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Transcript of Abercrombie
Fatima-‐Ezzahra Bouayad-‐Amine, Yegor Bryukhanov, Guilhem Horvath, Seda Karacaoglu, Veronika Safonova
Agenda
2
1. Market and company analysis
2. Buyout rationale and value creation levers 3. Valuation and deal
4. Exit strategy
An industry dominated by clothing and subject to cyclical growth
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Clothing Sportswear Footwear Apparel
1 380
250 50 1 730
-‐4%
-‐3%
-‐2%
-‐1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Apparel Clothing Sportswear Footwear
Growth in the apparel industry (07-‐17) Breakdown by products ($bn)
• The apparel industry is largely composed by clothing. It is subject to cyclical growth
• The main growth driver is the economy’s health Source: Euromonitor 2013
3
Market analysis
The industry is dependent on the emerging markets
Growth in the apparel industry (07-‐17) Breakdown by region ($bn)
Asia-‐PaciZic represents 32% of the apparel worldwide sales and has been growing to levels above 6% lately. Source: Euromonitor 2013
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
445
340
325 100
170 1 380
-‐8%
-‐6%
-‐4%
-‐2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
World Asia paciZic Western europe North america Latin america
4
Market analysis
Industry is highly fragmented but has been consolidating lately
Market shares in the clothing market (2012)
• The clothing industry is highly fragmented thanks to little barriers to entry
• During 2004-‐2011 period, fragmentation lessened: in 2011, major brands accounted for 18% of total value sales
• Industry consolidation is partly due to the rise of vertically-‐integrated retailers such as H&M and Inditex
• The expansion of their store footprint has enabled these players to capture a larger share of the market 0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
60,0%
70,0%
80,0%
90,0%
100,0%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Major clothing brands Rest of the market Major clothing as a % of the total market
Source: Euromonitor 2013 5
Comments
Market analysis
A group with core brands and markets, expanding in fast-‐growing businesses Global sales by brand ($m)
• Hollister and A&F are the major brands of the company
• Hollister was estimated to grow at a 25% rate for FY 2012
• A&F and Abercrombie Kids barely achieve pre-‐crisis volumes
• Gilly Hicks is still very small compared to other brands but is growing very fast
Source: Euromonitor 2013
-‐200
300
800
1300
1800
2300
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Abercrombie & Fitch Abercrombie Hollister Gilly Hicks
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
2009 2010 2011
U.S. Stores International Stores Direct to Customers
• Due to A&F origins, the largest share of sales is realized in the US
• International sales are now the key growth drivers
• Direct sales via dedicated website have also been expanding
Sales breakdown by type of store ($m)
8%
2%
0%
44%
CAGR ‘06 – ‘11
17% 85%
7%
CAGR ’09 – ‘11
6
Comments
Company analysis
A&F is less proZitable than peers due to important SG&A costs Gross margin benchmark
Source: Euromonitor 2013
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2012 2011 2010 2009 American Eagle ANF GAP
0%
5%
10%
15%
2012 2011 2010 2009 American Eagle ANF GAP
Operating margin benchmark
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
2012 2011 2010 2009
American Eagle ANF GAP
Net proRit margin benchmark
• Abercrombie & Fitch is well above listed competitors in terms of gross margin
• However, operating and net proZit margins lag behind, mainly due to SG&A expenses (over 55% of A&F revenues vs. 5% to 25% of competitors’)
• Overall, A&F is improving its performance over time while others are either stagnant or declining
7
Company analysis
Comments
A&F has only started to improve its inventory turnover and to reshufZle its real estate portfolio Inventory turnover ($m)
• Inventory turnover of A&F is way higher than competitors’, although it improved in 2012
Source: Companies Zinancials
• Capex is a reZlection of new stores openings and closures: A&F is in the process of optimization of its store base
• GAP increases its capital expenditures while American Eagle is relatively Zlat
Capex
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
2012 2011 2010 2009
American Eagle ANF GAP
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%
2012 2011 2010 2009
American Eagle ANF GAP 8
Company analysis
Comments
Comments
A&F is an interesting LBO target as it is currently undervalued and has important growth potential
Source: Google Finance
American Eagle OutRitters
Abercrombie and Fitch
GAP
9
Market performance
Agenda
10
1. Market and company analysis
2. Buyout rationale and value creation levers 3. Valuation and deal
4. Exit strategy
Why is selling to a PE fund the best option?
Remain independent Sell to competition Sell to a diversiRied textile group
Sell to a PE fund
Top-‐line performance
Declining sales in major A&F Group brands, minor brands struggling to break through
Little cross-‐selling and distribution synergies
Distribution and cross-‐selling synergies
Future growth will be maximised
Bottom-‐line performance
Durably decreasing, low and volatile margins
Synergies allow decrease in SG&A costs
Costs rationalisation allows proZitability increase
Incentive to increase substantially proZitability
Management& Employees
Low performance is putting both management and employees at risk
• Management likely to be replaced by buyer’s protégés
• Probable headcount decrease to realise synergies
• Possibly unchanged management thanks to its recognised expertise
• Probable headcount decrease to realise synergies
• Unchanged management, incentivised thanks to a management package
• Possible layoffs to reduce costs
Outcome -‐ -‐ -‐ + ++ 11
Expansion of the product line
Action Impact Rationale
• Introduction of sportswear line:
• SurZing • Swimming • Fitness
outZits • Applies to Hollister
and AnF stores
+2% revenues per store annually
• Fast growth of sportswear segment
• Alignment with the brand image
• Expansion of target customer base
• Enlargement of accessories offering:
• Jewelry • Sunglasses • Watches
• Applies to Hollister and AnF stores
+2% revenues per store annually
• Increase in purchases per customer
• High margin items • Complete looks
offering
Implementation
• Partnership with sportswear manufacturers
• A&F branding • Partnerships
with sports events organizers
• Purchases from external producers
• A&F branding
12
Revenue growth levers
Rationalization of marketing
Action Impact Rationale
• Increased exposure to external audience rather than in-‐store:
• Billboards • Magazines
• Mostly focused on Hollister brand
• No increase in marketing spend
• Reallocate budget from in-‐store experience to external advertising tools
• Raise awareness using direct exposure
• Maintain the premium positioning and the spirit of the brands
• Social media campaigns • Viral content • Online games
• Cover all brands
• Sponsorship of summer sport events
• Cover all brands
+2% revenues per store annually
13
Revenue growth levers
Shift in geographic focus
2,9
8,8
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0
US store International store
Revenue per store in 2011
Average revenue per store – 3,5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
LA Europe Asia Canada Middle East
US stores
2011 2017
The geographical presence must be changed: we reduce the US stores and expand internationally
Currently US stores are performing poorly compared to international stores
Actual and target breakdown of number of stores per region
14
Revenue growth levers
Store openings: 75 per year
Cost of opening/ closure per store
Five-‐year store locations management plan
Store closures: 50 per year
USD 0,25m
USD 5,5m
Total cost per year
USD 414m
USD 12,5m
• 45 Hollister • 15 A&F • 10 Gilly hicks • 5 Abercrombie
• Natural closure • A&F and Abercrombie • Overlapping stores in
the same mall
Criteria
15
Revenue growth levers
Online strategy
Action Impact Rationale
• Selling product through other online platform (Asos, Zalando..)
• Improving website experience (more languages, ergonomic..)
• Improve delivery services
• No risk of cannibalization
• Targeting new kind of customers
• Increasing sales with better margins
Maintain 30% growth
16
Revenue growth levers
3,5
4,0
3,2
3,3
3,4
3,5
3,6
3,7
3,8
3,9
4,0
2011 2017
Evolution of sales per store
+14%
Expansion of product line
Rationalization of marketing
New geographic mix
Revenue improvement drivers
m$
Summary of store revenue growth initiatives
17
Revenue growth levers
Cost reduction levers
Cost item Impact Action
• Closures of underperforming stores in the US allow for increase in operating margin
• Decrease of store expensed by 0,4% of revenue per annum
• Stores expense
• Cut the in-‐store promotional activities in A&F stores in established markets
• Marketing expense
• Introduce strict inventory management system
• Inventory cost
• Decrease inventory turnover from ~80 to ~70 days of sales
• 0,5% of revenue in marketing cost saving
18
Cost reduction levers
• Consolidation of distribution centers: centralized hubs in major regions
• Distribution expense
• Saving in distribution expense of 0,1% of revenue
Agenda
19
1. Market and company analysis
2. Buyout rationale and value creation levers 3. Valuation and deal
4. Exit strategy
Valuation Summary
59
64
45
46
65
62
66
Discounted Cash Flow
Transac>on Comparables
Transac>on Comparables, net of premium
Comparable Companies
88
Valuation Summary Using Wall Street Projections
Implied Purchase price of 60$ a share, constituting a 26% over the closing price on the
31st of December 2012
• Valuation using Wall Street analyst consensus estimates at WACC of 8,6% allowed us to arrive at a fair value of the company
• Based on the 4 different valuation methodologies a number of valuation ranges were examined
• A price of 60$ a share was chosen as the one that reZlects the possible price that might be paid by the strategic buyer if a competitive tender was organized
• The resulting price implies:
• Entry EBITDA’12 multiple of 7,04x
• Deal Enterprise Value of 4,5$bn
• Deal Equity Value of 5,1$bn
20
Comments
• A range of Zinancing structures was identiZied for the buyout, of comparable risk proZiles
• Equity contribution of the management and the sponsor vary from 33% to 43% of the total uses
• A revolving credit facility in the amount of 400$m was established to mitigate any unexpected cash shortfalls
• All structures assume reZinancing of existing of 65$m. In order to craft the most appealing Zinancing structure
Transaction Structure
1000 2000 1200
700
1000
1648 1598
1043
1994
1765 2015 1516 2265
646 646
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Structure 1 Structure 2 Structure 3 Structure 4
Term Loan A Term Loan B Senior Subordinated Notes Total Equity Contribution Cash on Hand
A range of proposed transaction structures
After careful operational and performance analysis under different scenarios, it was decided to retain the
Structure 1, beneRicial for both sponsor and management
21
Comments
Debt Allocation and Capital Optimization
• The proposed Zinancing structure for the LBO is comprised of:
• Term Loan B: • Size: 1200$m • Pricing: LIBOR + 350bp • Term: 9 years • Repayment: 1% per annum, bullet
• Senior Subordinated Notes: • Size: 1648$m • Pricing: 10% coupon per annum • Term: 10 years
• Interest expenses comprised of mainly subordinated note coupon payments
• Due to cash shortfall, revolver is triggered in the Zirst 3 years, repaid fully by 2016
• Cash is applied, meaning that all the cash generated is directed to make optional loan repayments
• No commitment charge was negotiated
1200 1188 1176 1001 705 267
1648 1648 1648 1648 1648
1648 1648
Pro Forma 2012
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Term Loan B Senior Subordinated Notes
Financing Structure Evolution
45,6 45,4 45,2 38,6 27,3 10,4
164,8 164,8 164,8 164,8 164,8 164,8
1,0 1,2 0,2
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Term Loan Subordinated Notes Revolver
Interest Expenses in $m
22
Comments
Key Credit Statistics
• Due to strong cash generation capabilities A&F quickly reduces debt loading
• Once term loan A has been repaid, cash position becomes positive, allowing for additional cushion
• Even though under LBO scenario credit statistics signiZicantly above industry averages, company is able to sustain it in our view
• EBITDA/cash interest expense are considered strong to sustain debt loading
• As expansion strategy kicks in and debt is being reimbursed, the company will show signiZicant balance sheet improvements
• Debt to total capitalization will stand at 40% post exit, due to subordinated notes only, leaving the company in a great condition for potential buyers
7,7
5,8
4,2 3,0
2,0 1,4
7,7
5,8 4,2
3,0 2,0
1,2
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Total debt/ EBITDA Net debt/EBITDA
Total Debt/EBITDA & Net Debt/EBITDA
EBITDA and Debt Loading
1,76 2,31
2,99 3,87
5,09
6,50
63,3% 63,0% 60,5% 55,6%
47,3% 39,9%
0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0%
0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
EBITDA/Cash interest expense % Debt to Total Capitaliation 23
Comments
CAPEX & D&A Statistics Capital Expenditures – LBO case vs. Wall Street estimates
• Due to aggressive expansion strategy, CAPEX signiZicantly exceeds Wall Street Projections
• However, we believe that these investments will pay off in terms of top-‐line expansion and margin optimization
• Even at these levels of CAPEX, the company experiences no difZiculties in servicing debt
• Depreciation expenses allow for tax shield and provide room for additional EBIT expansion
• Assumed to be equal to CAPEX in the year after the exit and in after
414 414 414 414 414 414
200 210 220 230 240 245
106,9% 97,0% 88,0% 79,9% 72,4% 69,0%
0,0% 20,0% 40,0% 60,0% 80,0% 100,0% 120,0%
0
100
200
300
400
500
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
CAPEX -‐ LBO case CAPEX -‐ Wall Street estimates
% Increase over estimated
Depreciation – LBO case vs. Wall Street estimates
254 281 313
347 385 414
221 217 213 212 212 212
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
D&A -‐ LBO case D&A -‐ Wall Street Estimates 24
Comments
EBITDA & EBIT Improvement
373 488
627 787
977 1139
8,23% 9,73%
11,23% 12,73% 14,23%
15,91%
0,00%
5,00%
10,00%
15,00%
20,00%
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
EBITDA EBITDA Marging
EBITDA & EBITDA margin show steady growth
• EBITDA shows steady growth due to the cost-‐cutting initiatives and partially due to D&A increases
• EBITDA margin shows increase due to efZiciencies resulting from policies implemented post – LBO
• In the Zirst years lower than consensus estimates due to aggressive expansion and resulting MG&A and store related expenses
• EBIT margin and EBIT improve due to the growth in the top-‐line, operating efZiciencies and tax shield provided by increase D&A on new CAPEX
EBIT & EBIT margin growth
119 207
314
441
592 725
2,6% 4,1%
5,6%
7,1%
8,6%
10,1%
0,0%
2,0%
4,0%
6,0%
8,0%
10,0%
12,0%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
EBIT EBIT margin 25
Comments
Equity Value at Exit
Equity Value Evolution
• Standard holding period of 5 years was applied to the case of A&F
• Due to strong operating strategy and cash generation, core debt is being repaid over the holding period, leading to dramatic increase in equity value in 2017 exit year
• Conservatively assumes same exit multiple as entry multiple of 7,04x
IRR - Assuming Exit in 2017E Exit Multiple
23,1% 6,0x 6,5x 7,0x 7,5x 8,0x 6,0x 17,6% 17,6% 17,6% 17,6% 17,6% 6,0x 17,8% 17,8% 17,8% 17,8% 17,8% 6,5x 20,6% 20,6% 20,6% 20,6% 20,6% 7,0x 23,1% 23,1% 23,1% 23,1% 23,1% 7,5x 25,4% 25,4% 25,4% 25,4% 25,4% 8,0x 27,6% 27,6% 27,6% 27,6% 27,6%
IRR - Assuming 0.7x Entry Multiple Exit Year
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 0,2% 16,1% 23,1% 24,9% 25,0%
6,0x -13,4% 8,1% 17,8% 21,1% 22,0% 6,5x -6,1% 12,3% 20,6% 23,1% 23,6% 7,0x 0,2% 16,1% 23,1% 24,9% 25,0% 7,5x 5,8% 19,5% 25,4% 26,7% 26,3% 8,0x 10,9% 22,6% 27,6% 28,3% 27,5%
-‐258 603
1767
3189
4965
2882 2832 2649 2353 1915
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Equity Value at Exit Net Debt
26
Comments
IRR decomposition in the case of 30% equity and 70% debt
Source: Team estimates
9,3%
0,5% 0,0%
13,2%
23,0%
Revenue effect Margin effect Multiple effect Leverage effect IRR
In the case of 70% debt and 30% equity, return is generated for 40% via sales increase and for 57% via leverage effect. Overall IRR is at 23% in a 5-‐year horizon
Comments
27
An attractive management package
Source: Team estimates
• Management initial investment: $75m, getting 5% of the company’s total equity
• Ratchet mechanism: performance target is set at a IRR of 20%. If beaten, the management share doubles
Compensation Ratchet effect on IRR
Mike Jeffries Chairman & CEO
40%
David Cupps General Counsel &
Secretary 20%
Michael Kramer CFO 20%
Leslee Heero Head of Strategy
20%
Participations
28
0%
20%
40%
60%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
26%
28%
30%
32%
34%
36%
38%
40%
Sponsors Management
Source: Abercrombie & Fitch investor relations
Agenda
29
1. Market and company analysis
2. Buyout rationale and value creation levers 3. Valuation and deal
4. Exit strategy
Exit Strategy
Fundamentals
Strategic Rationale
Challenges
Evaluation
IPO Secondary Buyout
• Mcap: 17,05$bn • EBITDA: 2,51$bn
• Mcap: 21,77$bn • EBITDA: 2,01 $bn
• Mcap: 10,83$bn • EBITDA: 1,68$bn
• IPO guarantees a fair price
• AUM > 5$bn • EBITDA > 500$m
• Requires previous squeeze out
• Depending on economic outlook
• Listing on NYSE with GDR on LSE
• Apparel industry may not seem appealing
• Low price likely
• If strategic levers do not generated required performance
• Strategic buyer likely to pay high premium of 20-‐30% • One of these might be interested in improving their international positions and product ranges by forming a new partnership with A&F
• Possess large cash and lending capability and will be able to pay the price
• For GAP and Nordstrom, there might be anti-‐trust regulatory issues • Cyclicality of the industry might hamper purchase ability of the companies
• Employees might be against takeover by direct competitors • Future product ranges, trends and positioning of the brand may not coincide
30
++ + -‐
Pro Forma Income Statement Income Statement
Actual Estimated Projected In USD mln., except per share data 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Revenue Net Store Sales 2 633 3 051 3 586 3 891 3 728 3 981 4 249 4 452 4 621 4 691 Direct-to-consumer sales 290 405 552 599 779 1 012 1 316 1 711 2 224 2 447 Other 5 12 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Total Revenue 2 928 3 468 4 156 4 510 4 527 5 013 5 584 6 182 6 865 7 157 Cost of Sales -1 045 -1 256 -1 639 -1 694 -1 678 -1 833 -2 014 -2 199 -2 407 -2 474
Gross Profit 1 883 2 212 2 517 2 816 2 849 3 180 3 571 3 984 4 458 4 684 Stores & Distribution Expense -1 425 -1 589 -1 888 -1 988 -2 290 -2 511 -2 769 -3 035 -3 335 -3 441 MG&A Expense -353 -400 -437 -474 -453 -477 -503 -526 -550 -537 Other Operating Expense 14 10 -3 19 13 14 16 17 19 20
Operating Profit 119 233 189 374 119 207 314 441 592 725 Revolving Credit Facility -1 -1 0 0 0 0 Term Loan A 0 0 0 0 0 0 Term Loan B -46 -45 -45 -39 -27 -10 Senior Subordinated Notes -165 -165 -165 -165 -165 -165 Cash Interest Expense -211 -211 -210 -203 -192 -175 Amortization of deferred financing fees -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 Total Interest Expense -219 -219 -218 -211 -200 -183 Interest Income 0 0 0 0 0 2 Interest Expense, net 2 -3 -4 -7 -219 -219 -218 -211 -200 -181
Pre-tax Income 121 230 185 366 -100 -12 96 230 393 544 Income Tax -41 -78 -60 -130 35 4 -34 -80 -137 -191
Net Income From Continuing Operations 80 151 126 236 -65 -8 63 149 255 354 Income/Loss from Discontinuing Op -79 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Income 1 151 127 236 -65 -8 63 149 255 354 Net Income margin 0,05% 4,37% 3,05% 5,24% -1,44% -0,16% 1,12% 2,41% 3,72% 4,94%
EBITDA 358 462 422 626 373 488 627 787 977 1139
32
Pro Forma Balance Sheet Balance Sheet
Estimated Projected 2012 Adjustments Pro Forma 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Assets Current Assets + -
Cash & Equivalents 646 -645,7 0 0 0 0 0 0 319 Marketaeble Securities 0 0 1701 1762 2713 2431 2301 2401 Receivables 100 100 100 111 123 137 152 158 Inventories 362 362 357 389 426 463 505 517 Deferred Income Taxes 55 55 73 80 90 99 110 115 Other Current Assets 105 105 106 117 130 144 160 167
Total Current Assets 1267 622 2336 2459 3482 3273 3228 3676
PPE, net 1308 1308 1468 1601 1702 1769 1798 1798 Non-current marketable securities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deferred Financing Fees 67,2 67 60 52 44 36 29 21 Other assets 366 366 106 117 130 144 160 167 Goodwill & Intangible Assets 3324,3 3324 3324 3324 3324 3324 3324 3324
Total Assets 2942 5688 7294 7553 8682 8547 8539 8986
Liabilities Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable 143 143 154 171 190 210 233 243 Accrued Expenses 392 392 393 436 485 537 597 622 Deffered Lease Credit 39 39 44 48 51 53 54 54 Income Tax Payable 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114
Total Current Liabilities 688 688 706 769 841 915 998 1033
Long-term Liabilities Revolving Credit Facility 46 8 0 0 0 0 Term Loan A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Term Loan B 1200 1200 1188 1176 1000,98 704,771 267 0 Senior Subordinated Notes 1648 1648 1648 1648 1648 1648 1648 1648 Deferred Income Tax 1 0,6 16,1 17,6 18,7 19,4 19,7 19,7 Deferred Lease Credits 168 168,4 189,0 206,1 219,0 227,7 231,4 231,4
Long-term debt (Leaseold Financial Obl) 64 -63,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Other Liabilities 245 0,0 1828,2 2064,4 3227,3 3155,5 3243,0 3568,6
Total Liabilities 1166 5621,5 5888,7 6954,9 6670,4 6407,0 6500,8
Shareholder's equity Total Shareholder's Equity 1776 1737,5 -1775,7 1737 1672 1665 1727 1876 2132 2485
Total Shareholder's Equity & Liabilities 2942 7294 7553 8682 8547 8539 8986 33
Pro Forma Cash Flow Statement Cash Flow Statement
Projected 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Cash from Operating Activities Net Income 236 -65 -8 63 149 255 354 Depreciation and amortization 253 254 281 313 347 385 414 Non-cash chage for asset impairment 68 169 175 201 198 197 208 Loss on Disposal/Write-off of Assets 22 56 58 66 65 65 69 Deferred Lease Credits Amortization -48 -54 -59 -63 -65 -66 -66 Other 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 Inventories (Inc/Dec) 208 5 -32 -37 -37 -42 -12 Other Assets & Liabilities -21 0 -11 -13 -14 -16 -7 Accounts Receivable (Inc/Dec) -10 0 -11 -13 -13 -15 -6 Deferred Income Taxes (Inc/Dec) 22 -18 -8 -9 -10 -11 -5 Accrued Expenses (Inc/Dec) 17 1 42 50 52 59 25 Accounts Payable (Inc/Dec) -69 12 17 19 20 23 9 Deferred Lease Credits (Inc/Dec) -2 5 4 3 2 1 0 Income Taxes (Inc/Dec) 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Change in Working Capital 182 4 1 0 0 -1 5
Net Cash from Operating Activities 379 464 597 710 852 999 Cash from Investing Activities
Capital Expendiure -414 -414 -414 -414 -414 -414 Other Investing 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Cash from Investing Activities -414 -414 -414 -414 -414 -414 Cash from Financing Activities
Revolving Credit Facility 46 -38 -8 0 0 0 Term Loan A 0 0 0 0 0 0 Term Loan B -12 -12 -175 -296 -438 -267 Senior Subordinated Notes
Cash flow from Financing Activities 34 -50 -183 -296 -438 -267
Beginning Cash Balance 0 0 0 0 0 0 Change in Cash 0 0 0 0 0 319
Ending Cash Balance 0 0 0 0 0 319 34
Weighted Cost of Capital Calculation WEIGHTED COST OF CAPITAL CALCULATION
WACC Calculation - Netherlands Capital Structure Debt-to-total capitalization 2% Equity-to-total capitalization 98%
Cost of Debt Cost of Debt 5,00% <==== Estimation Tax Rate 35% <==== Normalized US Tax Rate After Tax of debt 3,25%
Cost of Equity Risk Free Rate 1,8% <===== US 10 y treasury bond yield Market Risk Premium 4,0% <===== Duff & Phelps Equity Risk Premium Levered Beta 1,71 <===== Thomson One Banker Cost of Equity 8,6%
WACC 8,6%
Market Cap Calculation Share Price 46,99 <==== As of 3rd of April 2013 Shares Outstanding 85,64 <==== As of 3rd of April 2013 Total Market Capitalization 4024,2 <==== As of 3rd of April 2013
Value of Debt 64 <==== 2012 proxy statements
Total Capitalization 4088 35
DCF – Wall Street Consensus Estimates DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS
Source: Credit Suisse Research Reports, case of a next best buyer, made according to the Street Estimates
Assumptions
WACC 8,56%
Tax Rate 35%
Perpetual growth rate 1,00%
EBITDA 358 462 422 626 664 713 769 820 1 046 1 104
% margin 12,22% 13,33% 10,15% 13,89% 14,12% 14,45% 14,88% 15,06% 15,24% 15,42%
Less: Depreciation & Amortization 239 229 233 253 221 217 213 212 212 212
EBIAT 78 155 129 244 280 315 358 396 400 420
Plus: Depreciation & Amortization 239 229 233 253 221 217 213 212 212 212
Less: Capital Expenditure 414 414 414 414 200 210 220 230 240 245
Less: Increase in Net Working Capital 0 -1 20 30 35 45
Unlevered Free Cash Flow 301 323 331 348 337 342
Discount Period 0,5 1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5
Discount Factor 0,96 0,88 0,81 0,75 0,69 0,64
Present Value of Free Cash Flows 289 285 269 261 233 218
Scenario 1
Terminal Year Free Cash Flow 346
WACC 8,56%
Capitalization rate 7,56%
Terminal Value 4574
Present Value Factor 0,64
PV of terminal value 2912,309
PV of Free Cash Flows 1555
Total Enterprise Value 4468
Less: Net Debt -582
Total Equity Value 5049
Total Shares Outstanding 85,64
Current Price per Share 46,99
Share Price as per DCF 58,96
Premium/Discount to Current Price 25,5% 36
Business Plan Scenarios Base Case 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Net Store Revenue 3728 3981 4249 4452 4621 4691 4761 4832 4905
Direct to Customers 779 1012 1316 1711 2224 2447 2618 2722 2750
Other 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Total Revenue 4527 5013 5584 6182 6865 7157 7399 7575 7675
COGS -1678 -1833 -2014 -2199 -2407 -2474 -2520 -2542 -2537
Stores Expense -2290 -2511 -2769 -3035 -3335 -3441 -3521 -3567 -3575
MG&A -453 -477 -503 -526 -550 -537 -518 -493 -461
Other 13 14 16 17 19 20 21 21 22
Downside 1
Net Store Revenue 3654 3901 4164 4363 4529 4597 4666 4736 4807
Direct to Customers 763 992 1290 1677 2180 2398 2565 2668 2695
Other 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20
Total Revenue 4436 4913 5473 6059 6728 7014 7251 7423 7521
COGS -1711 -1869 -2054 -2243 -2455 -2523 -2570 -2593 -2588
Stores Expense -2336 -2561 -2824 -3095 -3402 -3510 -3591 -3638 -3647
MG&A -462 -486 -513 -536 -561 -548 -529 -503 -470
Other 13 14 16 18 20 21 21 22 22
Downside 2
Net Store Revenue 3616 3861 4121 4318 4483 4550 4618 4687 4758
Direct to Customers 755 982 1277 1660 2157 2373 2539 2641 2667
Other 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20
Total Revenue 4391 4862 5417 5997 6659 6942 7177 7348 7445
COGS -1711 -1869 -2054 -2243 -2455 -2523 -2570 -2593 -2588
Stores Expense -2336 -2561 -2824 -3095 -3402 -3510 -3591 -3638 -3647
MG&A -462 -486 -513 -536 -561 -548 -529 -503 -470
Other 13 14 16 18 20 21 21 22 22 37