take on explaining the suggested strategies allows for a full assessment of their

strengths, weaknesses and potential.

ATHLETIC BRANDING

There is a potential for Abercrombie & Fitch to enter the sports industry in its own way due to its strong

athletic imagery, particularly drawing from earlier promotional materials, as well as its specific target

clientele.

6

Strategy

We recommend Abercrombie & Fitch to market itself through sportsrelated efforts by reverting to the

brands beginnings in sportswear and place stronger emphasis on these athletic values in a two-

pronged approach that involves sales of sporting goods and event sponsorship.

Rationale

This strategy would place prominence on Abercrombie &Fitchs athletic roots and also allow it to enter a

new but relevant market, simultaneously expanding their consumer and clientele base.

It would deliver the notion of athleticism promised by several articles of their promotional material

(particularly in earlier examples) which would mean stronger brand integrity.

Example of A&Fs use of sports such as American Football in A&P

It would likewise be able to capitalise on the immense sports industry (see Assessment below for

details) while revamping the brand image with the abovementioned element of athleticism.

7

Problems

Abercrombie & Fitchs current selection of merchandise is incongruous with its projected image: the

brands extensive use of American sports in their promotional media implies rigorous athleticism. This

is not reflected in its range of products, which currently do not include performance sportswear and

indeed are limited to various articles of versatile casual pieces like sweatpants.

Consequently, a disparity is created, rendering part of Abercrombie & Fitchs brand image undelivered.

Assessment

The global sports industry has been valued at 350 billion to 450 billion (A.T. Kearney). It is a multi-

faceted industry consisting of such sectors as infrastructure construction, sporting goods, licensing and

events. Our strategy involves sporting goods and events.

8

Considering its market value, it can be inferred that the sports industry has a high consumer potential

which Abercrombie & Fitch can tap in. Similarly, there exists a demographic overlap between the

average consumer in the sports industry, and Abercrombie & Fitchs current target market of youths

aged 18 to 22.

A large number of consumers in the sporting industry would fall into this age group, a fact attributable

to the prevalence of sports as part of daily life among modern youths.

Execution

Capitalising on the sports market through this recommended strategy involved two separate efforts:

1) Initiate the developing and selling of sporting goods. Bringing in a range of sports-related

products relevant to the brand (eg. performance wear for wrestling or American Football

sports used by Abercrombie & Fitch in promotional media) would cater to and target the sports

market. Simultaneously advertise and promote based on athletics in tandem with the

9

introduction of sporting merchandise. Ensure that luxury branding and the Abercrombie & Fitch

brand value remains consistent in sportswear.

2) Begin sponsoring sports events relevant to Abercrombie & Fitch, like American football and

wrestling. Concurrently capitalize on the growing coincidence between sports and lifestyle.

Sports has become integrated into peoples everyday life. For example, the Super Bowl XLV

played in 2011 became the most-watched American television program in history, drawing an

average audience of 111 million viewers. There is a large potential in advertising to this

demographic: statistically speaking there will be a substantial number of viewers who are worth

promoting to.

Case Study

On sponsorship, an evidently huge success is Adidas, who sponsored the 2008 summer Olympics. This

act allowed the company to see an increase in profits due to the increase of sales by 15%.

Excerpt from the Wall Street Journal article

10

Benefits

A&F would enhance its brand integrity by delivering on a promise it makes. They can also tap into the

luxury sports market which could potentially overlap with Abercrombie & Fitchs own current target

market. Likewise, there is a beneficial diversification of Abercrombie & Fitchs range of products,

equating to a wider consumer base and more opportunities for the company.

Drawbacks

There are a number of sports retailers which have managed to build a name for themselves and if

Abercrombie & Fitch break into this industry, it may take them quite a while to develop as prominent a

presence in it, as consumers would prefer buying from these more reputable retailers.

There would also be a limitation in terms of the variety of sports equipment they can selland by

extension their new target marketdue to the fact that the brand is primarily associated to wrestling

and American football (which is most prominent in the US), and thus will not appeal to the global

consumer base.

Recommendations

To possibly remedy these issues, Abercrombie & Fitch can introduce sporting merchandise gradually to

begin its new appeal within its current consumer base, and from there expand.

They could also begin to include more sports in their promotional media and widen their athletic

association, which would thus allow a vaster potential range.

EXPANSION VIA FRANCHISE

Abercrombie & Fitch Co. could potentially expand their reach internationally and appeal to a wider

consumer base by opening franchises in countries that have a huge market potential based on such

factors as a novelty effect and specialisation in the specific countries.

11

Defining Franchising: Authorisation granted to a third-party entity to sell a companys goods or

services in a particular place

Franchising is the practice of using, with permission, another firms successful business model while

not being subjected to the liability of opening chain stores. Simply put, franchising allows an

established company to open stores managed quasi-independently by franchisees, allowing the parent

company to benefit from the profits made by their franchises without having to step in and

micromanage.

Strategy

Our strategy involves two main parts: 1) franchising (as described above) and 2) doing this especially in

countries that Abercrombie & Fitch have never opened in before.

Rationale

Benefits of Expansion

The benefits of expanding to new markets are rather simple: the introduction of a brand into a market in

which it has never debuted before means an element of novelty that can work to the companys

advantage. This is particularly true for Abercrombie & Fitch precisely because of its marketing strategy

and brand image. While its risqu and highly Americanised image may have worn in terms of consumer

captivation in such regions as North American and Western Europe, it may very well carry the value of

shock and novelty in less exposed regions like Asia or even certain regions of Eastern Europe.

For example, Abercrombie & Fitchs opening in Singapore in 2011 saw a rather dramatic response

(positively and negatively) to its promotional material and methods of marketing, particularly towards

its suggestive billboard placed in the Orchard district. This is attributable to how Singapore is fairly

conservative, relatively speaking, and thusly by extrapolation speaks volumes of how various new

markets would react to the brand.

12

Benefits of Franchising

The benefits of franchising are numerous:

1) Faster growth can be achieved with lesser work than simply expanding without a franchisee.

Trusting a third-party to open and manage a store independently from the parent company (whilst

still maintaining strongly and obviously maintaining the companys established ethos) eliminated

the need for the parent company to further divide its resources to support the stores.

2) Similarly, franchising utilises the franchisees capital and network, which means that the parent

company will not need to expend excessively high costs, and can capitalise on this new network of

contacts.

3) External funding likewise means that the parent company will not need to pour a high amount of

money into the opening of franchises because of external investors and franchisees capital.

4) Franchises are self-motivated. This attribute comes from the two points described below. Firstly, the

franchisees own money is at stake if the store fails, the franchisee suffers. Secondly and

conversely, any action that benefits the parent company will be taken because this beneficial effect

is echoed in the franchise itself. For example, individually increasing brand awareness and loyalty

benefits both the parent company and the franchise in terms of sales. These points, and by

extension the concept of franchising, can be a more efficient manner of introducing individual

stores responsibility and improving sales methods because the ideas of incentives and deterrents

are introduces: the consequences of the franchisees actions will affect them directly; employees do

not have this same motivation.

5) Engaging franchisees local to the market the parent company wishes to expand to means there is a

well of contextual knowledge and understanding of the local market and likewise means knowledge

of how to tailor the brand to sell better there.

Engaging a variety of franchisees (internationally) also means the pool of ideas for improving the

business increases.

13

Problems

Currently, on a global scale, Abercrombie & Fitchs store distribution is relatively limited. Its stores are

focused mainly in the North American continent, Europe, and a few regions in Asia.

Although they are attempting to expand into China, there are still many more potential regions for them

to expand into, for example South America and India (these two will be elaborated on later as two

examples of the many possible future markets).

Assessment

For the purposes of this report, we have chosen two out of the many possible markets around the world

to elaborate on so as to give a concise view on what kind of markets we think Abercrombie & Fitch could

succeed in, as well as these markets climates and potential.

South America

Firstly, South Americas booming population, projected to exceed that of Chinas in the future, means

that there is a potentially large future youth market which Abercrombie & Fitch could tap to their

advantage.

14

South American population projections

South America population pyramid: indicative of large future youth market

15

This growth in population is complemented by a similarly expanding retail market, stemming from the

aforementioned potentially populous consumer base as well as an increase in average buying power.

Studies have revealed that South American countries buying power is charging ahead with rather

substantial increments.

This increase in purchasing power could very well be translated into increased profit for Abercrombie &

Fitch.

India

By 2025, Indias population (currently standing at 1.22 billion) would surpass that of Chinas. This

would imply a potential for Abercrombie to target to the immense youth market in the near future

(statistically speaking).

16

Charts illustrating Indias growing population

India is also a culture in which a very distinct and strongly enforced caste system is still existent today

which naturally means that status symbols and representations of wealth are going to be important to

the rich.

The 56% growth of luxury stores in India signifies a developing sense of brand awareness in the

expanding number of Indias high-income households.

17

Execution

South America

Our suggestion for opening a franchise in South America is to focus therefore on hard-selling this

concept of the Southern Californian (SoCal) representation that is prevalent in subsidiary Hollister. For

example, the opening of the franchise could involve campaigns that relate the South American beach

culture to the SoCal beach culture, which would appeal to the largely coastal South American

Demographic.

Hollister Co.s SoCal image (left) and South American beach culture (right)

India

Indias market potential lies in statistical and social facts.

18

In this respect, Abercrombie & Fitch could ramp up on their method of marketing themselves as luxury

goods and appealing as an established brand for the targeted demographic to associate themselves

with; using A&F as an indicative of their monetary privilege and status of affluence. When entering the

Indian market, if Abercrombie & Fitch can accurately portray themselves to be with other juggernaut

brands in the luxury goods market, they will be able to appeal to the rich Indian market, who are

concerned with exclusivity, price and who buy goods based on social recognition.

Case Study

Excerpt from article on AME Info online

American Eagle Outfitters, one of Abercrombie & Fitchs main competitors, has successfully franchised

its business into the Middle East, and by partnering with M.H Alshaya have been able to produce a

substantial flow of revenue and a growing presence of the brand, opening 18 stores in the region to this

date.

Drawbacks

By franchising its business out to third-party entities, especially overseas (relative to the United States),

Abercrombie & Fitch places itself in a precarious position. This style of doing business, although

profitable and less taxing on the parent company, has shortcomings in that brand integrity may be

corrupted by franchisees who do not adhere to the parent companys requirements and styles of

business and marketing.

19

This is particularly true for Abercrombie & Fitch who has for as long as their current incarnate existence

been tailoring a very specific and targeted image for themselves. With external individuals or companies

stepping in to manage overseas franchises, the non-adherence to design and in some cases breach of

contract, or even diluting brand value by devaluing products through altered prices, therein lies a threat.

By revealing the way the company manages its business, Abercrombie & Fitch with their specially

tailored style of business render themselves vulnerable by exposing its trade secrets and unique

identifying elements. These concepts and ideas could easily be copied by franchisees.

Bad reputation from poor franchisees could also be another threat as the actions of the franchisees

staff or the franchisee itself would be linked to Abercrombie & Fitch by virtue of their partnership.

Recommendations

We recommend that, should Abercrombie & Fitch wish to pursue franchising as a strategy, the

company should ensure that their guidelines and requirements are strictly followed by the promise of

legal action should the alternative ensue. This can be managed by their legal team.

We also advise that instead of revealing styles and strategies in design to franchisees when setting up

stores, they could persist in using their own designers and visual merchandising representatives who

will be personally in charge, thus keeping their unique identity a confidential element.

WELFARE EFFORTS

Currently there exists an ongoing effort by Abercrombie & Fitch called A&F Cares which advocates

such principles as diversity (in culture and race), philosophy, and sustainability.

This last marketing strategy aims to expand on this substantially to re-imagine Abercrombie & Fitchs

corporate social responsibility and the direction which it takes.

20

Strategy

The strategy proposed focuses primarily on charity, where we recommend Abercrombie & Fitch

contribute and work closely with charitable organisations in order to raise money for the needy. This

thus would expand on the A&F Cares efforts.

Rationale

Ethically, this strategy aims to expand Abercrombie & Fitchs current somewhat limited charitable effort,

and in the long run, do good for the global community.

From a marketing point of view, this strategy would emphasise on their charitable relations to promote

the company as socially conscious, and through this, appeal to community welfare and consumers

prone to charity through goodwill, and therefore potentially boost sales as a result.

Problems

Abercrombie & Fitch currently does charity work that is very low profile. A majority of their efforts take

place in the locale of their corporate headquarters, which means that on an international scale, their

work goes largely unknown, instead overshadowed by the companys other aspects.

Case Study, Execution & Benefits

Macys Thanks For Sharing campaign, currently in its tenth year, has donated a total of USD95million

to various charities. In just 2011 alone, the campaign managed to raise USD15million to benefit

charities. Their efforts have seen a unification of efforts between customer and company, where for

every USD25 enrolment into the program, Macys donates USD10 up to USD15million.

This campaign also capitalises on the US holiday shopping season, where the campaign is most

promoted, and indeed in full-swing.

21

Excerpt on Macys charity efforts

This manner of fund-raisingcapitalising on festive seasons and their subsequent spiritwould allow

Abercrombie & Fitch the benefit of expounding their efforts extremely widely. By using the brands value

to raise social awareness and contributions, they can easily promote themselves as charitable and

good-willed to an enormous audience.

This graph on consumer electronics shopping trends throughout the years 2005 to 2008 proves a

known fact that consumer spending drastically increases around the Christmas period. Far from being a

phenomenon exclusive to the electronics industry, this trend can be extrapolated to nearly any existing

retail industry, not least fashion.

22

Capitalising on this increase in consumer spending also means capitalising on increased awareness. In

the long run, Abercrombie & Fitch can stand to benefit from a better reputation, as well as improving its

appeal to a wider consumer base, namely that of the socially conscious.

Drawbacks

Although this may seem like a valiant and praise-worthy attempt by Abercrombie & Fitch to benefit the

global community, it may be harmful to the brand in a number of ways.

Firstly, suddenly entering a whole image involving high-profile philanthropy may come off to the public

as very unlike Abercrombie & Fitch: the brand is not known for its conscious attitude towards social

opinions and welfare.

Secondly, this may come off purely as a business venture, and give the impression of being a vapid

attempt to redeem itself and offset its bad reputation with all of its prior controversies and ensuing

lawsuits. This may in fact harm the brand as it creates this image of a company desperate to appeal to

more customers, and not at all out of sincerity.

Recommendations

To balance the benefits and drawbacks of adopting this strategy, we recommend instead of enacting an

entirely new strategy to focus on emphasising the pre-existing A&F Cares efforts, making the strategy

seem like a gradual and already in-effect action.

Abercrombie & Fitch must also ensure that the companys ethos remain in line with their strong

philosophy.

Therefore, they could adapt advertising that is consistent with the companys prior promotional media,

in terms of style and aesthetic, but toned down in terms of thematic imagery (eg. innuendo) so that the

focus is on the charitable efforts instead.

23

Abercrombie & Fitch should choose charities relevant to their brand image, for example, sponsoring

sports scholarships for the under-privileged, thereby keeping in line with their already established

image.

24

CONCLUSION

Summarily, for the first (athletic focus) and third (altruism) strategies we recommend adopting an

overall approach involving minimal alteration to their advertising and promotion strategy, whilst vastly

altering what they promote.

For the second strategy (expansion via franchising) we must stress that mere expansion is not enough,

and that the process must be both streamlined in terms of effort and expenditure to increase efficiency,

as well as being tailored to best suit the regions they attempt expansion into.

For all three strategies, we recommend using extremely high-visibility actions that will expound the

brands name maximally.

Overall, though our suggestions may be drastic steps for Abercrombie & Fitch to take, we believe that if

tackled tastefully and in a consistent style, they stand to profit in both the long and short term.

25

REFERENCES

http://www.pimco.com.sg/EN/Insights/Pages/Blurring-Lines-Positioning-for-Developed-

and-Emerging-Market-Realignments.aspx

http://www.added-value.com/source/2012/09/gangnam-style-killer-baseline-or-social-

commentary/

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/10/29/executive-column-fashion-retail-more-

art-science-mitra-adi-perkasa-ceo.html

http://www.brandchannel.com/brand_speak.asp?bs_id=140

http://red-luxury.com/2012/09/19/chinas-young-luxury-consumers/

http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/08/gangnam-style-dissected-the-

subversive-message-within-south-koreas-music-video-sensation/261462/

http://luxurysociety.com/articles/2012/03/luxury-society-market-guides-brazil-russia-india-

china

http://www.trefis.com/company?hm=ANF.trefis&hk=b07cf44af154045e8769d25e62487b

b073d02836

http://www.voxxi.com/forget-what-you-know-about-mexico/

http://maps.unomaha.edu/Peterson/geog1000/Notes/Notes_Exam1/Population_files/ima

ge002.gif

http://www.v-brazil.com/today/population.html

http://www.bizjournals.com/columbus/stories/2009/06/08/daily34.html

26

http://luxurysociety.com/articles/2012/03/luxury-society-market-guides-brazil-russia-india-

china

http://www.livrapanels.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/ENpurchasingpower.jpg

http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2011-11-23/retail-charity-treasure-

bond/51447536/1

http://www.feedprojects.com/history

http://www.anfcares.org/sustainability/environment/water_conservation.jsp

http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=84477&p=irol-

newsArticle&ID=1662806&highlight

http://www.atkearney.com/paper/-/asset_publisher/dVxv4Hz2h8bS/content/the-sports-

market/10192 http://mncatholicseniors.com/blog/articles/health-and-wellness/exercise-

essential-for-good-health-as-people-age/